ДИВЕРСИФІКАЦІЯ ЯК СТРАТЕГІЧНИЙ НАПРЯМ СТАЛОГО РОЗВИТКУ ПІДПРИЄМСТВ АГРАРНОГО СЕКТОРУ ЕКОНОМІКИ

Currently, the sustainability and competitiveness of the national economy significantly depend on the use of innovative technologies. This applies to all sectors of the Russian economy, primarily agriculture, which is related to the country's food security. Therefore, the problem of increasing the innovative activity of modern agricultural enterprises is an urgent task. It is noted that the industry has accumulated many problems that hinder innovation processes: a low level of localization of agricultural production, insufficient investment potential, Western sanctions and restrictions. It is proposed to solve these problems by developing an integrated and systematic approach to assess the level of innovation activity of agricultural enterprises in order to identify the dynamic characteristics of innovation processes. Specific recommendations are given for a number of business entities in the agricultural sector of the Volga-Gradskaya region. The novelty of the author's approach is reflected in a differentiated approach to the analysis of innovative activity of enterprises of various subsystems of the agro-industrial complex in the perspective of synchronization of innovation processes at all levels of the ecosystem. Through analysis and a systematic approach, the main characteristics of the region's innovation activities have been identified, innovative changes in agricultural enterprises have been investigated, and ways of their further development have been identified. The author's approach can help determine the real state and dynamics of innovation development in the agricultural sector of the region. The presented conclusions can be used in the implementation of the innovation policy of the region, the introduction of innovative technologies in agricultural production.

The subject of the study is the economic efficiency of the use of land resources by agricultural enterprises. Methodology. The research was conducted using general scientific methods, in particular: theoretical generalization, methods of positive and normative analysis, statistical analysis. The goal is to analyze the dynamics of economic efficiency of land use by agricultural enterprises. Research conclusion. The economic efficiency of reproduction processes is the ratio of the amount of newly created value to the amount of capital, the cost of all resources and some of their main types. The peculiarity of the reproduction of land resources is that they are combined with the stage of production of agricultural products, when the reproduction of soil fertility is carried out in a single technological process of growing crops. Analysis of the efficiency of use of land resources by agricultural enterprises in Ukraine, which has significant areas of land suitable for agricultural production. It should be noted that agricultural land should be used more efficiently than in other countries. The activity of agricultural enterprises in general and their use of land resources can be characterized as extensive – a large number of resources are involved, and the return from each resource unit is low. In addition, the fact that landowners are not in a hurry to sell their agricultural land, realizing that in a few years a completely different offer price will be formed, as agricultural companies will enter the game and the demand for agricultural land will be much higher. It is necessary to mention that there are some difficulties in the research process, because today it is impossible to reflect the total volume of the Ukrainian agricultural land market in monetary terms, since the transaction price is declared in only 55% of the concluded transactions. In 2022, the average price of buying and selling agricultural land in Ukraine will be 38,560 UAH/ha. This is 28% higher than the average normative monetary value of arable land in Ukraine, which is UAH 27,520/ha.

Анотація. Висвітлено актуальність модернізації виробничо-господарської діяльності підприємств і фермерських господарств аграрного сектору в умовах інституційних трансформацій. Проведено аналіз досліджень модернізації фундаментальною та прикладною економічною наукою, зроблено постановку завдання. Наведено результати досліджень ученими аграрної економічної науки щодо основних напрямів осучаснення виробничо-господарської діяльності сільськогосподарських підприємств і фермерськихгосподарств. Зроблено узагальнення про належність модернізації до економічних категорій, що віддзеркалює загальні властивості реальної дійсності, слугує природним механізмом її висхідного розвитку завдяки вдосконаленню людиною виробничо-господарської діяльності, забезпечує економічний прогрес і підвищення рівня та якості життя населення. Виявлено наявність інституційних змін, що проявляється загальним зростанням кількості сільськогосподарських підприємств, зменшенням фермерських господарств і щорічними коливаннями числа аграрнихсуб’єктів господарювання. Установлено, що в рослинництві сільськогосподарські підприємства та фермерські господарства зорієнтовані на виробництво зернової та зернобобової продукції, соняшнику та цукрового буряку, тоді як господарства населення займаються переважно вирощуванням картоплі, овочів, плодів та ягід. У тваринництві сільськогосподарські підприємства мають певну перевагу у виробництві м’яса (у забійній масі) та яєць, а господарства населення домінують у молочному скотарстві, вівчарстві та бджільництві. Визначено вагомість кожної категорії господарств аграрного сектору економіки у виробництві основних видів сільськогосподарської продукції. Наведено аргументи щодо необхідності модернізації виробничо-господарської діяльності сільськогосподарських підприємств і фермерських господарств. Обґрунтовано комплекс заходів модернізації виробничо-господарської діяльності досліджуваних суб’єктів, економічна індивідуалізація яких поєднується з процесами кооперації та агропромислової інтеграції у кластерах об’єднаних територіальних громад сільської місцевості. Ключові слова: модернізація, виробничо-господарська діяльність, підприємство, фермерське господарство, інституційні трансформації. Формул: 0; рис.: 0; табл.: 2; бібл.: 12.

