Влияние международных гостиничных сетей на развитие гостиничного бизнеса в России

Due to the ongoing Russian-Ukrainian war and martial law in Ukraine, it is advisable to expand the scope of study of problematic issues related to the management of hotel chains under martial law in Ukraine by examining the current state of the industry and the experience of hospitality industry enterprises gained during this time, which has led to the relevance of the chosen topic for this scientific article. The article is aimed at analyzing the mechanism of functioning of international and national hotel chains in Ukraine and the peculiarities of management of hotel chains under martial law. The object of research is the management system of hotel chains under martial law in Ukraine. The subject of the study is a set of theoretical and methodological foundations for determining the essence and features of the hotel chain management system under martial law in Ukraine. The scientific novelty of the study is to summarize the arguments regarding the organisation and functioning of hotel chains in the current business environment and to systematize the scientific theoretical, methodological and applied foundations for determining and taking into account the peculiarities of hotel chain management during martial law in Ukraine. In order to reveal the subject of scientific research, the article uses such methods as observation and comparison (characteristic features and forms of functioning of hotel chains in the hospitality industry are determined), analysis and synthesis (the essential indicators of success in Ukraine and the world of certain hotel chains, management methods in crisis conditions are clarified), methods of statistics (recording the dynamics of development of hotel chains), methods of visualisation (graphical and tabular forms), classification (in terms of types, forms and factors of influence on the functioning of hotel chains), visualisation methods (graphical and tabular forms). The article summarises the arguments regarding the importance of state regulation in the hotel business and international and national requirements for the provision of hotel services under conditions of risk. The scientific theoretical, methodological, analytical and applied principles of the hotel business in the system of the legal field for compliance with the standards of functioning of international and national hotel chains under martial law are systematised. The results of the study can be useful for employees of the tourism and hospitality industry; researchers, teachers, students of higher education institutions, who study, in particular, the specialities "Tourism" and "Hotel and restaurant business". Keywords: martial law, hotel industry, hotel chains, hotel services, hospitality industry, hotel management, hospitality market, Ukraine, hotel management.

The article is an overview, the purpose of which is to assess the level of development of national and international hotel chains in Ukraine. The advantages and disadvantages of creating hotel chains were defined. As international practice shows, the integration of tourist businesses into hotel chains leads to a reduction in total costs, allowing subjects to increase their competitiveness and move intensively on international markets. This led to the conclusion about the relevance of following international experience in the process of creating national hotel chains by combining entities into a single corporation. As a result of studying the market, a rating of hotel brands was compiled, where a comparison between national and international hotel brands in terms of the number of accommodation facilities represented on the tourist market was made. It was revealed that in the Ukrainian hotel business market the most widely represented are such national chains as Reikartz (22 hotels), Premier Hotels (12 hotels), Royal Hotels (11 hotels). But international hotel chains are rare - Radisson Blu (3 hotels), Hotel IBIS (3 hotels), Ramada (2 hotels). A comparative analysis made it possible to determine that the national hotel chains are more widespread due to obvious advantages (adaptation to the local market, awareness in the country's legislative base, a better understanding of local traditions, consumer characteristics, adaptation and quick response to market changes - is the cultural component of the business). A comparative analysis of the pricing policy of the subjects of the international hotel chain and national brands showed an advantage in favor of the latter. These results allow to conclude that the hotel services sector is at the development stage, however, despite certain advantages over the international tourism business, it is actively entering the Ukrainian market and faces a number of problems, the most important of which is the lack of a unified business strategy. Further research will focus on studying successful examples of international tourism business with the aim of developing recommendations for creating a mechanism for the development of organizational and cultural resources as a tool of the competitiveness of international business.

The article describes the extensive and intensive types of development of restaurant and hotel business in Russia. On the basis of the index factor analysis assessed the effect of extensive and intensive factors on the growth of gross added value, generated in the field of restaurant and hotel business. The concept of the intensity level of the business is formulated, the assessment of the intensity of restaurant and hotel business in the period 2004-2013 years is given.

