ЗЕМЕЛЬНО-РЕСУРСНЫЙ ПОТЕНЦИАЛ СЕЛЬСКОХОЗЯЙСТВЕННЫХ ОРГАНИЗАЦИЙ СЕВЕРНОЙ ЗОНЫ ОМСКОЙ ОБЛАСТИ

Introduction. Issues related to increasing the sustainability of agricultural land in the Altai Krai are very relevant, modern and practically significant, since about 90 % of the territory is more or less subject to degradation processes. They reduce soil fertility and, as a result, the productivity of agricultural land, which is largely due to the landscape specificity of the territory. The solution to the problem is possible on the basis of adaptive landscape land management, which is the basis for organizing sustainable agricultural land use. When designing agricultural landscapes, on the one hand, we take into account and preserve the natural properties of the territory, and on the other hand, we limit the anthropogenic impact on it. By designing sustainable, capable of self-regulation and self-reproduction of agricultural landscapes, it is possible to optimize agricultural land use. The purpose of the study: to conduct an agro-ecological typology of agricultural lands (agro-landscapes) of the arid steppe of the Altai Krai to optimize the existing agricultural land use and increase its sustainability. Research methods. System analysis has become the main scientific method for analyzing the relationships and mutual influences within landscapes. When studying and comparing the physical and geographical characteristics of the territory, comparative geographical and ecological landscape methods were used using the cartographic method and GIS technologies. Research results. The allocation of agro-ecological groups of lands is based on the leading agro-ecological factors (moisture supply, erosion, waterlogging, periodic flooding, salinization, alkalinity), the degree of their manifestation and related limiting factors. As a zonal agro-ecological group, we identified upland lands, which occupy 22 % of the study area. Slope (or erosional) lands in the arid steppe occupy a significant proportion (59 % of the area) and are located on slopes with a steepness of up to 3°, in some places 5°. Taking into account the wide spatial development of deflation processes (44 % of the subzone area), the authors of the work singled out a special agroecological group of lands – deflationary lands in the composition of eroded lands. The deflationary lands were divided into three agro-ecological groups: weakly, medium and strongly deflated lands. Insignificant territories (less than 1% of the subzone area) are combined into a group of waterlogged lands, which differ in the degree of hydromorphism and have a common feature – ecological waterlogging, which makes it difficult or excludes the possibility of cultivating crops. The territories in the soil cover of which solonets occupy more than 10 % of the area are combined into a group of solonetz lands, which occupy slightly more than 4 % of the area of the zone. The group of solonetzic lands is divided into two parts – solonetzic-automorphic and solonetzic-hydromorphic. Also, a group of lands of the ravine-beam complex was identified, which are limited, since the depth of the dissection of the territory does not exceed 10 m, and the density is insignificant or weak (1-2,5 km and more than 2,5 km). In nine municipal districts that are part of the arid steppe, the identified types of land are found in different proportions. For the sustainable development of agricultural land use, its optimization is necessary, associated with a reduction in the area of agricultural land by 14,5 thousand hectares with fluctuations in districts from 0,7 (Suetsky district) to 2.3 thousand hectares (in Blagoveshchensky and Rubtsovsky districts) and an increase in the area of industrial land (by 12,4 thousand hectares) due to the allocation of protected zones along railways and roads, green protective zones around settlements, as well as shelterbelt forest belts. Conclusions 1. An agro-ecological typology of agricultural lands in the arid steppe of the Altai Krai was produced; 2. It has been established that the main limiting factors affecting the productivity of agricultural land are the degree of deflation, relief, the presence and density of hydrographic objects, the degree of waterlogging and salinity, which significantly affect landscapes under different management conditions; 3. For the municipal districts of the arid steppe, the change in the ratio of lands was calculated, taking into account limiting factors, as well as the stability of agricultural landscapes as a result of the transformation of the structure of sown areas, lands, and crop rotations; 4. The obtained research results can be used by regional and municipal authorities in long-term planning and management of land resources, their economic assessment, and collection of fiscal payments, as well as agricultural producers in the organization and optimization of agricultural landscapes.

