ВПЛИВ ГЛУТАМАТУ МАНГАНУ НА РЕПРОДУКТИВНУ ФУНКЦІЮ ТА ЕМБРІОГЕНЕЗ ЩУРІВ

The objectives of this study is to investigate the toxic effects of Ballota undulata (300 mg kg(-1) b.wt.) on the reproductive system after administration to female Sprague-Dawley rats for two time periods 4 and 12 weeks. Forty adult female Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into two treatment and two control groups of 10 rats each. The two treated groups received 15 mg kg(-1) b.wt. of Ballota undulata for two periods of 4 and 12 weeks. Female rats were allowed mating with males after treatment. Several pregnancy parameters were investigated including: total number of pregnant rats, body weight and reproductive organ weight, number of implantation sites, number of resorption sites and number of viable fetuses. The significance of these results was calculated using student's t and Chi-square tests. Exposure to Ballota undulata for 4 weeks did not have significant effects on most parameters investigated. However, a slight decrease in the relative ovarian and embryo weights was observed. Administration of Ballota undulata for 12 weeks significantly reduced the percentage of pregnancies and the number of implantation sites when compared with controls. In addition, a decrease in ovarian weights and in viable fetuses' number was also observed. Histological sections of ovaries of female treated with Ballota undulata were found to have congested blood vessels in cortical and medullary regions. We also noted the arrestment of developing follicles at primary and secondary stages in addition to presence of degenerative areas and hypercellullarity in medulla. Long term treatment with Ballota undulata might lead to diversified negative effects on fertility and pregnancy in female rats.

Introduction Pregnancy and birthing are two supernatural processes that form the creation of life. Many pregnant women prefer caesarean section due to labour pain. To reduce the complications and enhance the early recovery of mother, early ambulation is very effective. Caesarean section mothers still lie straight in bed for minimum 24 hours. Through the research study, I would like to encourage the post-partum mothers for early ambulation and check the effects of early ambulation on involution of uterus. Objective: To assess the involution of uterus in control and interventional group among post-natal caesarean mothers in pre-test. To evaluate the effectiveness of selected intervention in experimental group on involution of uterus after early ambulation. To find the association between pre-test intervention score with selected socio demographic variables. Method: The study design was quasi experimental research design in which total 70 samples were selected through purposive sampling technique, 35 samples were in control group and 35 samples were in experimental group. In this study, researcher assessed fundal height just after 6 hours of caesarean section delivery and initiated early ambulation which involves Assist patient in sitting position, assist in standing position and walking, breathing exercises, kegal exercises and leg sliding exercises. fundal height is monitored in experimental group after intervention and in control group also, to measure the differences between the fundal height. Results: The findings showed that the pretest mean score of control group was 17.23 with SD 0.899 similarily in experimental group was 17.10 with SD 0.778. The post-test mean score for control group was12.986 with SD 0.660 similarly in experimental group 10.083 with SD 1.376. P value in pretest was 0.5338 which was no significant showed that no significance difference between experimental and control group before intervention and p value of post test in control and experimental group is 0.0001 which was significant showed that there was significant difference in post test level of uterine involution among post natal caesarean mothers in control and experimental group. The mean difference between pretest & posttest of control group was 4.249 and in experimental group means difference was 7.026 this showed that there was significant effect of early ambulation in involution of uterus among post natal caesarean mothers. There was significant mean difference between post test of control and experimental group showed significant reduction in fundal height after early ambulation in experimental group. Conclusion: Therefore early ambulation was effective in reducing fundal height after caesarean section in post natal mothers.

