Development of HPTLC method for the simultaneous estimation of quercetin, curcumin, and ascorbic acid in herbal formulations

Metabolism of L-Ascorbic Acid-l-14C in Guinea Pigs with Alimentary Cholesterol Atheromatosis

1. Ascorbate Biosynthesis in Plants, Fungi and Animals. 2. Ascorbic Acid Catabolism- Breakdown Pathways and Products in Plants and Animals. 3. Application of Biotechnology to Ascorbic Acid Manufacture. 4. Ascorbic Acid and Oxidative Stress/ Photoprotection in Plants. 5. Ascorbic Acid and Plant Growth. 6. Ascorbic Acid Uptake and Transport. 7. Membrane Redox Proteins involved in Ascorbate-Mediated Reactions. 8. Ascorbic Acid Recycling. 9. How does Ascorbic Acid Prevent Scurvy? 10. Function of Ascorbic Acid as an Antioxidant. 11. Ascorbic Acid and DNA Damage/ Antioxidant Pro-oxidant Effects of Ascorbate. 12. Ascorbic Acid and Aging. 13. Ascorbic Acid in the Central Nervous System.14. Ascorbic Acid and Inflammation. 15. Ascorbic Acid as an Antioxidant in Atherosclerosis. 16. What Intake of Vitamin C is Required for Optimal Human Health?

Vitamin C, also known as ascorbic acid is essential nutrients that cannot produce in human body and meet up through diet. Jute leaves contain L-ascorbic acid. The amount of L-ascorbic is unknown in different varieties developed by Bangladesh Jute Research Institute. L-ascorbic acid content is affected by cooking or processing and preservation. Therefore, the experiment was conducted to investigate the content of vitamin C in the fresh jute leaves as well as the effect of cooking and preservation methods on L-ascorbic acid content in jute leaves. Fresh jute leaves of different varieties contain different amount of L-ascorbic acid 0.39g/10g to 0.64g/10g in Corchorus olitorius and 0.64g/10g to 0.92g/10g in Corchorus capsularis. C. capsularis contain more amount of L-ascorbic acid than the C. olitorius. Jute leaves of C. olitorius retain 95% L-ascorbic acid and C. capsularis retain 62% L-ascorbic acid after 15 min of boiling. Vinegar soaking leaves release more L- ascorbic acid by 5 min than the fresh leaves and then the L-ascorbic acid content was reduced by 15 min in both the species. Spraying vinegar treatment releases more L-ascorbic acid and increasing up-to 30 min treatment. Both oven dried and cold dried leaves retain small amount of L-ascorbic acid. L-ascorbic acid content was reduced in preserved jute leaf tea and soup powder also in both species. Usually, leafy vegetables are cooked before consumption and sometimes preserved vegetables are consumed when fresh vegetables may not available. So, this study may be useful to know the actual intake of L-ascorbic acid from the processed or preserved jute leaves.

Flow injection analysis-amperometric determination of ascorbic and uric acids in urine using arrays of gold microelectrodes modified by electrodeposition of palladium