The research is devoted to the economic aspects of labor productivity management in agricultural production and processing of raw materials in the context of the transformation of the agri-food market. The article considers the problem of forming effective organizational and economic mechanisms that optimize labor costs while maintaining the quality characteristics of agricultural products. The paper presents a comprehensive analysis of the factors determining the dynamics of labor productivity in the agro-industrial complex with an emphasis on the specifics of agricultural production and processing enterprises. The methodological basis of the study is a multifactorial approach using economic and mathematical modeling, which made it possible to assess the correlation between organizational and managerial decisions and economic indicators of agricultural production. The impact of digitalization of production processes on labor productivity has been assessed and key barriers to the implementation of advanced technological solutions have been identified. The empirical base consists of data obtained from a survey of 147 agricultural enterprises operating in the field of production and processing of agricultural products in the period 2018-2023. Based on the results of the research, an economic and mathematical model for optimizing labor resources has been developed, taking into account the industry specifics of agricultural production, mechanisms for increasing the economic efficiency of organizing production processes have been proposed, and the potential for productivity growth in the systemic transformation of organizational and managerial approaches has been substantiated. The practical significance of the work is determined by the possibility of using the developed tools in the activities of agricultural enterprises and processing organizations.

The circular economy is an important trend in the development of agriculture and as well as its challenge. The circular approach allows to find effective ways to reduce costs, enter new markets, in particular foreign ones, as well as strengthen the social responsibility of business and product consumers. The purpose of the study is to determine the expediency and risks of organizing the activities of agricultural enterprises based on the circular economy in modern conditions. The strategic importance of agriculture in Ukraine, which provides more than 40% of export revenue, is emphasized. The situation in Ukraine with the treatment of agricultural crops for harvest with fertilizers and pesticides is analyzed. The main difficulties are related to the insufficient use of organic fertilizers, although there have already been positive developments. The main advantages of circular agribusiness, which are related to: 1) minimization of waste in the process of production and consumption of products and services, which will reduce their negative impact on the environment; 2) the high potential of scaling circular economy methods, which contributes to the growing involvement of investment capital in the field of agriculture. Specific features of risks that create barriers to the implementation of circular economy in the activities of agricultural enterprises in modern conditions, are determined. Therefore, they are grouped as follows: 1) financial (long-term investment costs for circular models and technologies; the principle of "green finance"); 2) marketing (planned moral aging as an effective option for ensuring sales volumes in the future); 3) organizational (difficult process of restructuring the current business model into an economical and circular one; weak awareness of the sustainable development concept and its connection with circular effects). Attention is focused on the fact that when planning the transition to circular business models, the strategic task of increasing the share of added value of agricultural products should be followed. Keywords: circular economy, agricultural enterprise, waste management, potential.

Farmers need state support and subsidies due to the seasonality of agricultural production, the existence of a time gap between the costs incurred and the production results, the dependence of agricultural production on natural climatic conditions. At the same time, a large amount of subsidies and a huge number of benefits don't always ensure the profitability of agricultural activities and have a negative impact on the activities of agricultural enterprises. According to some researchers, subsidies are more beneficial to wealthy owners of large tracts of land than to farms. Government support programs block market mechanisms and cause economic damage, in particular contributing to inefficient land use and overproduction. The purpose of the article is to analyze the effectiveness of state support for agricultural enterprises. The study used methods of analysis, comparison, generalization and synthesis.As a result of the analysis, it was found that despite state incentive programs to support domestic agricultural producers, the efficiency of agricultural enterprises shows a negative trend in reducing profitability. Among the main problems of state support for agricultural enterprises, we can highlight the insufficient level of subsidization of producers, problems with the receipt of budgetary funds and insufficient information support of farmers about existing state support programs. Many researchers also highlight other problems of the state support system, such as duplication of existing programs, lack of economic effect and difficult access of small and medium-sized enterprises to support programs. In order to improve the profitability of agricultural enterprises, it is important to ensure effective control over the implementation of state support programs, to improve existing subsidy mechanisms and to increase the access of small and medium agricultural enterprises to state programs.