A study of two 100-person groups of juvenile delinquents born in 1959 was conducted in the years 1981‒1985 at the Department of Criminology, Institute of Legal Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences. The first (experimental) group consisted of boys randomly selected from the total of 225 juveniles born in 1959 who had committed at least on offence while intoxicated. The other (control) group were 100 randomly juveniles selected from the entire population of 8196 juvenile delinquents born in 1959. None of the juveniles selected for the experimental group happened to find themselves in the control group as well. As shown by the findings, the juveniles who had committed at least one offence while intoxicated were much more demoralized as a group than the whole of juvenile delinquents. It seemed interesting, therefore, to follow the further fates of both groups as adults. The follow-up period was 7 years; until that time, all of the examined persons reached the age of 25 when the average Polish man be- comes stabilized to some extent, having graduated from university, worked for several or a dozen years (upon completion of secondary or elementary education respectively), and frequently having also established a family. Data on the life situation of the young men from both examined groups on their 25th birthday were obtained from the following four sources: ‒ the Central Register of Convicted Persons kept by the Ministry of Justice, and the Register of Convicted and Detained Persons where criminal records of the entire sample were checked; ‒ files of criminal cases of all men with criminal records (47.0% of the experimental and 35.0% of the control group); the files concerned criminal proceedings before common courts for offences committed after coming of age; ‒ questionnaire survey of 63.0% of the experimental and 66.0% of the control group; ‒ inquiry submitted to the sobering-up stations concerning the entire sample. As shown by the findings, 24.0% of the experimental and 13.0% of the control group established their own families before the age of 25. The proportions are high, as regards the experimental group in particular: erly in the 1980s, the newly married constituted about 10% of the total male population aged 20‒24 in Poland. The mean educational level was higher in the control compared to the experimental group; this concerns first and foremost cases of education higher than the elmementary technical (of which there were two in the experimental compared to ten in the control group). Moreover, no cases of illiteracy could be found in the control group, compared to one such case in the experimental group. Of all the men of the experimental group concerning whom data could be obtained, 80.4% had a regular job, and 19.6% stayed out of job or worked casually. Of the control group, 80.0% had a regular job (33% combining job with school), 18.3% stayed out of job or worked casually, and one person had entered university. The number of convicted persons in the experimental group (47) was larger compared to the control group (35) by 12.0%, the difference being significant. Also relapse into crime was higher in the expenmental group (l5 vs. 11 cases). The first offence committed by those convicted as young adults was mainly one against property: 35 cases in the experimental group (66.0% of all those convicted) and 28 cases in the control group (80.0%). The second most frequent offence of members of the experimental group was an aggressive act: against life and health, freedom, personal dignity and inviolability (10 persons, i.e. 18.8% of all those convicted). The offences of this type included: bodily injury (Art. 156 of the penal code – 3 persons, i.e. 6.4%); participation in a brawl or beating (Art. 158 and 159 – 1 person, i.e. 2.1%); infringement of bodily inviolability (Art. 182 – 3 persons, i.e. 6.4%); assault against a public functionary (Art. 233 and 234 – 1 person, i.e. 2.1%); insult against a public functionary (Art. 236 – 1 person, i.e. 2.1%). In the control group, 6 cases of such offences could be found (9.1% of all those convicted); yet the only offence under Art. 148 1 of the penal code, that is homicide, had been committed by a member of that goup.The other discussed figures and proportions were respectively: Art. l58, 159 – 3 persons, i.e. 8.6%; Art. 182 – 1 person (2.9%); Art. 233, 234 – 1 person (2.9%); and Art. 236 – 1 person (29%). Beside offences, the two groups manifested also other synptoms of social maladjustment. The symptoms found most often in both groups were: “contacts with persons known to the police as delinquent” and stays at the sobering-up station. As regards the experimental group, the third frequent symptom were brawls in the place of residence followed by bad opinion with neighbors, hooliganism, and avoidance of work. In the control group, avoidance of work ranked third, followed by bad opinion with neighbors, hooliganism, and brawls at the place of residence. This ranking of frequency of the symptoms of social maladjustment points to a greater aggressiveness of the young men from the experimental group. On the 63 young men from the experimental group concerning whom data could be obtained, 62 (98.0%) drank alcohol. In the control group 59 (89.0%) of the 66 concerning whom data could be obtained were drinkers. The group of drinkers included all those who had drunk several times a week already as juveniles, and 70% of those who had drunk once a week. In the control group, drinkers included 91.7% of those who had drunk as juvoniles (11 of 12 cases). Of those who had drunk as juveniles in the control group, 66.7% (8 cases) were convicted as adults. As shown by the discussed data, young men from the experimental group – those who committed as juveniles at least one offence while intoxicated prove much inferior in terms of the social situation to other men who also committed offences as juveniles but did not drink alcohol. Therefore, early alcohol consumption among juvenile delinquents is an important factor of a negative prognosis as to the further fates of such persons. A number of postulates have been formulated, addressed at the prosecuting agencies, criminal justice, and institutions designed to assist persons in extraordinary situation. With respect to the present sample, all such postulates acquire special importance and must be met without fail. Niniejszy artykuł stanowi kontynuację opracowania: Nieletni sprawcy przestępstw popełnionych pod wpływem alkoholu, „Archiwum Kryminologii” 1991, t. XVIII.

