Специальная оценка условий труда при зимнем содержании дорог и тротуаров

To explore the automated external defibrillator (AED) configuration optimization strategy in line with the characteristics of the rapidly developing cities by analyzing the actual coverage of AED in Bao'an District based on the real world data of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) in Bao'an District, Shenzhen City. The data of cardiac arrest database registered in Bao'an District of Shenzhen City from March 1, 2019 to February 29, 2020 were included in a retrospective observational study. The AED coverage of public and non-public areas was analyzed by calculating the minimum distance between the occurrence place of each OHCA event and the nearest AED. The minimum distance ≤ 100 m was set as AED coverage, and the minimum distance > 100 m was set as non-AED coverage. It was assumed that one AED was configured for each OHCA hotspot area, then the AED coverage changes were analyzed. Based on the actual situation that the AED in schools, governments, sports venues, subways, tourist attractions and parks of public areas in Bao'an District could not be obtained at any time within 24 hours, it was assumed that all AED in the public areas could be obtained at any time within 24 hours, the impact of AED available at any time on AED coverage was analyzed. A total of 525 cases of OHCA were enrolled. The highest incidence of OHCA was found in residential and industrial areas [54.5% (286/525) and 14.3% (75/525), respectively]. There were 252 AED in Bao'an District, Shenzhen, and 115 OHCA events occurred within the coverage area of AED. Even if all AED met the ideal state that could be obtained at any time within 24 hours, the coverage rate was only 21.9% (115/525). The AED coverage rate of the public areas and non-public areas was 31.6% (37/117) and 19.1% (78/408) respectively, with uneven distribution, and the AED coverage rate of non-public areas was low. Assuming that the residential community and industrial zone with more than 2 OHCA cases were respectively equipped with one AED, the coverage rate of AED in the non-public areas increased from 19.1% (78/408) to 28.2% (115/408), basically meeting the requirement that AED could be obtained at any time when OHCA events occurred. Some AED in the public areas of Bao'an District were not available at any time within 24 hours. If the ideal state that all AED in the public area could be obtained at any time within 24 hours could be achieved, the AED coverage rate of all regions increased from 16.8% (88/525) to 21.9% (115/525), the AED coverage rate of the public areas increased from 29.1% (34/117) to 31.6% (37/117), the AED coverage rate of the non-public areas increased from 13.2% (54/408) to 19.1% (78/408). AED configuration in Bao'an District was unevenly distributed, and the coverage rate of AED in non-public areas was low. The allocation strategy for AED in fast-growing cities like Shenzhen should be as follows: on the premise of ensuring AED availability for 24 hours, priority should be given to covering the number of AED in the non-public areas including residential communities and industrial zones; AED is available in the public areas for 24 hours.

Rumah Tahfidzpreneur Annur in Cibadak Village, Cariu, Bogor, West Java requires assistance in the planning process. This community service is motivated by the society's intention to build a tahfidz facility on land of approximately 5,200 m2 in Cibadak Village, Cariu, Bogor. The land is located in a residential area that is ideal for building a Tahfidz House. Rumah Tahfidzpreneur Annur will be built with guesthouse dormitory facilities, owner's house, farm, prayer room, multipurpose room, library, informal class, cooperative, and management office. The design recommendation is to divide these spaces into public, semi-public, private, and service areas. The main access is on the main road side, the public area is adjacent to this side. The private area is on the back side to ensure privacy. The service area is also on the back side. The middle part is filled with a semi-public area. The distant water source creates obstacles to water distribution and it is recommended to install a centrifugal pump so that water distribution is smooth. The results of physical and chemical tests on the water on the Rumah Tahfidzpreneur Annur land show that the water meets household standards but it is necessary to install a filter in the water reservoir so that the water is free of bacteria. Keywords: Rumah Tahfidzpreneur Annur, site concept, water distribution, clean water filter

This study attempts to review whether the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) is transmitted through the ocular surface and examine the symptoms and signs of ocular disease. Considering that COVID-19 is transmitted by airborne droplets and close contact with infected individuals, we will also review the conditions to which eye clinics and ophthalmologists should pay attention to prevent the transmission of the disease. Although some researchers have argued that COVID-19 transmission cannot occur through the ocular surface, most of them are of the opinion that the ocular surface is a potential pathway of transmission. Until date, ocular signs and symptoms have been rarely reported in the COVID-19 patients. However, there are case reports of conjunctivitis as the first, and rarely, the only clinical symptom of the disease. In addition, low coronavirus RNA positivity can be detected in the ocular surface samples. Further laboratory and clinical investigations are needed to ascertain whether the ocular surface is one of the potential transmission pathways through which severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2 can gain entry into the human body.

