New Method for Simultaneous Determination of Ascorbic and Acetylsalicylic Acids in Effervescent Tablets

High performance liquid chromatography–photodiode array (HPLC–PDA) method has been employed for the simultaneous determination of vitamin C (ascorbic acid) and aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid) in aspirin C effervescent tablets. Chromatographic separation of ascorbic acid (AA) and acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) was performed by reversed–phase using a Betasil C18 column with particle size of 3 µm, 150 mm × 4.6 mm I.D. Optimum separation was achieved in isocratic mode with a binary mobile phase (mixture of water and acetonitrile with 0.1% of formic acid, 75:25, v/v) at a flow rate of 1.0 mL min−1. Recovery of the target compounds was obtained more than 98% with good quality parameters: linearity (r 2 > 0.997), limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) values between 1.4 × 10−3 and 5.1 × 10−4 mg mL−1, and intra-day and interday precisions with relative standard deviation (RSD) lower than 2.1%. The content of the analyzed samples ascorbic and acetylsalicylic acid was found 238.23 and 393.49 mg, respectively, which are very close to the label claimed by the manufacturer in aspirin C effervescent tablets. Therefore, this method can be proposed for routine analysis of these compounds in aspirin C effervescent tablets.

Metabolism of L-Ascorbic Acid-l-14C in Guinea Pigs with Alimentary Cholesterol Atheromatosis

An HPLC technique for the simultaneous quantitative determination of components in antigrippin - a medicinal complex mixture containing ascorbic acid, paracetamol, and chlorpheniramine maleate - has been developed. Optimum conditions are determined for the chromatographic separation of low-retention impurity (4-aminophenol) and ascorbic acid on a Symmetry C18 column. The proposed method provides high sensitivity and speed of analysis and ensures accurate and reproducible results in the quantitative determination of active components (ascorbic acid, paracetamol and chlorpheniramine maleate), rated toxic impurities (4-aminophenol), and auxiliary components (sodium saccharinate) in antigrippin effervescent tablets for children and adults.

A new, simple, and cost-effective TLC-densitometric method has been established for the simultaneous quantitative determination of acetylsalicylic acid and ascorbic acid in combined effervescent tablets. Separation was performed on aluminum silica gel 60F254 plates using chloroform-ethanol-glacial acid at a volume ratio of 5:4:0.03 as the mobile phase. UV densitometry was performed in absorbance mode at 200 nm and 268 nm for acetylsalicylic acid and ascorbic acid, respectively. The presented method was validated as per ICH guidelines by specificity, linearity, accuracy, precision, limit of detection, limit of quantification, and robustness. Method validations indicate a good sensitivity with a low value of LOD and LOQ of both examined active substances. The linearity range was found to be 1.50–9.00 μg/spot and 1.50–13.50 μg/spot for acetylsalicylic and ascorbic acid, respectively. A coefficient of variation that was less than 3% confirms the satisfactory accuracy and precision of the proposed method. The results of the assay of combined tablet formulation equal 97.1% and 101.6% in relation to the label claim that acetylsalicylic acid and ascorbic acid fulfill pharmacopoeial requirements. The developed TLC-densitometric method can be suitable for the routine simultaneous analysis of acetylsalicylic acid and ascorbic acid in combined pharmaceutical formulations. The proposed TLC-densitometry may be an alternative method to the modern high-performance liquid chromatography in the quality control of above-mentioned substances, and it can be applied when HPLC or GC is not affordable in the laboratory.

1. Ascorbate Biosynthesis in Plants, Fungi and Animals. 2. Ascorbic Acid Catabolism- Breakdown Pathways and Products in Plants and Animals. 3. Application of Biotechnology to Ascorbic Acid Manufacture. 4. Ascorbic Acid and Oxidative Stress/ Photoprotection in Plants. 5. Ascorbic Acid and Plant Growth. 6. Ascorbic Acid Uptake and Transport. 7. Membrane Redox Proteins involved in Ascorbate-Mediated Reactions. 8. Ascorbic Acid Recycling. 9. How does Ascorbic Acid Prevent Scurvy? 10. Function of Ascorbic Acid as an Antioxidant. 11. Ascorbic Acid and DNA Damage/ Antioxidant Pro-oxidant Effects of Ascorbate. 12. Ascorbic Acid and Aging. 13. Ascorbic Acid in the Central Nervous System.14. Ascorbic Acid and Inflammation. 15. Ascorbic Acid as an Antioxidant in Atherosclerosis. 16. What Intake of Vitamin C is Required for Optimal Human Health?