Background To investigate the effect of combined oral contraceptives (COC) on orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) and periodontal remodelling in a female rat model. Methods A total of 80 three-month-old female, Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into experimental and control groups. The maxillary first molars were moved mesially using nickel-titanium coil springs (50 g force). The experimental group (N = 40) ingested 1.5 ml COC (Marvelon, 0.12 mg/d, N.V. Organon, Oss, The Netherlands) daily. The control group (N = 40) ingested 1.5 ml saline (0.9% sodium chloride) daily. After 7, 14, 21 and 28 days of force application, 10 rats in each group were euthanased and a vernier calliper was used to measure the orthodontic movement of the first molar. Root resorption at pressure areas was assessed by H and E staining. Micro-CT was used to detect alveolar bone mineral density. Results and conclusion The amount of OTM in the experimental group (0.46 ± 0.16 mm) was significantly less than in the control group (0.85 ± 0.25 mm; p = 0.003) during the 28 days of observation. There were significantly smaller (p = 0.002) root resorption lacunae in the experimental group (111710 ± 4037 pixels) compared with the control group (204962 ± 21318 pixels) after 28 days. There was no statistically significant difference in the bone mineral density between the experimental and control groups throughout the study period (p > 0.05 at each time point). The short-term administration of COC may retard tooth movement and reduce the level of root resorption during OTM in female rats.

Rhizome of Curcuma longa and seeds of Carum Carvi a folk medicinal plant used as have antifertility potentials. Present investigation study the effect of both the plant on hormone and reproductive parameter of female rat. The aqueous and ethanolic extract of rhizome of Curcuma longa and seeds of Carum Carvi used for testing antifertility activity in female rat. Aqueous and ethanolic extract of plants were administered orally to female rat for 30 consecutive days. Estrous cycle, reproductive hormones (LH, FSH and estrogen) and weight of reproductive organ were studied in both control and extract-administered groups by using standard methods . The female albino rats after oral administration of different doses of aqueous and ethanolic extracts of Carum carvi and Curcuma longa, showed a significant antifertility activity. FSH and LH level was significantly decreased in both drugs while amount of estrogen in ethanolic extract of both the drugs treated animals was found to be increased.The blockage of estrus phase induced by treatment of aqueous and ethanolic extract of both drug. They also increase the weight of ovary, uterus and body weights while uterine weight in immature rats increased in extract treated group. The present study which was undertaken to find endocrinological and physiological changes in the reproductive system of female albino rats after oral administration of different doses of aqueous and ethanolic extracts of Carum carvi and Curcuma longa, showed a significant antifertility activity. Keywords: Antifertility; Estrogenic, Reproductive, Curcuma longa and Carum carvi