A competitividade do setor hoteleiro vem crescendo diariamente. Com o surgimento das práticas de Revenue Management, a maioria dos hotéis vem implantando essa ciência e utilizando suas técnicas para otimizar e aumentar sua receita. Este artigo objetivou analisar como é feita a operação de Revenue Management em três hotéis executivos da região central de Florianópolis (SC); verificando as semelhanças e diferenças entre um hotel independente, um pertencente a uma rede hoteleira nacional e outro de uma rede internacional. A metodologia utilizada foi uma pesquisa aplicada e a lógica filosófica seguida foi o método dedutivo. Quanto aos objetivos, a pesquisa possuí o caráter exploratório e descritivo. A amostra foi definida de maneira não-probabilística por julgamento. Foi realizada uma pesquisa bibliográfica sobre o assunto e uma entrevista semiestruturada de acordo com as teorias estudas. A análise dos dados foi feita de maneira qualitativa, por meio de análise de conteúdo. Pode-se destacar que as principais semelhanças encontradas entre os hotéis foram: formação acadêmica dos entrevistados, práticas para realizar a previsão da demanda, utilização de tarifas flutuantes, canais de distribuição e Online Travel Agencies (OTA’s) mais utilizadas. Já algumas diferenças expressivas foram: a quanto tempo os hotéis utilizam RM, quantidade de níveis nas grades tarifárias e o tempo de antecedência que é feita a estratégia das tarifas do próximo ano.

The article presents the analysis of scientific research and determines some key guidelines of normative and legal regulation of our country’s hospitality industry at the current stage of its development. It was ascertained that the hospitality sector is a complex of industries whose main task is serving tourists during their stay outside their permanent place of residence. The hospitality sector, according to definitions by leading specialists in the field of tourism economics, includes the hotel and restaurant business, transport service enterprises, and the entertainment sector. The hotel sector in the structure of the hospitality industry performs key functions, as it offers consumers a range of services, in the formation and implementation of which all sectors and elements of the hospitality industry participate. Thus, it is appropriate to distinguish the hotel industry as the most complex component of the hospitality industry. The meaning of the concepts of «hotel business», «hotel industry» is associated with the economic activities of specialized enterprises that offer their own services on a commercial basis and provide traveling customers with the necessary conditions for accommodation and meals. In a competitive hospitality services market, the desire of enterprises to obtain the highest profit and the growing solvency of service consumers encourage hotel businesses to provide not only accommodation and meals, but necessitate the expansion of the scope of additional and related services. This enriches the meaning of the concept of «hotel business» and expands the scope of activity of hotel enterprises that provide services not only of their own production, but also of related industries. The development of the hotel industry requires the creation of certain favorable legal regulations. Taking into account international requirements for the quality of hotel services, numerous industry regulatory documents need to be updated. The Law of Ukraine «On Tourism» provides for licensing of tour operator activities (Article 17) and standardization in the field of tourism activities (Article 18). Therefore, in our opinion, licensing and certification procedures should play a key administrative role in state regulation, the use of which will contribute to improving the work of hotel industry enterprises, improving the quality of hotel services, and ensuring their comprehensiveness. The introduction of licensing in the hotel sector will contribute to the creation of new opportunities for business entities in the hotel and hospitality services market. An equally important function in the provision of hotel services is performed by certification, i.e. a specific method of confirming the compliance of the quality and form of provision of a complex of hotel services with current national standards. Problematic issues include the regulation of land ownership, especially for foreign investors. The lack of opportunities for land privatization and unfavorable terms for its lease for the construction of hotels, as well as the mechanism for the concession of historical and architectural buildings, does not attract foreign companies to the hotel business. Specific legal regulation is required for the development of small hotels capable of creating a unique flavor of national hospitality, and for the creation of corporate forms, traditional in the global hotel industry, like international hotel chains. One of the factors intensifying the development of the industry at the current stage should be considered the implementation of a real transformation of ownership relations, the corporatization of hotel enterprises. Privatization and corporatization will lead to an improvement in the quality of management at hotel industry enterprises, as well as the material and financial condition of the industry. Therefore, improving the legal framework for hotel industry enterprises should be considered an important prerequisite for their further development.