This study evaluates the synergistic antioxidants effects of extracts of Massularia acuminata and ascorbic acid in aluminum chloride-treated oxidative stress in wistar albino rats with a view to investigate the preventive potential of co-administration of Massularia acuminata and ascorbic acids. The in vivo antioxidant properties of the extract were evaluated using in vivo catalase activity, superoxide dismutase activity and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances assay by standard methods via spectrophotometry. The in vivo studies were carried out on rats, grouped majorly into positive control, negative control and the treated groups. The positive control group was administered with normal saline (distilled water) orally, while the negative control group was orally induced with the toxicant (aluminium chloride). The treated group was orally administered with the extract after toxicant administration. Ascorbic acid was used as standard antioxidant in the study. The effects on enzymatic antioxidants and lipid indices were evaluated. Forty healthy Wistar rats sub-grouped into ten (10) groups were induced with aluminum chloride. Some rats were treated with ascorbic acid which is a well-known antioxidant, while others were treated with various extracts of Massularia acuminata (Pako Ijebu) at various doses. The experiment is designed as follows: in Group 1, animals were used as control group. Animals in Group 2 were the toxicant-treated groups administered with AlCl3 (34 mg/kg body weight). Ascorbic acid treated groups are the standard control (group 3) administered with 200 mg/kg body weight. Animals in Group 4 were co-treated with AlCl3 and Ascorbic acid (34 mg/kg aluminum chloride and 200 mg/kg body weight of ascorbic acid). Animals in group 5 were co-administered with ethanolic extract (50 mg/kg body weight) of Massularia acuminata and AlCl3 (34 mg/kg body weight), respectively. Animals in group 6 were also co-treated and administered with ethanolic extract of Massularia acuminate (100 mg/kg body weight) and AlCl3, respectively. Experimental animals in group 7 were equally co-administered with methanolic extract of Massularia acuminate (50 mg/kg body weight) and AlCl3, respectively. Animals in group 8 were co-administered with methanolic extract of Massularia acuminate (100 mg/kg body weight) and AlCl3, respectively. Group 9 animals were co-administered with butanolic extracts of Massularia acuminata (50 mg/kg body weight) and AlCl3, respectively. Group 10 experimental animals were also co-administered with butanolic extract of Massularia acuminate (100 mg/kg body weight) and AlCl3, respectively. At the end of the experiment, the animal was sacrificed after three weeks by cervical dislocation after they were immobilized using chloroform. Results show that ethanolic and methanolic extracts of Massularia acuminata contain antioxidant properties. Both doses of ethanolic extract dose (50 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg body weight) group of methanol extract also reduced the level of MDA but not as ascorbic acid group. Both doses of methanolic extract of Masssularia acuminata act contrariwise from other extracts in that they show the highest level of malonaldehyde even more than AlCl3. The results of superoxide dismutase (SOD) assay test in this study show that the control group, ascorbic acid combined with AlCl3 group, 50 mg/kg body weight of ethanolic extract. Both doses of methanolic extract groups have the same comparative value of SOD. The group treated with toxicant (aluminum chloride) and ascorbic group has similar relative value. The group treated with 50 mg/kg body weight of butanolic extract shows the highest value of superoxide dismutase activity that follow closely by 100 mg/kg of ethanolic extract group. The study concluded that Massularia acuminata, like ascorbic acids, can induced antioxidant enzymes such as SOD and CAT in aluminium chloride-induced oxidative stressed rats. It may therefore be used to protect the body against any pathological attacks from free radical and oxidative insults.

Final Report of the Safety Assessment of L-Ascorbic Acid, Calcium Ascorbate, Magnesium Ascorbate, Magnesium Ascorbyl Phosphate, Sodium Ascorbate, and Sodium Ascorbyl Phosphate as Used in Cosmetics1

Background: Babbularishta is an Ayurvedic medicine in liquid form used for the treatment of phthisis, skin diseases, urinary disorders, and breathing problems. It is also beneficial in cases of blood disorders, acne, dermatitis, hemoptysis, lung injury, asthma, persistent cough, whooping cough, etc. Objective: The functional role of this study is to develop a simple, novel, precise, accurate, reliable, and selective RP-HPLC method for the estimation of piperine content in herbal drug formulations (Babbularista). Methods: A traditional approach to method development could fail to meet the desired separation. Consideration of the current regulatory requirement for analytical method development and RP-HPLC method for routine analysis of piperine in the herbal formulation has been optimized using an analytical Quality by Design (QbD) approach. Three laboratory formulations and three marketed preparations of Babularishta were investigated for organoleptic parameters, physicochemical parameters, and validation. The mobile phase composition (methanol and water % as A), pH (B), and flow rate (mL/min as C) were selected as independent variable. In contrast, retention time (min. as Y2), area (AU as Y1) is selected as dependent variables. Results: The fingerprinting method was developed and optimized by using the AQbD approach. Piperine content was found to be in Piper nigrum (Marica) 3.01 ± 0.01527% w/w and in Piper longum (Pipali) 2.74 ± 0.01154% w/w in Babbularista. Conclusion: An attempt has been made to develop quality control parameters of Babbularista by developing a suitable and sensitive HPLC methods for the quantitation of piperine in herbal drug formulations (Babbularista). The developed method was found to be simple, accurate, precise, and economical for the estimation of piperine in herbal formulations. Highlights: The novelty of the current research work lies in developing and optimizing the RPHPLC method by the AQbD approach for the estimation of piperine content in herbal formulations, Babbularista.