The instructional-educational process in learning to swim plays a crucial role in children's development. Approaching methods and use in training practices of all ages and performance levels have been the subject of ever deeper research, so that the effectiveness of training in this area is increasingly visible. The issue of motivation in sports is a topical issue because it is essential for athletes' involvement and performance. Although material stimulation can be considered an important factor in motivating athletes, it is not necessarily enough to commit them to an extremely difficult and risky path, such as that of performance sports. Athletes' motivation stems from a complex combination of factors, including passion for sport, the desire to demonstrate their skills and talents, the aspiration to achieve personal and collective goals, and the desire to achieve recognition and satisfaction through sporting success. The purpose of the research is to identify the level of motivation for swimming and performance of children aged 9-10 years. Research method: the test Motivation for swimming of children aged 9-10 years (adaptation after N. Luskanova) The test was applied by the researcher in October 2022 to a number of 30 children aged 9-10 who practice swimming in the Tirgoviște Swimming Complex and CSȘ Tirgoviște Swimming Pool. Depending on age, we have, within the experimental group, 7 children aged 9 and 8 children aged 10. Within the control group, we identify 6 children aged 9 years and 9 children aged 10 years. We observe that the two groups are homogeneous, referring to the age variable. Regarding the gender of the subjects who are part of the group subjected to the experiment, we observe homogeneity in terms of gender, in each group there are 5 girls and 10 boys. The distribution according to the residential environment from which they come is as follows: from the experimental group 3 subjects come from the rural environment and 12 from the urban environment, and in the control group 1 subject comes from the rural environment and 14 from the urban environment The test results can be seen in Table 1. The difference between the values obtained between the experimental and control groups is not significant from a statistical point of view, since the values of the statistical indicators are close, we observe small differences between them.Table 1. Distribution of results on the Motivation for swimming test of children aged 9-10 years (adaptation according to N. Luskanova), experimental group and control group (n=20 boys)tabelThe differences between the two groups in the statistical indicators are variable, the difference between the averages is small, 0.6 points, in the standard deviation the difference between the groups is 0.77 points, the minimums recorded are equal to 15 points, and the difference between the maximums of the groups is 1 point. These results show homogeneity regarding the level of motivation between the experimental group and that of the control group. Table 2. Analysis of the level of motivation for swimming in the experimental and control groups, boystabelWe find that the level of motivation for swimming of the interviewed subjects is good. On the first level are ranked 2 subjects from the experimental group SC with 26 points and CR with 25 points, and from the control group subject MR with 25 points. These subjects have a very good motivation to practice swimming. On the second level, a number of 3 subjects from experimental group II are ranked with 24 points, AN with 23 points, AT with 20 points and six control subjects BM with 24 points, NA and RN with 23 points each, CI, AI and VE with 21 points each. The motivation of these subjects is characterized as good. Level III, respectively of relatively good motivation, has 5 subjects from the experimental group in the ranking: DF with 19 points, MG with 18 points, BL and IA with 17 points, GI with 15 points. In the control group, three subjects were registered on this level: BG with 19 points, RO with 18 points and DC with 15 points. None of the subjects was ranked on level IV-weak motivation and on level 5-very weak motivation. Overall, the motivation of 9-10 year olds for swimming is good and relatively good. In the following we will analyze the results recorded by the girls' teams. Table 3. Distribution of results on the Motivation for swimming test of children aged 9-10 years (adaptation according to N. Luskanova), experimental group and control group, (n= 5 girls)tabelThe difference between the values obtained between the experimental and control groups is not statistically significant as the values of the statistical indicators are close in value. The difference between the averages of the two groups is 1.04 points, the standard deviation being 2.82 points in the case of the experimental group and 1.49 in the case of the control group. The difference between the minimum values is 1 point, and between the maximum values is 4 points in favor of the experimental group. The results obtained by the girls from the two groups subjected to the experiment, in the Motivation for swimming test of children aged 9-10 years, are as follows: on the first level, with a very good motivation, only GM ranked with 26 points, from the experimental group , on level II, with good motivation, the subjects AF with 22 points and BM with 20 points from the experimental group and DV with 22 points, AN and IF with 20 points each from the control group are highlighted. On level III, relatively good motivation, there are EL with 19 points and MT with 18 points from the experimental group and BP and NO with 18 points each from the control group. Table 4 Analysis of the level of motivation for swimming in the experimental and control groups, girlstabelConclusions The analysis of the obtained data shows us that both groups subjected to the experiment, both in the case of boys and girls, have a good motivation for swimming, but there is a need to increase the level of motivation to maintain interest in this sport and to register performance, through specific activities. We believe that an increased level of motivation among children between the ages of 9 and 10 in swimming practice can have a significant impact on their development both in sports and personally. In correlation with the research results, we propose the following recommendations: - For each group of children, by age level, a psychological training program targeting the motivational component will be developed, which will be integrated into the training process. This program will be adapted to the specific needs of the group and will aim to adapt motivation and, implicitly, sports performance. - The psychological training program will include strategies and techniques to support the development of children's motivation for swimming, promoting commitment, the desire to excel and perseverance in training and competitions. This could include, among other things, visualization sessions, stability of personal goals, working with thoughts and emotions to maintain a positive mindset and focus on success.