Funding Acknowledgements Type of funding sources: Foundation. Main funding source(s): TrygFonden Introduction Bystander interventions and survival after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) have increased remarkably in Denmark over the last years. Even though 75% of all OHCA occur in residential areas, most interventions to increase bystander interventions have focused on public places. This study assessed bystander interventions (cardiopulmonary resuscitation [CPR] and defibrillation) according to area type. Methods We included bystander witnessed OHCAs from the Danish Cardiac Arrest Registry (2016-2019) with a known geographical location. Urban Atlas is an international data base covering 40% of Denmark, which uses satellite images to divide areas into different area types. In this study, Urban Atlas was used to identify and geocode OHCAs within the following subgroups: high density residential areas (defined as average degree of soil sealing >50%), low density residential areas (average degree of soil sealing <50%), public and industrial sites, nature, sport and leisure facilities, transportation (e.g. airport and railway stations), and fast transit roads. Results A total of 5,180 bystander witnessed OHCA were covered by Urban Atlas and included. The proportion of bystander interventions was lowest in residential areas where most OHCAs occurred (Figure 1). The proportion of bystander interventions was highest in sport and leisure areas and transportation sites. The proportion of bystander defibrillation increased 5-fold in transportation sites and 3-fold in sports and leisure sites compared with residential areas. Conclusion Patients with OHCA in transportation areas and sports and leisure areas were substantially more likely to receive bystander CPR and defibrillation, highlighting the success of initiatives to increase bystander interventions in public areas. Bystander defibrillation was lowest in residential areas supporting further efforts, such as smartphone activated volunteer responder activation, to improve bystander defibrillation in residential areas.

<em><span lang="EN">Chili pepper is one of the vegetable plants that can be harvested repeatedly; not only that, but chili pepper also has high economic value and is rich in nutrients. This study aims to determine the level of risk occurrence of the chili supply chain in the Al-Hidayah farmer group, East Bulontala Village, and to determine the severity of the risk of the chili supply chain in the Al-Hidayah farmer group, East Bulontala Village. The method used is the Supply Chain Operation Reference (SCOR) to identify potential risks at each stage of the supply chain, from planning, production, to distribution. The results of the study showed that the level of risk occurrence at the farmer level was in the small risk category, with a total risk value reaching 141.2 and an average of 28.24. Furthermore, the level of risk at the trader level was in the small risk category with a total risk value of 127.7 and an average value of 25.54. Then, for the level of risk occurrence at the consumer level, it was in the small risk category with a total risk value of 163.2 and an average value of 32.64. Then for the level of risk severity at the farmer level is in the small risk category with a total value of risk severity of 199.6 and an average value of 39.92. Furthermore, the level of risk severity at the trader level is in the small risk category with a total value of risk severity of 169.7 and an average value of 33.94</span></em>

Using the human body as a transmission medium for electrical signals becomes a novel data communication technique in biomedical monitoring systems. Galvanical coupling is a promising approach for wireless intra-body data transmission between sensors. In this work, special attention is given to the coupling of the current into the human body. Safety requirements have to be fulfilled and optimal signal coupling is requested. Therefore, different electrodes are compared. A test system offers up to 1 mA contact current modulated in the frequency range of 10 kHz to 1 MHz. The injected current is 20 times below the maximum allowed contact current and more than 50 times below nerve stimulation. Such a low-current approach enables data communication that is more energy-saving than other wireless technologies