Russia's opening-up to the outside world has been a great event for the world in general and its neighboring countries in particular. Foreign direct investment (FDI) in Russia started in 1992 and expanded in 1998. Currently, there are 26 foreign companies from eleven countries active in the petroleum upstream sector in Russia, six of which are international majors including BP-Amoco, Shell, Exxon-Mobil, TotalFinaElf and Texaco-Chevron and the like. Europe and US based companies dominate the foreign investment in Russia. E&P projects totaled 44, which are located mainly in Timen-Pechoran, Sakhalin, Eastern Siberia and Western Siberia, regionally speaking. As the largest neighboring country of Russia, China has not concluded any major petroleum direct investment projects in the country except for oil and gas pipeline to be finally approved. Authors will make quantitative analyses of the FDI in Russia here. Currently, China imported about 60 million tones of oil in 2001 by the sea lance from the Middle East. Against the growing domestic demand, the single source based route makes China's energy less secure. A search for additional sources from Russia and Central Asia has been emphasized and escalated since the opening up of Russia's energy sector. Beyond the pipeline transportation, China is continuing to seek for major undeveloped oil researves, oil pipelines associated projects, along with business alliance through privatization or M&A activities. There are huge issues to be tackled, accordingly. Chinese petroleum companies are negotiating with Russian counterparts on this matter. Results remain less bright because of corporate strategic and cultural differentials. Some oil and gas provisions remain less clear in Russia. China has learned from the lessons of western oil companies doing businesses in Russia in the last decade. Long lasting procedure of legislative approval and negotiation with local counterparts thereafter disappointed many western companies. Meanwhile, among several obstacles are contractual system and tax arrangements. However, the paper suggest that The authors suggest that bidding for undeveloped oil fields and the shares of privatized oil companies in Russia are among choices. PSA along with joint venture arrangement are effective ways available for consideration. However, favorable and transparent policies should be prioritized for any success of business in Russia. International investors have to realize that Russian need for multiple routes and exporting outlets to ship oil and gas to the regional market. However, the primary for Russia and China or others alike is further close work on contractual conciliation and legal and administrative regulations of the oil and gas pipelines.

The modern period of development of tourist and hotel business is characterized by the further development of the processes of globalization and internationalization of markets. This article is devoted to the improvement of hotel personnel management processes in a cross-cultural environment. We consider cross-cultural relationships in the hospitality industry, an ethnocentric approach in the formation of a hotel chain culture, and cross-cultural aspects of personnel management that contribute to the formation of a corporate value system. The article discusses the problem of recruitment and effective management in a multicultural workforce. An analysis is made of the influence of national peculiarities of personnel from different countries on the formation of a corporate culture and, as a result, on the management style. The authors argue that the intersection of various national cultures in the conditions of the functioning of the international hotel chain leads to the formation of a new type of hotel personnel management. Based on the analysis of the problems existing in the hotel management of international hotel chains, a grouping of cross-cultural personnel competences was proposed using the reception and accommodation services as an example. Arguments are presented justifying the need to take into account the differences of each group in the work of the managers of the contact zone of the reception and accommodation services and in the process of serving the guest during their stay. Cross-cultural communication competences in the hotel industry are a new, higher level of personnel management. The expediency of applying effective methods of selection, continuous professional retraining and hotel personnel management that would take into account the cultural characteristics of employees, which is a key success factor for the organization of the hotel business, is argued. An algorithm for introducing cross-cultural competencies in hotel management through the use of educational management tools is given. The intercultural, interlingual competences used in hotel management represent the basis of a new approach to the high level of customer service of hotels. The authors come to the conclusion that this is one of the features and conditions for the safe existence of international chain companies of the hotel business.

The aim of the article is to analyze the tendencies in the development of the hospitality industry in Ukraine. The material base intended for accommodating tourists affects the level of tourist service, forms demand, and stimulates the functions and development of the country's tourist market; therefore it occupies one of the first places in the development of tourist infrastructure. In 2020, there were 4523 hotels and other collective accommodation establishments in Ukraine, with a total number of 37497 and an average of 52 rooms. In the present stage of development, Ukraine's hospitality industry faces a number of specific problems that interfere with compliance to European standards of quality service in hotel enterprises. Very few of them are international-class hotels. There are only 197 hotels, which of the total number, have a confirmed hotel classification rating by stars (five stars – 36; four stars – 71; three stars – 59; two stars –15; one star – 16 hotels). The volume of investment in upgrades and construction of new establishments of collective accommodation of tourists is low. Likewise, low is the level of competition in the hotel market, no corporate standards, and poor quality management of services in collective accommodation for tourists. A problem is also a small number of qualified specialists in the service sector and management of hotel enterprises. On one hand, technological backwardness of the industry; the high level of the tax pressure; the imperfection of the legal framework and its inconsistency in context of modern requirements; low solvency - also obstruct tourism development of the country and the hotel industry in particular. On the other hand, the creation of international hotel and restaurant chains, the increase in number of small hotel-type enterprises, and the introduction of computer technologies in hotel facilities, the appearance of specialized enterprises with a reduced set of offered services are also generally considered to be positive tendencies in development. Keywords: tourism, hospitality industry, hotel industry, hotel business, collective accommodation.