The banning of bromates and the substitution of ascorbic acid as flour improver in 1997, generated a lot of controversy among bakers and flour milling industries in Ghana. This research was carried out to investigate the effects of ascorbic acid on wheat-bread characteristics. Various levels of ascorbic acid and bromate were used in the bread production to compare critical functional properties of bread. The results showed that the specific volume of the loaves increased from 2.80 cm3/g (control) to 3.86 cm3/g at ascorbic acid concentration of 250.0 mg/kg beyond which no significant increases were observed. Loaf tenderness was found to increase with increasing ascorbic acid concentration registering the least value of hardness (2.2 N) at an ascorbic acid level of 500.0 mg/kg. Capillarity, which is an inverse measure of vesicular size of the loaves, decreased with increasing loaf volume registering the least value (3.40 gWater/gLoaf) at the highest loaf volume of 481.70 cm3 at ascorbic acid level of 250.0 mg/kg. Crust thickness of the loaves also followed an inverse relation with loaf volume. The use of ascorbic acid as a flour improver was found to correlate well with the controversial potassium bromate within its accepted levels in terms of the various bread characteristics at correlation coefficient values of 0.85, 0.95, 0.99 and 0.80 for the specific volume, capillarity, tenderness, and crust thickness registered, respectively. JOURNAL OF THE GHANA SCIENCE ASSOCIATION Volume 2 No. 2 (2000) pp. 10-15

Simultaneous determination of ascorbic acid (AA), acetylsalicylic acid (ASP) and paracetamol (PAR) in their synthetic mixtures and effervescent tablets were performed by Haar and Mexican continuous wavelet transforms (HAAR-CWT and MEXH-CWT, respectively) together with double divisor technique. The signal processing methods are based on the application of HAAR-CWT and MEXH-CWT to the double divisor-ratio spectra (DDRS). These spectra were obtained by dividing the absorption spectra of pure compound and its ternary mixtures by a double-divisor or standard spectrum corresponding to a mixture of two compounds in ternary mixture. A combined use of HAAR-CWT and MEXH-CWT with double divisor-ratio spectra (DDRS) was denoted by DDRS-HAAR CWT and DDRS-MEXH CWT. To check the ability or applicability of the developed DDRS-CWT methods, the double divisor-ratio spectra-derivative spectrophotometric (DDRS-DS) method, as a comparison method, was applied to the above mentioned samples containing AA, ASP and PAR and satisfactory results were obtained.

Flow injection analysis-amperometric determination of ascorbic and uric acids in urine using arrays of gold microelectrodes modified by electrodeposition of palladium