The article deals with the main aspects of the stages of development and construction of an optimization of the economic and mathematical model of agricultural enterprises' resources for identifying reserves of resource potential, its rational use and increase of the economic efficiency of economic activity. Some economic indicators of functioning and development of agricultural enterprises that can be taken into account when compiling an optimization model are analysed. The basic stages of construction of the economic and mathematical model and their characteristic features are revealed. Applied testing of mathematical calculations has been carried out for the agricultural enterprise LLC UM-Vatutino, which wants to optimize the structure of its production in order to ensure maximum overall profitability. The developed economic and mathematical model provides the main activities of the UM-Vatutino LLC. They are the cultivation of grain and forage crops, cows of various productivity. Such a model can be used to analyse and identify the reserves of resource potential of enterprises of any form of ownership, at different periods of time, as well as to identify features of strategies for improving the economic efficiency of economic activity of the enterprise itself and its individual units. In addition, the constructed model can be modified both structurally and substantively. The analysis results are processed by means of one of the office programs of Microsoft Office Excel spreadsheets. Data analysis has been performed with the use of the "Solver" tool in spreadsheets. It allows finding an optimization solution with a large number of variables. As a result, it has been confirmed that the application of economic and mathematical methods is very effective in assessing not only the resource potential of agricultural enterprises, but also optimizing the volumes of sales of products, feeds, raw materials for another. The process of modelling in the activities of agricultural enterprises gives the opportunity to make managerial decisions at various stages of the operation and development of the enterprise.

The article is devoted to the justification of the organizational and economic principles of management and rational use of land and property resources and the determination of the principles of their effective combination based on the study of modern determinants of the development of the resource potential of agrarian enterprises. The meaning and role of property resources in the activity of agricultural enterprises are revealed, and their components and importance for ensuring the technical base and efficient production processes are defined. It is substantiated that the modernization of the technical park and the improvement of technological processes help to ensure the competitiveness of agricultural enterprises, reducing costs and increasing the quality of products. Land and property resources are defined as the basis of the resource potential of agrarian enterprises, and their proper management and continuous improvement are critical factors of enterprises' sustainable development in the modern conditions of the market environment. The need for a complex approach to managing land and property resources, which considers the specifics of the industry, regional features, and modern trends, has been proven. A comprehensive approach to effectively managing agricultural enterprises' land and property resources is considered. The importance of developing development strategies, implementing advanced technologies, and improving staff qualifications is substantiated. It is noted that strategies such as crop rotation, agroecological monitoring, energy efficiency, and digitalization can be used to optimize the use of resources. These measures contribute to increasing the efficiency of agricultural enterprises in modern conditions. It is established that the context of the land use management system should pay special attention to the basic principles crucial for its effectiveness. Scientific approach, objectivity, economic justification, availability of feedback, consideration of regional specifics, and differentiated application to different types of land stand out among the main principles.

The aim of the article. The purpose of the article is to study the current state and prospects for the development of methodical approaches to the activation of digitization processes of enterprises of the agro-industrial complex and the improvement of the efficiency of the implementation and use of information technologies. Analysis results. The most used information technologies at agricultural enterprises have been formed and, on their basis, proposals for further development of digitalization processes of production processes have been formed. The problems and barriers that hinder the digitalization processes at agricultural enterprises have been identified and possible ways to overcome them have been developed. The technological barrier is associated with the technical difficulties of developing, providing and accessing information technology for agricultural workers. To overcome the technological barrier, it is proposed, firstly, to create the necessary infrastructure to provide access to the Internet; secondly, to develop/provide the necessary programs and digital services that meet the needs of each agricultural region. The human barrier is associated with the formation of knowledge and competencies of employees in the field of IT business and the formation of confidence of managers at all levels in the feasibility and effectiveness of their implementation and use. To overcome the obstacles of the human barrier, it is proposed, firstly, to involve employees who are residents of rural areas in the use of new information technologies; secondly, to involve business in new information technologies and the potential of their capabilities; thirdly, to prepare local authorities and administrations for active participation in this process. The evolution and methodical recommendations for the transition of agricultural enterprises from traditional business models to a single digital space of production processes and reduction of the cost of agricultural products within the digital ecosystem are studied. It is proved that the development and implementation of digital agricultural ecosystems on the basis of national and regional digital platforms will create the necessary investment environment, the presence of which is a key factor in the intensive development of the agricultural sector. Conclusions and prospects for further research. The study concludes about the inevitability of transformation processes at the enterprises of the agro-industrial complex, which cannot develop in isolation from the global digital transformation of the world economy. In this regard, the development and implementation of digital agricultural ecosystems on the basis of national and regional digital platforms will create the necessary innovation and investment environment, the presence of which is a key factor in the intensive development of the agricultural sector. Sector. It should also be noted that the use of digital innovations and information technologies in the activities of agricultural enterprises will increase the overall level of efficiency against the background of reducing agricultural commercial risks of production and sale of agricultural products. It is proved that digital transformation is an inevitable trend in the agricultural sector of Ukraine, in which the agricultural industry of our country must make decisions in various areas and cooperate with various firms, departments, enterprises and farmers in order to successfully transition to the digital era.