The technology development in hospitality is continuing at a relentless pace which is challenging for the hospitality professional for both present and the future generations. The hotel front office is moving towards automation with less human interface. Reservations are mostly being made with help of booking engines and guest interaction with hotels are by apps and chatbots. Artificial intelligence (AI) also occupies a major role to facilitate and enhance guest experience. The trends now include use of augmented reality, predictive analysis, beacons, robotics, block chain technology, and biophilic designs in the hotel. The research is to study about how various hotel chains are adopting new technology and incorporating it in their establishment. The research is based upon data collected from hotel websites and other secondary sources to determine the acceptance of new trends by the hotel chains. The result suggests that though some international hotel chains have started accepting the new trends, the major Indian chains specially are lacking behind.

Relevance. The article examines the process of the establishment of the hotel business in Russia. The relevance of the topic under consideration is unconditional in view of its low coverage in the scientific literature and its importance for the formation of a general concept of the development of the hotel industry in the country.The purpose is to highlight the main stages of the establishment of the hotel business in Russia.Objectives: to determine the degree of state regulation of the activities of "hotels"; to name the types of hotel establishments in different historical periods; to assess the level of service.Methodology. The article is based on the principles of historicism, consistency and objectivity. In addition to them were the methods of a special plan – hermeneutic, comparative legal and historical-typological.Results. The process of establishment of the hotel business in Russia was a long one, inextricably linked with the formation and development of Russian statehood. Hotel establishments of various types were arranged, as a rule, in cities or on crowded roads. They provided accommodation, catering services, and, at the same time, strengthened trade ties, created conditions for cultural exchange. Hospitality was a characteristic feature of the Russian people. In the pre-Mongol period, reception and accommodation services were provided by guest houses, inns, camps, churchyards. Under the influence of the Mongol-Tatars, Yamsky stations appeared as hotels on the roads of Russia. Since the beginning of the XVIII century, the country's hotel network has been expanding at the expense of European-type establishments: inns, herbergs. The state has been leaving the hotel business outside the zone of active regulation for a long time. The activities of the "hotels" were subordinated to customary law. The first attempts to establish hotel standards date back to the XIV century . During the formation of the unified Russian state, activity in hotel management increased. In Peter's time, the government's policy was aimed at modernizing service quality standards, expanding the scope of hotel services provided, improving taxation, and unifying the hotel chain.Conclusion. The state of the hotel industry was a qualitative reflection of the political and socio-economic processes in the country.

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to use the case of an international luxury hotel chain in Hong Kong to illustrate general environmentally-friendly practices in housekeeping. Six in-depth interviews were conducted with the housekeeping department staff to evaluate the effectiveness of the Hotel’s environmental sustainability practices by analysing their benefits and limitations. Results reveal that all informants acknowledged the environmental sustainability strategies adopted by the Hotel, which can benefit stakeholders. Despite multiple green practices in hotel housekeeping, several strategies may not be as significant as expected with misaligned expectations from the management and the actual practices may create excessive workload for frontline room attendants with a lack of policy enforcement and supportive policies. Therefore, hotels should keep a mutual communication between the management and frontline employees prior to conducting environmentally- and employee-friendly practices. Given the labour-intensive nature of the hotel industry, the housekeeping department should ensure employment equality policy is in place with adequate environmentally friendly support for employees.