The apoplastic fluid of pine (Pinus pinaster Aiton) hypocotyls contains ascorbic acid (AA) and dehydroascorbic acid (DHA). The amounts of ascorbic and dehydroascorbic acids were in the nmol (g fresh weight)−1 range and decreased with the hypocotyl age as well as along the hypocotyl axis. The ratio AA/(AA+DHA) also decreased with the hypocotyl age and along the hypocotyl. Both ascorbic oxidase and peroxidase activity against ascorbic acid showed very low activity not only in the apoplastic fluid but also in the fractions ionically and covalently bound to the cell walls. However, the peroxidase activity in the three abovementioned fractions was strongly increased in the presence of ferulic acid. That stimulation effect increased with the hypocotyl age and from the apical towards the basal region of the hypocotyls of 10‐day‐old seedlings. Furthermore, the oxidation of ferulic acid by apoplastic and ionically‐ and covalently‐bound peroxidases was inhibited by ascorbic acid as long as ascorbate was available. A regulatory role of apoplastic ascorbic acid levels in the formation of dehydrodiferulic bridges between wall polysaccharides catalysed by cell wall peroxidases and thus in the cell wall stiffening during plant growth is proposed.

The role of ascorbic acid as a key molecule antioxidant involves in biotic and abiotic stress has already been well described. Recent study indicates that it also participates in the detoxification of generated reactive oxygen species due to abiotic stresses. Thus, In order to study effects of salt stress and ascorbic acid on antioxidant enzyme activity, chlorophyll content, lipid peroxidation and abscisic acid accumulation of bean an experiment was conducted. The exogenous application of ascorbic acid in nutrition solution of bean plants indicated that later is involve in reduction of antioxidant enzyme activity and increase of resistance to salt stress. We observed that antioxidant enzyme activity increased due to salt stress and ascorbic acid via eliminating of reactive oxygen species decreased activities. Moreover, abscisic acid and lipid peroxidation were affected of salt stress. Increase of ascorbic acid concentration at 100 mM NaCl treatment prevented of lipid peroxidation and decreased generation of malondialdehyde as final product of peroxidation of membrane lipids. However, at high level of salinity, ascorbic acid did not significant effect on reduction of lipid peroxidation. Whereas, chlorophyll content decreased by reactive oxygen species. Ascorbic acid increased chlorophyll content at all of stressed and non-stressed treatments. Abscisic acid assay showed that, accumulation of this hormone increased under salt stress treatments and raise of ascorbic acid concentration in nutrition solution of stressed plants prevented of abscisic acid accumulation. Our data provide strong support to the hypothesis that exogenous of ascorbic acid reduces the harmful effects of salinity and increases resistance to salinity in bean plant.

Withania somnifera has been used in Ayurvedic medicine for treatment of depression and inflammation, and as an aphrodisiac. It contains many phytochemicals such as Withaferine A, withanine, anahygrine, tropine, and withanolides. Of these, withaferine A is considered to be the most active compound. Withaferine A was estimated in herbal extract and polyherbal formulations by high performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC). As there is no official HPTLC protocol for quantitation of the above phytochemicals, an attempt was made to quantify withaferine A in herbal extract and polyherbal formulations produced from Withania somnifera. Precoated silica gel G (aluminium backed) plates were used as stationary phase and toluene:ethyl acetate: formic acid (50 : 15 : 5) was used as mobile phase. Detection and quantification were performed by densitometry at λ 213 nm. The linear range was 1 μg to 3 μg. This HPTLC method was found to be reproducible, accurate, and precise.