The extent of anthropogenic land use in watersheds determines the amount of pollutants discharged to streams. This indirectly and directly affects stream water quality and biological health. Most studies have therefore focused on ways to reduce non-point pollution sources to streams from the surrounding land use in watersheds. However, the mechanistic pathways between land use and the deterioration of stream water quality and biological assemblages remain unclear. This study estimated a structural equation model (SEM) representing the impact of agricultural and urban land use on water quality and the benthic macroinvertebrate index (BMI) using IBM AMOS in the Nam-Han river systems, South Korea. The estimated SEM showed that the percent of urban and agricultural land in the watersheds significantly affected both the water quality and the BMI of the streams. Specifically, a higher percent of urban land use had directly increased the biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and total phosphorus (TP), and deteriorated the BMI of streams. Similarly, higher proportions of agricultural land use had also directly increased the BOD, total nitrogen (TN), and total phosphorus (TP) concentrations, and lowered the BMI of streams. In addition, it was observed that the percent of urban and agricultural land use had indirectly deteriorated the BMI through increased BOD. However, we were not able to observe any significant indirect effect of the percent of urban and agricultural land use through increased nutrients including TN and TP. These results indicate that increased urban and agricultural land use in the watersheds had directly and indirectly affected the physicochemical characteristics and benthic macroinvertebrate communities in streams. Our findings emphasize the need to develop more elaborate environmental management and restoration strategies to improve the water quality and biological status of streams.

Every year, the districts and city of Agriculture Services in the Nusa Tenggara Timur (NTT) province report the area of agricultural land use to the NTT Provincial Agriculture and Food Security Service. The agricultural land area was measured manually by the field officers of the City and Districts of Agriculture Services. This research aims to map and measure the area of agricultural land use using remote sensing. Kupang City was used as a case study location. The remote sensing data used in this research was Landsat-9 satellite imageries from the U.S. Geological Survey in August 2022. These images were then classified based on classes paddy rice fields, non paddy rice fields, and nonagricultural fields. The classification was carried out using the Random Forest algorithm on QGIS software. This classification was based on the training sites of each land use type in Kupang City taken with GPS. The result of the research is a map of agricultural land use in Kupang City. This research shows that remote sensing allows the NTT provincial Agriculture and Food Security Service to determine the location and calculate the area of the agricultural land use in the NTT Province region quickly and accurately without a field survey. To map the agricultural land use in NTT more effectively using remote sensing, the Landsat image should be selected on the planting time. In addition, it is very important to ensure that the area on the administrative map used to crop the Landsat image corresponds to the actual area.

As one of the last agricultural frontiers of the humid tropics, Amazonia is the largest area of the world currently undergoing frontier settlement. Although the earliest intrusions of foreign populations into Amazonia date from pre-Hispanic times, the large-scale entrance of peasant colonists into the vast region is a recent phenomenon. Much of this movement represents the spontaneous migration of peoples, but governments in the region have also become increasingly interested in opening up and integrating Amazonia to national and international economies. These actions are frequently seen as potential solutions to a number of national problems, including the need to increase agricultural production, correct spatial imbalances in the distribution of population, exploit frontier lands for reasons of national security, and defuse potentially serious political problems resulting from the existing agrarian structure, landlessness, and unemployment. The upper basin of the Amazon in Ecuador, bordering on the eastern slopes of the Andes, is one such area of frontier settlement. Recent decades have witnessed the rapid conversion of these Amazonian forests to agricultural uses through a series of schemes bearing such labels as land development and colonization. Most forest intervention in the region has come at the hands of colonist farmers attempting to establish land claims along transport routes originally constructed to aid in petroleum exploration and exploitation. These are farmers who formerly have made a living in long-established farmlands and who, for various reasons (population pressures, pervasive poverty, maldistribution of farmland, lack of inputs for intensive cultivation, lack of nonagrarian livelihood opportunities, and generally inadequate rural development) have been increasingly squeezed out of their homelands. A marginal person by virtue of his low socioeconomic and political status, the farmer often perceives