Purpose. To develop and scientifically substantiate the methodology of special physical and technical-tactical training of boys aged 14-15 years who are engaged in mixed martial arts. Material and methods. The following research methods were used to solve the tasks: theoretical analysis and synthesis of literary sources on the problem under study, pedagogical testing, pedagogical observations, the method of expert assessments, pedagogical experiment, methods of mathematical statistics. The study was conducted at the mixed martial arts club «Ludus» in Cherkasy. Cherkasy from September 2023 to October 2024. 30 sportsmen (16 in the experimental and 14 in the control group) aged 14-15 years old who had experience of training 5-6 years took part in the research. The athletes of the control group trained according to the generally accepted methodology, and the young men of the experimental group according to the developed methodology, which included the use of learned technical actions in various combat situations with active opposition from the enemy. For this purpose, the training process included competitive (sparring) exercises with a specific task for each athlete, acting as the «first» or «second» number, respectively. To improve the technique of kicking, exercises on a coordination ladder, exercises with a rubber expander and stuffed balls were used. Auxiliary exercises for increasing the power of kicks included exercises with weighting for the legs. Results. The results of the pedagogical experiment showed that the experimental methodology significantly improves the quality and level of assimilation of the program material by athletes. As a result, the level of indicators of specially physical and technical and tactical preparedness has significantly increased. So, during the experiment the force of a blow by a hand of sportsmen of the control group increased by 2 kg, and at sportsmen of the experimental group by 23 kg. The force of a kick in the control group increased by 10 kg, and in the experimental group by 26 kg. The result of a long jump from a place in sportsmen of the control group increased by 15,3 cm, and in the experimental group by 26,1 cm. At the beginning of the experiment the results of shuttle running of sportsmen of the control and experimental groups practically did not differ (the difference was 0,1s), at the end of the experiment this difference is 0,4 s. These differences are statistically significant (p<0,05). During the experiment, the number of jumps over a rope in 1 minute increased in the control group by 10 times, and in the experimental group by 19,5 times. In both cases the differences are statistically significant (p<0,05). At the beginning of the pedagogical experiment the level of technical and tactical preparedness of sportsmen of the experimental and control groups according to the results of experts' assessment practically did not differ. The number of sportsmen with a high level in the experimental group was 12,5 %, and in the control group 14,3 %. During the experiment period, this number increased in the experimental group by 25,0 %, and in the control group only by 7,1 %. The number of sportsmen with an average level of fitness in the experimental group increased significantly by 12,5 %, in the control group - by 7,2 %. Accordingly, the number of young sportsmen with a low level of technical and tactical fitness decreased during the experiment. Their number decreased by 37,5 % in the experimental group and by 14,3 % in the control group. Such significant changes in the level of technical and tactical fitness of sportsmen during the experiment are significant. All this confirms the effectiveness of the proposed approaches to the organization and content of the educational and training process for 14-15 years old who are engaged in mixed martial arts. Conclusions. The approbation of the experimental methodology of training of young sportsmen showed its high efficiency in the increase of indicators of specially physical and technical-tactical preparedness. As a result of the pedagogical experiment there is an increase of all studied indicators in both groups. However, this increase is statistically significant in the experimental group.

