Государственная поддержка как фактор привлечения инвестиций в сельское хозяйство Якутии

The machinery and equipment industry plays a strategic role in the process of industrialization, growth and economic development of a country, supplying the other sectors with technology incorporated in machinery and equipment that transform the industrial productive dynamics and the economic system. Therefore, from the neoschumpeterian theoretical framework, this work aims to analyze the aspects that concern the evolution of technological innovation in the machinery and equipment sector, from the 2000s, as well as to compare the evolution of innovative activities of companies in this sector that have benefited from those not benefited by the government's innovation support programs. For this purpose, the data available from the last five editions of the Pesquisa de Inovação (PINTEC), from (2003), (2005), (2008), (2011) and (2014), in addition to others that were obtained by means of a special tabulation elaborated exclusively for this work by Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE). The first of the hypotheses raised argues that, in terms of innovative activities, the machinery and equipment sector did not show significant evolution. The second hypothesis states that the innovative activities of firms in the machinery and equipment industry, benefited by the industrial policies of the 2000s, evolved in a higher proportion, compared to those not benefited by government support programs. The results obtained refute the first hypothesis by indicating that, although it is not possible to affirm that the measures outlined for the capital goods sector under the most recent industrial policies have been achieved, the sector has shown positive results regarding the evolution of innovation. For the second hypothesis raised, the results have positive effects on the Brazilian machinery and equipment industry during the extent of the programs, both in the breadth and expansion of the scope of support policies, and in the increase in the volume of resources and companies benefited by the programs. However, Brazil was not able to establish a machinery and equipment industry that would act as a driving force for the country's economic growth and development and was at the apex of the National Innovation System. Therefore, the need for industrial policies as an admixture of the growth and development of the national industry is emphasized, providing conditions that enable the machinery and equipment sector to generate more advanced levels of performance and technological capacity, capable of pulling the competitiveness and productivity and the sector.

Abstract. This article examines the main areas of financing of the agro-industrial complex by the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan, and also raises the question of the degree of influence of financial development institutions in this industry. Currently, the transience of changes in politics, economics and climate around the world is extremely leading to instability in the global agricultural and food markets. As a result, government support in the small agribusiness sector in the country is an integral and important part of economic development. The country's food security is the development of agriculture. The purpose of this article is to analyze the current state and features of financing the agricultural sector in Kazakhstan through financial development institutions, identify the impact on the availability of financial resources, and develop recommendations for improving financing mechanisms, taking into account current economic realities and government support programs. The article provides an analysis of the activities of financial development institutions in providing support in the agro-industrial sector by financing investment projects. The development of the agricultural sector, increasing the competitiveness and sustainability of agricultural enterprises are important economic indicators in the development of this sector of the economy. The relevance of the article lies in seeing the picture of the development of the country's agricultural sector through the prism of the activities of financial development institutions.

Research increasingly suggests that innovativeness and internationalization are two intertwined pathways to growth for entrepreneurial ventures. However, both ways can be resource intensive and thus challenging. Therefore, theory points to the emerging concept of entrepreneurial bricolage to explain how resourceful behavior helps entrepreneurial ventures thrive despite facing the challenges associated with growth. At the same time, recent studies increasingly emphasize the importance of institutional support for successful venture growth. Combining both streams, this study explores product/service innovativeness as a mediator in the relationship between bricolage and the degree of internationalization and further investigates the moderating role of governmental entrepreneurship support programs in this relationship. By drawing on a unique dataset of 681 European entrepreneurial ventures, we find that bricolage is an important means for entrepreneurial ventures that target foreign markets, as it fosters product/service innovativeness and thereby enhances a venture’s degree of internationalization. Interestingly, governmental entrepreneurship support programs do not affect the link between bricolage and innovativeness, but they influence how innovativeness translates into greater degrees of internationalization. We discuss the theoretical and practical implications of our findings.

The goal of this research is to rationalize the aspects of food safety assurance and determine the key actions to achieve food safety at the regional level taking into consideration the specific conditions within the region. The research is based on such methods as analysis, synthesis, generalization, analogy, comparison, as well as monographic and analytical methods. Continuous state support on the federal, regional, and local levels is a crucial condition for the sustainable development of agriculture and the provision of affordable and safe country-made food to the population. This article deals with solving the problems of regional food safety improvement through specific actions. The authors analyzed the actions taken to improve agricultural industries in Yakutia. Currently, it is necessary to focus on the food products consumed in regions. This problem is especially relevant today in the context of the pandemic and its consequences. The authors note that this situation requires support for the smooth operation of food chains.

The effect of service innovation on R&D activities and government support systems: the moderating role of government support systems in Korea

To attract in-demand professionals from various regions of Russia to the labor market in the Kaliningrad region (including teachers, medical professionals, and IT specialists), support measures have been implemented at both the federal and regional levels. However, the region continues to face a demand for skilled workers, with instances of professionals returning while difficulties in their adaptation are often noted. The article analyzes the current government support measures and their effectiveness for key professional groups in the Kaliningrad re­gion, such as teachers, medical professionals, and IT specialists. The research is based on the results of in-depth interviews conducted by the authors during the summer and autumn of 2022 with migrants from different regions of Russia, employers, and experts. Additionally, publicly available information from relevant ministries about the outcomes of attracting spe­cialists was utilized. The study evaluates the practice of migrants seeking government sup­port, examines the professionals' perception of existing measures, and highlights the need for adjustments to ensure the influx and retention of professionals in the region. In conclusion, suggestions are provided to enhance the effectiveness of government support for migrants from various regions of Russia in the Kaliningrad region.