The efficiency of farmers' management significantly depends on the effective management of land capital. It has been established that the management of land capital of farms is a system that covers all social relations and generally determines the set of relationships between the elements of the management system aimed at the rational and environmentally responsible land use. The subsystems of land capital management of farms are economic, environmental, regulatory, administrative, innovation and management, and land management and technological. The structural model of the system of land capital management of farms includes the subject, object, subject matter, purpose, goals, principles, functions, methods and mechanisms of management. The subject of this system, i.e., the management subsystem, are farms and government authorities of all levels that implement the state land, agrarian and tax policies and supervise compliance with the norms of rational land use. The object of management is differentiated by the depth of the essential content of the definition of “land”, covering land and its fertility, land resources and their capitalization, land and its investment attractiveness, agricultural land (by type) and the efficiency of its usage. The economic interests of landowners, land users, the state, and society are the basis for making managerial decisions by a farmer. It has been shown that the system of land capital management of farms should be based on the following basic principles: systematicity; purposefulness; balance of interests of a farmer, landowners, the state and society in the use of land resources; payment for land use; sustainable development of agricultural land use; rationality and economic feasibility of land use; priority of land protection as the main means of production; responsibility and information. The functions of land capital management of farms include planning of land capital use; forecasting of land capital use in the short, medium and long term; organization of land capital use; motivation and control of rational use of land capital.

Dual stresses of flooding and agricultural land use reduce earthworm populations more than the individual stressors

The current state of arable land and land areas, which are a key factor in the system of agricultural production, requires forming special systematic approaches to organizing the monitoring of using land resources. Being an object of the government and economic regulation in the modern period, land for agricultural purposes involves using a set of tools for monitoring of land use providing the increase of efficiency of using the land resource, conservation and reproduction of soil fertility and environmental protection. The purpose of the study is to identify a complex system of assessing the use of agricultural land and substantiate the need for using digital analytical tools. The article studies the complexity of the problem of monitoring agricultural land. So, the author considers the set of quantitative and financial indicators participating in the formation of system of analyzing the use of land resources in agriculture on the example of the country as a whole, its separate subjects, in particular. The paper considers the main indicators characterizing efficiency of use of agricultural lands in the Rostov region, reveals their regional features. The conducted statistical and economic analysis allows to identify and justify the main factors affecting the profitability of agricultural land in specific regional conditions. The author substantiates the necessity of digitalization of the monitoring process of agricultural land.

The domination of forestland and forest policies by agriculture is a major problem in the U.S. Historically, forestland presented a formidable obstacle that had to be overcome if farming was to take place. Thus, forestland was converted to agricultural land. Forestland was cleared and put into production of agricultural commodities. Therefore, it can be shown that there is a relationship between agricultural land use and forestland use. This relationship has shown forest use to be a weak competitor for agricultural land. This study traces out the historical interactions between agricultural and forestry policies. Trends in agricultural and forestry land use are identified and related to specific policies and/or institutional connections.