Many researchers have unequivocally demonstrated that water of higher pH has a positive effect on the human body. In terms of undertaken research, the adjustment of acid-base balance during anaerobic effort, a decrease in the concentration of free radicals as well as the improvement of connective tissue condition is of primary importance. The aim of this study was to evaluate an influence of high alkaline water consumption on anaerobic performance and acid-base balance in professional basketball players. There was evaluating changes in parameters of blood and urine in laboratory tests (pH, pCO2, pO2, HCO3 act, HCO3 std, BE (ecf), BE(B), O2 std, and ctCO2). The group of fourteen adults male underwent in two experimental trials, before and after six weeks hydration tested water. Statistical analysis of blood tests showed that after ingestion of alkaline water there was a significant increase of blood pH at rest and after anaerobic exercise. The same results were obtained in urine tests, respectively 1.30 in rest and 0.93 after physical examination. The results of the specific anaerobic endurance test revealed a significant difference in performance between the tests performed after hydrating with highly alkaline water in comparison to table water. The average improvement of results equaled 0.71s. (p = 0.03). In conclusion the athletes hydrated with alkaline water showed a positive impact on acid-base balance with a significant increase of blood and urine pH. The daily intake of 2.5 - 3.0 l of highly alkalized water delay in muscular acidosis during anaerobic exercise, as well as prevention of dehydration, and faster recovery.

Introduction: Bystander defibrillation has increased in public locations but remained stagnated around 2% in private homes, where most out-of-hospital cardiac arrests (OHCAs) occur. Hypothesis: Dispatching citizen responders through a smartphone application can increase bystander defibrillation in residential OHCAs. Methods: From September 2017-2018, a total of 23,117 (1,284/100,000) citizen responders and 5,225 (290/100,000) automated external defibrillators (AEDs) were registered in the Capital Region of Denmark (1.8 mil. inhabitants). In case of suspected OHCA, up to 20 citizen responders <1.8 km (1.1 miles) from the OHCA were alerted and dispatched to either start cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) or to retrieve an AED. Activated citizen responders received a survey where they reported whether they arrived before Emergency Medical Services (EMS) and defibrillated the patient. Results: Of 433 consecutive OHCAs included, 354 (81.8%) were residential OHCAs. Compared with citizen responders in public locations, those in residential areas were a median of 100m further away from OHCAs but were equally likely to arrive before EMS (~40% of both residential and public OHCAs). A total of 9.3% (33 of 354) of all residential OHCAs were bystander defibrillated. Citizen responders were responsible for 75.8% (25 out of 33) of all bystander defibrillated OHCAs in residential areas compared to 50.0% (13 out of 26) of all bystander defibrillated OHCAs in public areas (Table 1). Conclusions: Dispatched citizen responders arrived before EMS in 40.1% (142 of 354) of all residential OHCAs and performed three out of four of all bystander defibrillated OHCAs in residential areas.

Abstract5‐GHz‐band wireless access systems, such as the RLAN (Radio Local Area Network) system of IEEE 802.11a, HiperLAN/2, HiSWANa, and AWA, are deployed for indoor use at transmission rates over 20 Mbps. These 5‐GHz access systems are expected to extend service areas from the office to the so‐called “hot spots” in public areas. Underground shopping malls are one type of service area where the application of such nomadic wireless access service can be expected. In order to design radio zone configurations, it is necessary to know broadband propagation characteristics of an underground mall environment even if results obtained by previous measurements in the narrow band are available.This paper presents results of an experimental study on the propagation characteristics for broadband wireless access systems in an underground mall environment. First, broadband propagation path losses are measured and formulated considering the shadowing by human body. A ray trace simulation is used to clarify the basic propagation mechanism in such a closed environment. Next, it was determined that values of the delay spread at different distances during rush hour periods did not exceed 65 ns, which is lower than the permitted maximum value of the present 5‐GHz systems. The final conclusion is that the above propagation characteristics corroborate results of transmission tests carried out by using the AWA equipment. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 152(3): 55–64, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.20059