Purpose. The aim of the article is to substantiate the theoretical foundations of export activity as a key factor in the development of small and medium-sized commodity producers of agricultural products and to develop practical recommendations for improving its organisation. Methodology of research. The following methods were used to accomplish the tasks outlined in the article: general scientific – analysis and synthesis – to substantiate the developed provisions and recommendations; systemic and comprehensive – to substantiate the peculiarities of export activities of agro-industrial enterprises; statistical – to analyse the current state of export activities of Ukrainian enterprises; tabular method – to present data and research results; graphical – to build graphs and diagrams. Computer and information technologies were used for data processing. Findings. The article analyses the current state of export activities of Ukrainian enterprises, assesses the specifics of small and medium-sized commodity producers of agricultural products, studies the specifics of export activities of agricultural enterprises in the Ternopil region, and develops a practical exporter’s guide to support local producers in entering foreign markets. Originality. A practical exporter’s guide has been developed to help agricultural producers better understand the specifics of export activities, including requirements for product certification, documentation preparation and compliance with international standards. The handbook will help companies optimise their planning processes, select promising markets and establish contacts with foreign partners, as well as avoid common mistakes and reduce the risks associated with exports. Practical value. The article is of great practical importance, as the results of the study are aimed at supporting local enterprises in entering foreign markets, which will help increase their profits, expand production capabilities, attract investment and integrate into global supply chains. The developed recommendations for organising export activities will help producers adapt to the challenges of international trade, improve their performance and consolidate their positions in international markets. Key words: agricultural sector, agricultural enterprises, exports, small and medium-sized enterprises, international markets, exporter’s handbook, commodity producers of agricultural products.

The article delves into the crucial role of the state in substantiating the conceptual foundations of the economic security of agricultural sector enterprises at the state level. It underscores that in a developed market system, the state’s role is pivotal in ensuring the institutional and legal structure of the economy and in bridging ‘market gaps’, which directly influence economic and food security. The article further emphasizes that creating favorable conditions for attracting investments in agriculture is a pressing task to ensure its economic security. It provides a comprehensive set of measures preceding this process, including establishing a mechanism of interaction with investors, continuous improvement of legislation, and application of innovations in agriculture and product processing. The article also highlights the importance of implementing constant monitoring of investment activity as a necessary stage for in-depth analysis and improvement of state influence strategies on the agro-industrial sector’s economic security. It substantiates the need to define and implement complex strategies to ensure the state’s practical influence on the agro-industrial complex’s economic security through creating favorable conditions and investment support. The article concludes by analyzing the internal causes of the economic threat to agricultural enterprises, classifying threats to the economy of the agrarian sector, and studying their manifestation in Ukraine. It underscores that ensuring financial efficiency, technological independence, and effective management of agricultural enterprises should be defined among the main functional goals of state policy in this context. The article summarizes that the primary goal of state policy in this context is to ensure the stability and effective functioning of agricultural sector enterprises, and its main tasks include the support of financial, technological, and managerial stability, as well as the development of the qualification potential of personnel. It further emphasizes that the overall effectiveness of state policy is determined by a comprehensive summary of such aspects as financial efficiency, investment policy, legislative and regulatory, innovative activity, ensuring environmental safety, social aspects, risks, and crisis management; efficiency of land and resource use; personnel qualification, which considers the relationship and mutual influence of various spheres of activity of the agricultural enterprise. Keywords: security, economic security, state regulation, agrarian sector of the economy, agrarian enterprises.