Growing crop production with ignoring the quality of arable land leads to lower crop yields and unreasonable costs. There are areas of waterlogged, marshy, eroded soils or soil with low humus content and low available form for plant of nutrients in intensive use of land, that is leased or owned by modern agricultural companys. These lands have different area and configuration of soil contours and it is the cause of complicated planning of the fields’ boundaries. The purpose of representing data in this article is the justification of the rational use of arable land on condition detailed analysis of soil properties. Because the land management is the basis for optimization of agricultural production in a certain area. In order to obtain indicative results, the territory with complex structure of soil cover and with soils, which differ greatly in their physical and chemical properties and conditions of soil formation, was chosen as the object of research. Soil conditions were analyzed by natural indicators such us groundwater levels, granulometric composition of soil, nutrients concentration that are available for plants, acidity of soils. The explored area has flat relief with moderate climate and insufficient humidification in separate periods. Soils’ parent material: alluvial deposits, loess loam, deluvial deposits. There are 11 groups of soils on the research area of 1272.4789 ha. Among them Haplic Chernozem, Albic Luvisol, Gleyic Chernozem, Mollic Gleysol, Luvic Greyic Phaeozem, Endogleyic Arenosol and Histic Gleysol. The Gleysols occupy a large area of surveyed land (106 hectares). These soils have a very poor water-air mode and suffer from drought or waterlogging in some periods. In order to achieve the purpose of the work an existing methodology for the soils grouping into classes for the suitability of growing agricultural crops was used. Also the scale of soil evaluation for the Ruzhinsky agricultural region was applied. The article represents data of soil classification into classes of suitability by ten classification items. It is established that not the whole area of arable land is suitable for growing wheat. The estimated yield of winter wheat was calculated on the basis of soil's properties. Winter wheat is the demanding plant to soil and climate condition. This is the cause there are low productivity of this plant on clay soil types and soils that have sandy granulometric composition. The estimated yield of winter wheat on Histic Gleysol and Mollic Gleysol is 6.8 centner/ha and on Endogleyic Arenosol is 12.5 centner/ha. Inclusion such tapys of soils in fields area leads to a decrease the yield of winter wheat crops. This is difficult for land use in case low fertility soils are situated in higher quality soils’ area. This situation is inherent territory of Polisya and south part of Ukrainian Lisostep zone. As a result of researchi it was realized that Haplic Gleysol occupy small areas (between 0.1-0.3 ha). These soils are located near Endogleyic Arenosol that don’t suffer from excessive moisture and need another approach of land use. The importance of taking into account the properties of soils is proved. The approach of land use of arable land is proposed. Keywords . S uitability of soils, groups of soils, wheat crop, land use .

Modelling regional cropping patterns under scenarios of climate and socio-economic change in Hungary

The study assessed agricultural land use change and food security linkage in Nigeria from 1981 to 2023. The study adopted a historical survey design using time series data spanning the period of 43 years from 1981 to 2023.Data on the variables were collected from the archives of World Bank and Food and Agriculture Organization database and analyzed using descriptive statistics such as mean, maximum and minimum with trend graphs, Autoregressive distributed lag model (ARDL) after testing for unit root, granger causality test and Autoregressive Moving Average (ARIMA) model. The Augmented Dickey-Fuller (ADF) test for unit roots indicated that agricultural land use change is integrated of order one, I(1), while food security is integrated of order two, I(2). This suggests that both variables follow a random walk, meaning their future values do not revert to their past values. The results from the Bound test for a long-run relationship between agricultural land use change and food security showed that the F-statistic value of 4.676068 exceeds the upper critical bound of 4.35 at the 5% significance level, confirming a long-run relationship between the two variables. Additionally, the pairwise Granger causality test revealed a significant causal link between agricultural land use change and food security. The trend forecast indicated that over the next decade, agricultural land use change is expected to follow a downward trend, while food security is projected to increase, assuming other factors remain constant. Based on these findings, the study suggests that the government should implement comprehensive food security monitoring systems to track changes in land use and food security indicators. Early warning systems could prove valuable in predicting and addressing potential food security challenges, particularly in light of declining agricultural productivity.

The analysis made in terms of this research shows, that the military-technogenic load leads to high levels of pollution of the territory with oil products, lead, cadmium and aromatic hydrocarbons. The impact of military operations on agricultural land use in the territory of the Bucha city territorial community of Bucha district of Kyiv oblast is assessed. The level of damage to agricultural land affected by military actions is investigated. To calculate the assessment of the impact of military actions on agricultural land use, the "Visual Determination of Land Damage Levels" was used. The amount of damage caused by hostilities to agricultural land use was calculated. The method of expert assessment was used to calculate the economic level of damage caused by hostilities. The ecological condition of the soil within the Bucha urban community was determined. To assess the ecological condition of the soil, an indicator of the ecological stability of the territory in the post-war period was calculated and compared to the pre-war period. Taking into account the proposed research methods and their results, it is analysed that agricultural land within the territory of the Bucha city territorial community can be used for any crops, but the harvested products’ quality have to be controlled. There is a need for agrotechnical measures to reduce the impact of metals on agricultural products.