Currently, the national sphere of services forms the economy of the state, country, regions, is becoming an important factor in the stable development of the hotel industry in the modern structure of the hospitality industry. The modern sphere of hospitality, as one of the highly profitable branches of the economy, is the leading direction of socio-economic development of Ukraine. The development of the hotel industry in Ukraine is constrained by a number of factors, such as: shortcomings in the financial and banking system, limited solvency of the population, the political situation in the country, the imperfect tax system, the COVID-19 pandemic. During the development of the concept, the decisive factors that influenced the design and development of a 5-star luxury hotel with 70 rooms in Solomyanskyi district of Kyiv were the features of the district, namely: geolocation, infrastructure, land cost, environmental comfort, etc. Thus, an important area of optimization of the technological process in the hotel business is the diversification of production, which is associated with the expansion of production capacity of the hotel business through the rational use of resources. The purpose of the study is to establish and disclose the factors of influence on the development of conceptual foundations of hotel design. The research was conducted by elaborating legislative acts of Ukraine, scientific publications on hotel design, statistical data, expert assessments. The main theoretical and practical results that determine the novelty and practical significance of the study are to determine the sequence of actions to develop conceptual principles of hotel design, which can be represented as the following chain: mission ® practical philosophy of the hotel ® type ® category ® purpose ® comfort level ® choice of accommodation and food. It is established that the importance of using in the process of conceptual design of hotels comprehensive information on the factors influencing the activities of the enterprise in the hospitality industry, coordination of this information with the values and objectives of the business, namely the mission of creating and operating a hotel business. and principles that in the future will be focused and used in the operational management of the already commissioned hotel. A comparative analysis of accommodation facilities, including the pricing policy of the number of rooms, restaurants and the type of kitchens. as well as service facilities of Solomyansky district. The analysis of potential consumers of hotel services is presented, such as: cultural and leisure, spa services, trade services and business services. Such 5 * luxury hotels meet the existing and potential demand for hotel and business services. With the provision of appropriate business services of proper quality and optimal price, you can solve the problem of finding a place to stay, relax and business.
 Key words: national services, conceptual framework, design, five-star hotel, hospitality, hospitality, luxury hotel.

The article characterizes the development of small and medium business in Russia after it gained sovereignty and adopted the Constitution of the Russian Federation on 12 December 1993. The author shows stages of developing free market relations and management of regional economy in Russia as a result of constitutional and legal reforms which started in early 1990-s and continue at present. Issues dealing with advantages of free market in comparison with planned economic relations were raised. The author highlighted issues of the federal structure of the Russian state. Economic federalism in Russia which has constitutional and legal guarantees is shown as a motivating factor for stable economic growth not only for certain regions but for the country in general.

The collection contains proceedings of II International scientific and practical Internet conference “Innovative development of hotel and restaurant industry and food production”, subject area of which contains a wide range of issues related to world achievements and innovative technologies in restaurant business, food production processes and equipment improvement, as well as modern trends and strategies for the development of hotel and restaurant business.

Existing hotel business development strategies are disclosed: marketing strategies, pricing strategies, strategies aimed at adapting to market changes. Components of marketing strategies for hotel business development are disclosed, in particular, revenue management, development and implementation of marketing and sales activities, use of customer experience, personnel management, and introduction of new technologies. Pricing strategy in the hotel business means determining priority goals and substantiating the tools for achieving them. Types of hotel business pricing strategies are disclosed: forecast-based pricing strategy, differentiated pricing strategy, dynamic pricing strategy, discount strategy, flash sales, and Upselling and cross-selling strategies. Options for optimizing prices for hotel services are presented. Examples of using artificial intelligence technologies to implement dynamic pricing strategies are given. Adaptation strategies include: hotel chain strategies, consumer behavior modeling strategy, hotel positioning change strategy. The following strategies for modeling consumer behavior are presented: broad penetration strategy, selective penetration strategy, intensive marketing strategy, passive marketing strategy. The following strategies for developing hotel chains are presented: global geography of expansion, consistent focused local expansion, creation of a brand portfolio, development of a real estate portfolio, external orientation strategy, orientation on geographical advantages, “segmentation” strategy, “branding” strategy, “internal orientation” strategy, “cost leadership” strategy. The economic indicators that characterize the implementation of marketing goals of hotel business development strategies are presented. The definition of artificial intelligence in tourism is given as the use of information technologies for automation, optimization and improvement of operational processes in tourism.