Alcohol Use disorder has been defined as the chronic relapsing brain with an inability to stop or control alcohol use despite adverse social, occupational, or health consequences. 17 million Americans have met the criteria to be diagnosed as having moderate to severe alcohol use disorder in the past decade. Relapse to alcohol seeking has become a public health concern.An increased amount of PECAM‐1 in the medial Prefrontal Cortex has been shown to be linked to enhanced reinstatement of alcohol seeking. It was hypothesized that endostatin would decrease PECAM‐1 in the mPFC. It was also hypothesized that changes in the behaviour of female rodents with ethanol dependence who were treated using endostatin would be linked to their estrous cycles. Saline was used as the control vehicle in this experiment and endostatin as the variable. The rodents were divided into a control group with no alcohol dependence, a group with no alcohol dependence who were administered endostatin, and a group which was alcohol dependant who were also administered endostatin. Alcohol dependence was established by exposing the rats to ethanol vapor.The results found that in rodents with alcohol dependence, endostatin reduced relapse to drinking in female rats. The estrous cycle in female rats is comparable to menstruation in female humans. However, in rats, there are four phases: proestrus, estrous, metestrous, and diestrus. Estrous phase sample stains showed that Endostatin was not responsible for the changes in estrous phases. There was however, a significant change in estrous phases of rats with any form of alcohol consumption. Future research on this project will determine the underlying mechanisms of how exactly alcohol is able to alter the estrous cycles of rats. It will also determine the role of estrous phases in alcohol dependence. Additionally, endostatin can be research as a viable treatment for alcohol use disorder.Support or Funding InformationUCSD STARS Program ]MARC U STAR CSUB NIHFigure 3. (left panel); Drinking behavior in CIE female and male rats during baseline, CIE and relapse to drinking sessions. Female rats have higher ethanol intake during baseline sessions and this difference did not persist during CIE. There was a trend towards higher response during relapse session in females (right panel); Drinking behavior in CIE female and male rats during relapse session with or without endostatin treatment. There was a significant sex × endostatin interaction F (3, 93) = 2.751, p=0.04 and main effect of endostatin treatment F (3, 93) = 4.05, p<0.05 with females showing reduced drinking during relapse sessions after endostatin treatment. N=6 to 13 rats in each group. Data is expressed as mean +/− SEM.Figure 1Figure 2. (left panel); Drinking behavior in ED female and male rats during baseline, maintenance and relapse to drinking sessions. Female rats have higher ethanol intake during baseline sessions and this difference did not persist during maintenance. There were no differences during relapse session between males and females. (right panel); Drinking behavior in ED female and male rats during relapse session with or without endostatin treatment. There was no significant effect of endostatin in either sexes tested. N=6 to 13 rats in each group. Data is expressed as mean +/− SEM.Figure 2

Aim : study the change in level of insulin, cholesterol ,urea, creatinine and the weight of rats, when uptake orally of Aqueous Extract of (leek) for Female albino Rats. Methodology: Between march 2015 and January 2016, 20 female white rats They were randomized into two groups one of it is a control group and others treated with the aqueous extract warm of Allium porrum (leek) plants for concentration (800) mg/kg and taken for 1 month. This study was conducted in laboratories of physiology and chemistry at the faculty of pharmacollogy Medicine /University of Kufa. Results: It shows significantly increase (p 0.05) in the insulin hormone of white female rats for concentration 800 mg/kg comparing with control group, It also shown decrease (p 0.05) in the cholesterol level in plasma female rats for concentration 800 mg/kg which equaled with control group, and shown decrease (p 0.05) the weight of the rats. While the urea shows significantly decrease (p 0.05) the white female rats for concentration 800 mg/kg compared with control group. Conclusion: the creatinine shows significantly decrease (p 0.05) the white female rats for concentration 800 mg/kg compared with control group . In short comparing with control group. The aqueous of leek extract acts as increase insulin in white female rats while negative effect of aqueous extract of leek on Cholesterol, Urea and Creatinine and weight of the rats.