The article analyzes the issues of financing the innovative component in the agribusiness of Russia. The article brings the analysis of the main indicators of agricultural production and reveals the current state of development of the agricultural sector. The authors highlight the features of the innovation process in the agricultural sector and the main directions of innovation in the activities of agricultural enterprises. The article also analyzes the main indicators of innovative activity in agriculture for the period 2016-2019. The work describes the sources of financing of innovation activities and the structure of institutions to support the innovation component in the agribusiness. The authors proved that the banking system is reluctant to lend to agricultural enterprises, and only a few Russian banks finance innovative developments in the agricultural sector. It is concluded that for the successful development of the agro- industrial complex, it is necessary to introduce innovations in production technologies, which requires increasing investment, as well as strengthening state support for the industry.

The article examines the components of the marketing activity management system and makes proposals for management decisions regarding the implementation of marketing tools in the activities of agricultural enterprises. It was determined that for agrarian enterprises, the use of marketing tools based on marketing management contributes to its flexible adaptation to changes in the environment, solving strategic tasks of further effective development and maintaining the level of competitiveness in the market. The authors present their own vision of the essence of marketing management and measures that are the basis of marketing activity management. It was established that marketing management at the enterprise is implemented using a set of marketing tools. Proposals regarding the adoption of effective management decisions for each component of the marketing complex are provided. Practical recommendations on the organization of the system of marketing activities for agricultural enterprises have been formed.

The main purpose of this work is to determine the peculiarities of the business activity of industrial enterprises of Ukraine in modern realities and to find ways to increase it. The main interpretations of the concept of "business activity", its main quantitative and qualitative characteristics have been studied. It was determined that business activity is a complex characteristic of the efficiency of the external and internal activity of the enterprise, which is built on the basis of its quantitative and qualitative indicators and reflects the efficiency of the use of all available resources (financial, material, intangible, labor), position on the market, its image and economic potential enterprises. The relevance of research in modern realities, the need to assess business activity is revealed. The impact of business activity on the functionality of enterprises, the main external and internal factors that affect the level of business activity are determined. The essence of the "golden rule of economics", its influence on the level of business activity of the enterprise is considered. It was determined that the higher the rate of growth of net income from the sale of products at the enterprise than the rate of growth of the value of assets, the higher the level of business activity will be. The methodological aspects of the analysis of business activity were studied, the analysis of the level of business activity of industrial enterprises of Ukraine for the years 2016-2020 was carried out, using asset turnover ratios. The business activity of the enterprise in the financial aspect is primarily manifested in the speed of rotation of its liabilities, assets and their components. The importance of turnover indicators is explained by the fact that turnover characteristics largely determine the level of efficiency and profitability of the enterprise. The main problems that can cause a decrease in the level of business activity have been identified. It was revealed that the main problem of ensuring business activity is military operations as a result of the Ukrainian-Russian war, the influence of the factor on the functionality of enterprises was investigated. The main ways of ensuring the business activity of the enterprise in modern conditions have been determined on the basis of surveys of entrepreneurs and the plan of economic recovery of Ukraine proposed by the Ministry of Economy.

The article examines the essence of the production activity of agricultural enterprises as an important factor in the development of domestic agriculture and the stabilization of the Ukrainian economy. The article establishes that the production activity of the enterprise is a component of economic activity, which is related to the production of products and includes all stages of the technological process. The role and place of the production activity of agricultural enterprises in ensuring the effectiveness of their management is studied. The main components of the production activity of agricultural enterprises are characterized, namely production of plant products, production of livestock products, processing of agricultural products and provision of services in agriculture. It is emphasized that a feature of the production activity of agricultural enterprises is their multiproductivity, which results from the specifics of agricultural production. The article states that despite the organic combination of production of various types of agricultural products in one enterprise, the production process for each type of agricultural products differs significantly. The content and essence of the organizational and economic support of the production activity of agricultural enterprises is studied. The article establishes that the organizational and economic support of the production activity of an agricultural enterprise is a modern, powerful and effective means of managing its activities, which accumulates a set of economic and organizational and administrative levers, tools and methods that allow regulating organizational, technical, production and technological , financial and economic processes and relations in order to adapt the production activity of agricultural enterprises to the conditions of the external environment. Particular attention is paid to the peculiarities of the organizational and economic support of production activities of agricultural enterprises, which are determined by the specifics of agricultural production. Keywords: production activity, agricultural enterprises, production activity of agricultural enterprises, organizational and economic support of production activity.