Antioxidants can scavenge free radicals in the human body and have been associated with a protective effect on the human body against a variety of diseases. As a part of normal cellular function, free radical production occurs continuously within the body at a cellular level. Excess-free radical production from endogenous or exogenous sources may result in a variety of diseases. Vitamins (A, C, and E), carotenoids, polyphenols, and flavonoids are some examples of common natural antioxidants. Among the different antioxidants quercetin, curcumin, and ascorbic acids have been extensively studied, and numerous reports on their antioxidant activity are available in the literature. Antioxidants are regarded as a key player in the current pandemic situation, and they play a key role as a preventive and controlling tool. There are a variety of herbal formulations and immune booster therapies available, many of which claim to contain various antioxidants and are effective against covid-19. Numerous herbal formulations and immune booster therapies are available and claimed to have different antioxidants and other constituents. In the present study simple, rapid, accurate, precise, and sensitive high-performance thin-layer chromatographic analytical method was developed for simultaneous estimation of quercetin, curcumin, and ascorbic acid. The developed method can effectively employ for different polyherbal formulations. The developed method was validated according to ICH guidelines. In the present study, an aluminum plate precoated with 60F 254 silica gel was used as a stationary phase whereas chloroform: ethyl acetate: formic acid (6:6:2.5 v/v/v) was used as a mobile phase. Chromatographic detection was performed with a Camag TLC scanner at 265 nm. The linearity range for the proposed method was found to be 500–1000 ng/band for all three analytes. The antioxidant potentiality of selected antioxidants was evaluated by an optimized UV visible spectroscopic-reducing power method. The reducing power method was optimized for the concentration and volume of reagent, incubation temperature, and time. The results of the study revealed that quercetin is having the best antioxidant potential compared to curcumin and ascorbic acid.

Examining who benefited from green infrastructure during the coronavirus pandemic in 2020: Considering the issues of access to green areas from socioeconomic and environmental perspectives

The process of shaping place in the residential area occurs on sustainability. Although in the area of planned settlement, changes always take place in the process of shaping place. This study was conducted to observe the changes and how the process can increasing Livable Neighborhood. The variables of change are management strategies, public areas, and activity generators, planning strategies, and design strategies. The results found that it takes cooperation between housing stakeholders to create a livable neighborhood.

The city of Zaporizhzhya is one of the most technologically advanced cities in Ukraine with significant scientific, technical and production potential. The city's industry is based on the metallurgical complex, which has a great influence on the state of the atmospheric air. This problem is of particular relevance in the Zavodskoy and Voznesenovsky districts of the city with a significant concentration of ferrous and non-ferrous metallurgy enterprises, which certainly emphasizes the relevance of solving issues of protecting the health of the population living in these areas.
 The article examines the assessment of the carcinogenic risk to the health of the population of the Zavodskoy and Voznesenovsky districts from the impact of formaldehyde emissions.
 The composition of emissions from stationary sources of industrial enterprises contains a variety of chemical compounds, of which the most common are suspended matter (aerosols, dust), carbon monoxide (II), nitrogen oxide (IV), formaldehyde and others. Their ingress into the human body leads to a deterioration in health, damage to organs and systems, the occurrence of chronic diseases.
 The results of calculations of the individual and population carcinogenic risk to the health of the population in Zavodskoy and Voznesenovsky districts under acute and chronic exposure indicate an average level of risk (10-4<ICR<10-3), that is, acceptable for professional groups and unacceptable for the general population, typical for most large industrial cities. The emergence of such a risk requires the development and implementation of planned health measures.
 Comparing the average individual carcinogenic and population levels of risk to public health in the two study areas with acute and chronic exposure, it can be noted that the level of carcinogenic risk in Voznesenovsky district is higher than in Zavodskoy.

The intensification of global heat wave events is seriously affecting residents' emotional health. Based on social media big data, our research explored the spatial pattern of residents' sentiments during heat waves (SDHW). Besides, their association with urban functional areas (UFAs) was analyzed using the Apriori algorithm of association rule mining. It was found that SDHW in Beijing were characterized by obvious spatial clustering, with hot spots predominately dispersed in urban areas and far suburbs, and cold spots mainly clustered in near suburbs. As for the associations with urban function areas, green space and park areas had significant effects on the positive sentiment in the study area, while a higher percentage of industrial areas had a greater impact on negative SDHW. When it comes to combined UFAs, our results revealed that the green space and park area combined with other functional areas was more closely related to positive SDHW, indicating the significance of promoting positive sentiment. Subdistricts with a lower percentage of residential and traffic areas may have a more negative sentiment. There were two main combined UFAs that have greater impacts on SDHW: the combination of residential and industrial areas, and the combination of residential and public areas. This study contributes to the understanding of improving community planning and governance when heat waves increase, building healthy cities, and enhancing urban emergency management.

Dark earths and the human built landscape in Amazonia: a widespread pattern of anthrosol formation