We examined whether gastric mucosal ascorbic acid status changes with the formation, progression, and recovery of acute gastric mucosal lesions in rats treated with compound 48/80, a mast cell degranulator. Fasted Wistar rats received a single intraperitoneal injection of compound 48/80 (0.75 mg/kg). Apparent gastric mucosal lesions occurred 0.5 h after compound 48/80 treatment, progressed gastric mucosal lesions were observed at 3 h, and a partial recovery of the progressed lesions was found at 6 h. The gastric mucosal concentrations of total and reduced ascorbic acids in compound 48/80-treated rats decreased to approximately 60% of the levels of untreated rats at 3 h after the treatment but the decreased concentrations of total and reduced ascorbic acids were almost completely returned to the levels of untreated rats at 6 h. The gastric mucosal concentration of oxidized ascorbic acid in compound 48/80-treated rats showed little change. The serum concentrations of total and reduced ascorbic acids in compound 48/80-treated rats increased at 0.5 h after the treatment and further increased at 3 h but the increased concentrations of total and reduced ascorbic acids were almost completely returned to the levels of untreated rats at 6 h. The serum concentration of oxidized ascorbic acid in compound 48/80-treated rats increased transiently at 0.5 h after the treatment. The hepatic concentrations of total. reduced, and oxidized ascorbic acids in compound 48/80-treated rats increased 3 h after the treatment, but these increases were not observed at 6 h. These results indicate that gastric mucosal ascorbic acid status is disrupted with the progression of acute gastric mucosal lesions in rats treated with compound 48/80.

Use of transferrin and EPR to probe the in vitro digestive chemistry of iron

The banning of bromates and the substitution of ascorbic acid as flour improver in 1997, generated a lot of controversy among bakers and flour milling industries in Ghana. This research was carried out to investigate the effects of ascorbic acid on wheat-bread characteristics. Various levels of ascorbic acid and bromate were used in the bread production to compare critical functional properties of bread. The results showed that the specific volume of the loaves increased from 2.80 cm3/g (control) to 3.86 cm3/g at ascorbic acid concentration of 250.0 mg/kg beyond which no significant increases were observed. Loaf tenderness was found to increase with increasing ascorbic acid concentration registering the least value of hardness (2.2 N) at an ascorbic acid level of 500.0 mg/kg. Capillarity, which is an inverse measure of vesicular size of the loaves, decreased with increasing loaf volume registering the least value (3.40 gWater/gLoaf) at the highest loaf volume of 481.70 cm3 at ascorbic acid level of 250.0 mg/kg. Crust thickness of the loaves also followed an inverse relation with loaf volume. The use of ascorbic acid as a flour improver was found to correlate well with the controversial potassium bromate within its accepted levels in terms of the various bread characteristics at correlation coefficient values of 0.85, 0.95, 0.99 and 0.80 for the specific volume, capillarity, tenderness, and crust thickness registered, respectively. JOURNAL OF THE GHANA SCIENCE ASSOCIATION Volume 2 No. 2 (2000) pp. 10-15

The determination of the real concentration in different pharmaceutical drugs represents a very important goal of the pharmaceutical industry. The main aim of the study was to set up a simple, cheap and rapid method in order to determine both ascorbic and acetylsalicylic acid content of effervescent tablets that could be found on the pharmaceutical market, without preliminary separation or extraction. For this purpose, a very simple and reliable clock method based on two Landolt-type systems of reactions, based on potentiometric techniques, has been developed. The method has been tested on different effervescent tablets which contain ascorbic acid and acetylsalicylic acid in different mixture ratio.

Soybean is very sensitive plant