This study evaluates the synergistic antioxidants effects of extracts of Massularia acuminata and ascorbic acid in aluminum chloride-treated oxidative stress in wistar albino rats with a view to investigate the preventive potential of co-administration of Massularia acuminata and ascorbic acids. The in vivo antioxidant properties of the extract were evaluated using in vivo catalase activity, superoxide dismutase activity and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances assay by standard methods via spectrophotometry. The in vivo studies were carried out on rats, grouped majorly into positive control, negative control and the treated groups. The positive control group was administered with normal saline (distilled water) orally, while the negative control group was orally induced with the toxicant (aluminium chloride). The treated group was orally administered with the extract after toxicant administration. Ascorbic acid was used as standard antioxidant in the study. The effects on enzymatic antioxidants and lipid indices were evaluated. Forty healthy Wistar rats sub-grouped into ten (10) groups were induced with aluminum chloride. Some rats were treated with ascorbic acid which is a well-known antioxidant, while others were treated with various extracts of Massularia acuminata (Pako Ijebu) at various doses. The experiment is designed as follows: in Group 1, animals were used as control group. Animals in Group 2 were the toxicant-treated groups administered with AlCl3 (34 mg/kg body weight). Ascorbic acid treated groups are the standard control (group 3) administered with 200 mg/kg body weight. Animals in Group 4 were co-treated with AlCl3 and Ascorbic acid (34 mg/kg aluminum chloride and 200 mg/kg body weight of ascorbic acid). Animals in group 5 were co-administered with ethanolic extract (50 mg/kg body weight) of Massularia acuminata and AlCl3 (34 mg/kg body weight), respectively. Animals in group 6 were also co-treated and administered with ethanolic extract of Massularia acuminate (100 mg/kg body weight) and AlCl3, respectively. Experimental animals in group 7 were equally co-administered with methanolic extract of Massularia acuminate (50 mg/kg body weight) and AlCl3, respectively. Animals in group 8 were co-administered with methanolic extract of Massularia acuminate (100 mg/kg body weight) and AlCl3, respectively. Group 9 animals were co-administered with butanolic extracts of Massularia acuminata (50 mg/kg body weight) and AlCl3, respectively. Group 10 experimental animals were also co-administered with butanolic extract of Massularia acuminate (100 mg/kg body weight) and AlCl3, respectively. At the end of the experiment, the animal was sacrificed after three weeks by cervical dislocation after they were immobilized using chloroform. Results show that ethanolic and methanolic extracts of Massularia acuminata contain antioxidant properties. Both doses of ethanolic extract dose (50 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg body weight) group of methanol extract also reduced the level of MDA but not as ascorbic acid group. Both doses of methanolic extract of Masssularia acuminata act contrariwise from other extracts in that they show the highest level of malonaldehyde even more than AlCl3. The results of superoxide dismutase (SOD) assay test in this study show that the control group, ascorbic acid combined with AlCl3 group, 50 mg/kg body weight of ethanolic extract. Both doses of methanolic extract groups have the same comparative value of SOD. The group treated with toxicant (aluminum chloride) and ascorbic group has similar relative value. The group treated with 50 mg/kg body weight of butanolic extract shows the highest value of superoxide dismutase activity that follow closely by 100 mg/kg of ethanolic extract group. The study concluded that Massularia acuminata, like ascorbic acids, can induced antioxidant enzymes such as SOD and CAT in aluminium chloride-induced oxidative stressed rats. It may therefore be used to protect the body against any pathological attacks from free radical and oxidative insults.

Antioxidants can scavenge free radicals in the human body and have been associated with a protective effect on the human body against a variety of diseases. As a part of normal cellular function, free radical production occurs continuously within the body at a cellular level. Excess-free radical production from endogenous or exogenous sources may result in a variety of diseases. Vitamins (A, C, and E), carotenoids, polyphenols, and flavonoids are some examples of common natural antioxidants. Among the different antioxidants quercetin, curcumin, and ascorbic acids have been extensively studied, and numerous reports on their antioxidant activity are available in the literature. Antioxidants are regarded as a key player in the current pandemic situation, and they play a key role as a preventive and controlling tool. There are a variety of herbal formulations and immune booster therapies available, many of which claim to contain various antioxidants and are effective against covid-19. Numerous herbal formulations and immune booster therapies are available and claimed to have different antioxidants and other constituents. In the present study simple, rapid, accurate, precise, and sensitive high-performance thin-layer chromatographic analytical method was developed for simultaneous estimation of quercetin, curcumin, and ascorbic acid. The developed method can effectively employ for different polyherbal formulations. The developed method was validated according to ICH guidelines. In the present study, an aluminum plate precoated with 60F 254 silica gel was used as a stationary phase whereas chloroform: ethyl acetate: formic acid (6:6:2.5 v/v/v) was used as a mobile phase. Chromatographic detection was performed with a Camag TLC scanner at 265 nm. The linearity range for the proposed method was found to be 500–1000 ng/band for all three analytes. The antioxidant potentiality of selected antioxidants was evaluated by an optimized UV visible spectroscopic-reducing power method. The reducing power method was optimized for the concentration and volume of reagent, incubation temperature, and time. The results of the study revealed that quercetin is having the best antioxidant potential compared to curcumin and ascorbic acid.