The article examines the experience of the European Union countries in modernizing agriculture. Possible prospects for applying similar measures of government support for the effective modernization of Russian agriculture are proposed. Key support mechanisms have been identified: the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) with 70% of funds allocated to direct payments to farmers, 25% to rural development, and 5% to market measures; compensation of up to 60-75% of modernization costs; preferential lending from the European Investment Bank; tax benefits (e.g., 7% VAT in Germany); «green» transition programs (carbon farming, renewable energy). A set of measures is proposed for Russia: introducing a two-tier support system based on the CAP model with "green" subsidies, creating a fund to compensate 40-60% of machinery purchase costs, developing digital knowledge platforms, preferential lending and tax deductions for those adopting resource-saving technologies, supporting cooperation and machinery stations. A systemic transfer of European experience with a focus on sustainability, knowledge, and economic incentives can qualitatively transform the Russian agricultural sector.

Highlights from millions fed:Proven successes in agricultural development

The problem of encouraging land reclamation activities is topical for present-day development of national agriculture. Land reclamation is a prerequisite for the growth of agricultural production, as it provides crop yields. At the same time, the existing situation of land reclamation in the Russian Federation does not allow to fully use its achievements for the long-term development of the industry. High wear and tear of equipment and its low manufacturability, costly work and a lack of qualified personnel impede the increase the efficiency of agricultural production. The existing economic situation of Russian agricultural enterprises does not allow them to carry out land-reclamation activities on their own in the necessary volumes. In this regard, the government state has provided a mechanism of financial incentives for carrying out relevant activities. The article is devoted to the governmental support of land reclamation in the Russian Federation, its problems and prospects. It analyzes the implementation of governmental state support for land reclamation work and its main results. It offers measures for correcting the governmental support for implementing reclamation works in order to preserve soil fertility and to ensure the effectiveness of agricultural production.

As the Republic of Moldova has limited opportunities to provide generous financial support to farmers, it is extremely important to efficiently use subsidy means, so as to contribute to the development and modernization of agriculture and rural areas. The development of agriculture in a dynamic way can be achieved on the basis of an efficient subsidy system, administered, monitored and evaluated. The aim of the research is to analyse and evaluate the efficiency and impact of subsidization on the development of the agricultural sector and to ensure a stable increase in agricultural production, emphasizing main support measures in this direction. To carry out this study, various research methods were used, such as: observation method, table method, analysis and synthesis method, comparison method, monographic method, statistical data collection. This article presents an analysis of the evolution of the subsidy fund for agricultural producers, which has increased 2.25 times in the last 7 years. There has also been analysed the structure of beneficiaries of subsidies according to the legal organizational form, who received subsidies during the reference period. It has been found that households are in the top of beneficiaries of subsidies who had a share of 62.03% in 2018. The distribution of subsidies by development regions and per one hectare of agricultural land in the profile of development regions has been studied and it has been found that the predominant share is held by agricultural enterprises in the Centre region, about 38.9% of the means of the subsidy fund. The results of the research show an increase in the subsidy level, through support measures. In this context, we can mention that the support measures must ensure an efficient use of the subsidies

This study determined the level of knowledge on Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection, perception of government programmes and support, media influence, environmental factors, and health among low-income residents in Fujian Prov-ince, China. The data were collected through structured ques-tionnaires ad-ministered to 516 low-income adult residents aged 18–65 years in Xiamen City, Fujian, who met the municipal low-income criteria. A stratified random sam-pling method was used to obtain samples, with a total of n=516 valid question-naires collected. Descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, mul-tiple regres-sion, and moderation analysis were used to examine the relation-ships and pre-dictive power among the variables. The findings showed that There is a signifi-cant positive correlation between H. pylori knowledge, gov-ernment programs and support, media influence, environmental factors, and health behaviors (all tests p<.001); the final model of multiple regression has good explanatory power (R²=0.618, overall F test p<.001), with environmental factors having the most significant impact on overall health behaviors (main effect t=12.66, p<.001). The conclusions remain robust after controlling for age, gender, marital status, and educational level; significant differences were also found in inter-group com-parisons based on demographic characteristics (p<.05). The study provided evi-dence-based recommendations for designing targeted public health interven-tions, government support programs, enhancing media communication strate-gies, and improving environmental health policies to reduce H. pylori infection rates and improve the overall health of low-income communities in China.