This paper evaluates the impact of the crusades on the landscape and environment of northern Latvia between the 13th–16th centuries (medieval Livonia). The crusades replaced tribal societies in the eastern Baltic with a religious state (Ordenstaat) run by the military orders and their allies, accompanied by significant social, cultural and economic developments. These changes have previously received little consideration in palaeoenvironmental studies of past land use in the eastern Baltic region, but are fundamental to understanding the development and expansion of a European Christian identity. Sediment cores from Lake Trikāta, located adjacent to a medieval castle and settlement, were studied using pollen, macrofossils, loss-on-ignition and magnetic susceptibility. Our results show that despite continuous agricultural land use from 500 BC, the local landscape was still densely wooded until the start of the crusades in AD 1198 when a diversified pattern of pasture, meadow and arable land use was established. Colonisation followed the crusades, although in Livonia this occurred on a much smaller scale than in the rest of the Ordenstaat; Trikāta is atypical showing significant impact following the crusades with many other palaeoenvironmental studies only revealing more limited impact from the 14th century and later. Subsequent wars and changes in political control in the post-medieval period had little apparent effect on agricultural land use.

Introduction. Activities in the field of organization of agricultural land use should be focused primarily on the preservation and reproduction of land, the most productive implementation of all production processes and ensuring environmentally sound use of agricultural landscapes. One of the effective ways to ensure the balanced use of agricultural land by agricultural formations is to optimize the location of crops in accordance with the indicators of agrochemical evaluation of soils, taking into account the economic feasibility of their cultivation. Methods. Research conducted by use of the dialectical method of knowledge of the economic laws and systematic approach to the study of economic phenomena and processes, monographic, induction and deduction - to form of balancing agricultural land use; economic and statistical - to identify the factors that led to changes in the quality of land; abstract-logical method - in the implementation of theoretical generalizations and formulation of conclusions. Results. The author substantiates the importance of optimizing the sown area of agricultural crops to ensure a balanced use of land. A study of soil quality indicators within individual land plots was conducted and their dynamics were analyzed. The impact of the structure of growing crops on the balance of humus in the soil is assessed and the main measures to improve it are substantiated. The main components in the system of improving the quality of land are identified and their importance is proved Discussion. The defining direction for further research is the formation of an institutional environment for the balanced use of agricultural land in order to improve the quality of soils. Keywords: agricultural production, balanced land use, agricultural land, optimization, structure of sown areas.

This chapter examines the influence of agricultural land uses on the occurrence of landslides in the humid tropical environments of Kigezi highlands in South Western Uganda. Analysis of the agricultural land use practices is a prerequisite to understanding landscape fragility and community resilience to landslide hazards. An analysis of agricultural land use patterns was undertaken through interpretation of Sentinel 2A images for 2016. The imagery data was acquired from the European Space Agency (ESA) Sentinels Scientific Data Hub. Field surveys and investigations were also carried out to establish and map the spatial distribution of landslide hazards. Six agricultural land use categories were identified, namely, annuals, perennials, grazing, fallow, wood lots and agroforestry. Considering the agricultural land use patterns, annual crops are the dominant agricultural land use type spanning 69% of the total area followed; by perennials (13%). Grazing land and fallows covered 11% and 5%, respectively. The study revealed that annual crop land is the most affected agricultural land use category. Out of the 65 landslide scars mapped, 31% occurred on annual crop areas. Wood lot areas experienced the least landslide occurrence (4%). A close spatial distribution of agricultural land use practices and landslide occurrence is discernible. It is recommended that a comprehensive tree planting campaign be carried out in areas prone to landslides since it was inferred that wood lots suffered least from landslides. It is also recommended that farmers be encouraged to restore and manage terrace bunds which could help to check on water velocity and consequently increase on slope stability.