Final Report of the Safety Assessment of L-Ascorbic Acid, Calcium Ascorbate, Magnesium Ascorbate, Magnesium Ascorbyl Phosphate, Sodium Ascorbate, and Sodium Ascorbyl Phosphate as Used in Cosmetics1

Soybean is very sensitive plant

The role of ascorbic acid as a key molecule antioxidant involves in biotic and abiotic stress has already been well described. Recent study indicates that it also participates in the detoxification of generated reactive oxygen species due to abiotic stresses. Thus, In order to study effects of salt stress and ascorbic acid on antioxidant enzyme activity, chlorophyll content, lipid peroxidation and abscisic acid accumulation of bean an experiment was conducted. The exogenous application of ascorbic acid in nutrition solution of bean plants indicated that later is involve in reduction of antioxidant enzyme activity and increase of resistance to salt stress. We observed that antioxidant enzyme activity increased due to salt stress and ascorbic acid via eliminating of reactive oxygen species decreased activities. Moreover, abscisic acid and lipid peroxidation were affected of salt stress. Increase of ascorbic acid concentration at 100 mM NaCl treatment prevented of lipid peroxidation and decreased generation of malondialdehyde as final product of peroxidation of membrane lipids. However, at high level of salinity, ascorbic acid did not significant effect on reduction of lipid peroxidation. Whereas, chlorophyll content decreased by reactive oxygen species. Ascorbic acid increased chlorophyll content at all of stressed and non-stressed treatments. Abscisic acid assay showed that, accumulation of this hormone increased under salt stress treatments and raise of ascorbic acid concentration in nutrition solution of stressed plants prevented of abscisic acid accumulation. Our data provide strong support to the hypothesis that exogenous of ascorbic acid reduces the harmful effects of salinity and increases resistance to salinity in bean plant.

The apoplastic fluid of pine (Pinus pinaster Aiton) hypocotyls contains ascorbic acid (AA) and dehydroascorbic acid (DHA). The amounts of ascorbic and dehydroascorbic acids were in the nmol (g fresh weight)−1 range and decreased with the hypocotyl age as well as along the hypocotyl axis. The ratio AA/(AA+DHA) also decreased with the hypocotyl age and along the hypocotyl. Both ascorbic oxidase and peroxidase activity against ascorbic acid showed very low activity not only in the apoplastic fluid but also in the fractions ionically and covalently bound to the cell walls. However, the peroxidase activity in the three abovementioned fractions was strongly increased in the presence of ferulic acid. That stimulation effect increased with the hypocotyl age and from the apical towards the basal region of the hypocotyls of 10‐day‐old seedlings. Furthermore, the oxidation of ferulic acid by apoplastic and ionically‐ and covalently‐bound peroxidases was inhibited by ascorbic acid as long as ascorbate was available. A regulatory role of apoplastic ascorbic acid levels in the formation of dehydrodiferulic bridges between wall polysaccharides catalysed by cell wall peroxidases and thus in the cell wall stiffening during plant growth is proposed.

We examined whether gastric mucosal ascorbic acid status changes with the formation, progression, and recovery of acute gastric mucosal lesions in rats treated with compound 48/80, a mast cell degranulator. Fasted Wistar rats received a single intraperitoneal injection of compound 48/80 (0.75 mg/kg). Apparent gastric mucosal lesions occurred 0.5 h after compound 48/80 treatment, progressed gastric mucosal lesions were observed at 3 h, and a partial recovery of the progressed lesions was found at 6 h. The gastric mucosal concentrations of total and reduced ascorbic acids in compound 48/80-treated rats decreased to approximately 60% of the levels of untreated rats at 3 h after the treatment but the decreased concentrations of total and reduced ascorbic acids were almost completely returned to the levels of untreated rats at 6 h. The gastric mucosal concentration of oxidized ascorbic acid in compound 48/80-treated rats showed little change. The serum concentrations of total and reduced ascorbic acids in compound 48/80-treated rats increased at 0.5 h after the treatment and further increased at 3 h but the increased concentrations of total and reduced ascorbic acids were almost completely returned to the levels of untreated rats at 6 h. The serum concentration of oxidized ascorbic acid in compound 48/80-treated rats increased transiently at 0.5 h after the treatment. The hepatic concentrations of total. reduced, and oxidized ascorbic acids in compound 48/80-treated rats increased 3 h after the treatment, but these increases were not observed at 6 h. These results indicate that gastric mucosal ascorbic acid status is disrupted with the progression of acute gastric mucosal lesions in rats treated with compound 48/80.