With the growing body of literature on governance styles in which nonprofit organizations are involved in creating and implementing public services, there is a need for robust evidence on the effects of public funding on nonprofit revenues. This paper systematically reviews previous studies on the crowding-out hypothesis, which holds that private charitable donations are lower in situations of higher government support and vice versa. We find that about two-thirds of previous estimates find a negative correlation (crowding-out), while one-third of the estimates find a positive correlation (crowding-in). The results are strongly shaped by the research methods that are used. In experiments, a $1 increase in government support is associated with an average $0.64 decrease in private donations, while nonexperimental data analyses find an average increase of $0.06. Random-effects regression models show that, contrary to arguments that are prevalent in the literature, studies that take subsidies to organizations as a measure of government support are less likely to estimate crowding-out than studies that use a measure of direct government expenditures. Central government support is associated with higher charitable donations, while measures that include multiple levels of government tend to find negative correlations. The results challenge the consistency of prior research findings and demonstrate the contextual dependence of the validity of the crowding-out hypothesis.

Regions are active participants of foreign economic activity, with their contribution to the total export being significant. Therefore, data analysis of the volume and structure of exports and investments is important for determining the efficiency of support measures and for elaborating a further development strategy. A review of scientific sources demonstrates the role of investment and government support in stimulating exports. This article examines the efficiency of regional export support measures and their correlation with investments. Statistical data on exports, investments, and government support measures from 2012 to 2022 is compared. The research demonstrates the performance of the Irkutsk Region Export Support Center in the following spheres: in supporting exporters in concluding export contracts, in stimulating export activities of small and medium-sized enterprises, in engaging new exporters in foreign economic activities, as well as in promoting export diversification. Data on the increase in the share of nonresource, non-energy goods in the structure of the region exports confirms the efficiency of the undertaken supporting measures. The performance of the Export Support Center indicates its increasing popularity and efficiency. Moreover, the increasing number of exporters and the volume of export contracts demonstrates the positive impact of supporting measures on the export sector development and regional economy competitiveness. After considering the three main drivers of economic performance, i.e., consumer demand, exports, and investment, it can be concluded that the regional authorities use levers of influence over the latter two factors.

Investment attractiveness is a combination of economic, social, and natural factors that determine capital inflows into a region. It reflects both objective investment conditions – profitability and risk – and the subjective perception of investors. Investment attractiveness is closely linked to investment activity and the investment environment, which influence a region’s overall image. Assessing investment attractiveness involves quantitative and qualitative evaluations of innovation potential and implementation. Key factors include socio-economic development, production and commercial potential, labor quality, as well as crime and corruption risks. While investors generally consider similar factors, their relative importance varies. The main drivers of investment growth include production, innovation, economic conditions, workforce, infrastructure, and the social environment, each of which can impact investment appeal positively or negatively. Ukraine possesses strategic advantages such as a favorable geographic location, a highly educated workforce, and relatively low living costs, making it attractive to foreign investors, particularly in the IT sector. Despite economic challenges, Ukraine's innovation sector continues to grow, with startups successfully securing foreign investments. Ukrainian IT companies benefit from cultural proximity to Western markets, skilled employees, and competitive pricing. Government support further enhances investment appeal, fostering technological and innovative growth. However, challenges remain, including regulatory hurdles, limited early-stage funding, and low venture capital inflows. These issues force many Ukrainian entrepreneurs to seek investment abroad, slowing technological advancement. Financial mismanagement and insufficient market demand also contribute to startup failures, as seen in the case of Ecoisme, which struggled to secure sufficient funding despite its innovative energy-monitoring solution. Startup investments play a crucial role in Ukraine’s economic resilience, contributing to education, healthcare, financial services, and national security. The success of initiatives like Prozorro highlights the potential of financial innovations in reducing corruption and improving efficiency. Supporting fintech development through transparent regulations can further enhance Ukraine’s investment climate. Promising areas for startup growth include R&D, robotics, bioengineering, 3D printing, software development, and fintech. The National Bank of Ukraine’s Fintech Development Strategy 2025, along with government-backed startup programs and the Ukrainian Startup Fund, further support this growth. Given rapid technological advancements and Ukraine’s evolving economic landscape, continued research on the investment attractiveness of tech startups remains essential.

This study explores the impact of sweet orange cultivation on the income and welfare of farmers in Partibi Lama Village, Merek Subdistrict, Karo Regency. Using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM), the research investigates the relationships between key factors such as farming practices, market access, government support, and farmer income. The findings reveal that improved farming practices, including irrigation systems, pest control, and fertilizer application, have a strong direct effect on income by increasing sweet orange yields. Additionally, market access plays a significant role, with farmers who have direct access to local markets achieving better prices for their produce, thereby increasing their income. Government support was found to have a mediating effect on the relationship between farming practices and income, with subsidies and training programs helping farmers adopt better techniques, which, in turn, improved their earnings. However, the study also highlights several challenges, including pest infestations and climate variability, which negatively affect production and farmer income. The research emphasizes the importance of improving market infrastructure, increasing government support, and promoting climate-smart farming practices to enhance the sustainability and profitability of sweet orange farming. The study concludes that a combination of modern farming practices, better market access, and consistent government support can significantly improve the economic well-being of farmers in the region. These findings provide valuable insights for policymakers, agricultural institutions, and local authorities aiming to improve rural livelihoods through agricultural development.