Before employing the flipped classroom approach, pupils' pre-test results were much lower than they were after using it.The preferences of both the male and female control and experimental groups were influenced by the flipped classroom and lecture content, respectively.When it came to assessing evolutionary relationships, there were substantial differences between the experimental and control groups.Phylogeny evaluation was performed on the post-test, and the females in the experimental group fared much better than the females in the control group.In terms of systematic differences, there was a statistically significant difference in post-test findings between the experimental and control groups for both males and females.On the other hand, the overall evaluation of Females in the experimental group outperformed males in the post-test.When the post-test data were compared between males and females, it was discovered that there was a significant variation in phylogeny between the experimental and control groups.On the post-test, males in the experimental group outperformed women in the control group, indicating that the study was successful.The responses to the Motivation to Learn Survey Questionnaire from both the experimental and control groups were compared.The control group had a higher mean score in motivation than the experimental group, but the extrinsic goal-oriented group had a mean score that was close to that of the control and experimental groups, as shown in Table 1.The intrinsicgoal orientation, control of learning beliefs, and self-efficacy of the control group were all shown to be significantly different from the experimental group.The relationship between intrinsic goal orientation and task value was not statistically significant.

Exercise and the development and persistence of dietary obesity in male and female rats

Objective To compare the clinical efficacy and long-term survival between anlotinib monotherapy and anlotinib plus docetaxel in patients with lung carcinoma. Methods Between October 2019 and December 2021, 84 patients with lung cancer diagnosed and treated at our hospital were enrolled and randomly allocated to the control (n = 42) and experimental (n = 42) groups. Patients in the control group only received anlotinib, whereas those in the experimental group were administered both anlotinib and docetaxel. The clinical effectiveness, long-term survival, and other associated variables of the two groups were compared. Results There were no CR cases, 7 PR cases, 22 SD cases, and 13 PD cases in the control group. In the experimental group, there were 4 cases of CR, 20 cases of CR, 11 cases of SD, and 7 cases of PD. The overall clinical effectiveness of the experimental group was much higher than that of the control group. There were 3 cases of anemia, 5 cases of pyrexia, 6 cases of proteinuria, 9 cases of nausea and vomiting, and 4 cases of abnormal liver and renal function in the control group. (P < 0.05). In the experimental group, there were 2 cases of anemia, 3 cases of pyrexia, 1 case of proteinuria, 5 cases of nausea and vomiting, and 1 case of abnormal liver and kidney function. The incidence of adverse reactions in the experimental group was significantly lower than in the control group (64.29%) (P < 0.05). According to the two-year follow-up results, the survival rate was 19.05% in the control group and 54.76% in the experimental group, and the mortality rate was 80.95% in the control group and 45.24% in the experimental group. The experimental group had a significantly higher survival rate than the control group (P < 0.05). Conclusion Anlotinib combined with docetaxel is a safe and effective treatment for lung carcinoma to reduce the incidence of adverse reactions and improve the long-term survival rate. These benefits make it worthy of a broader clinical application. Although pharmacological treatment was applied in this study based on the mechanism, specific bioeffective markers are yet to be identified, presenting a direction for future research.

It is a study to assess the effectiveness of structured teaching programme on knowledge and practice of postoperative care among parents of children with cleft lip and cleft palate in a selected hospital, Dehradun, Uttarakhand. Objective: The main objectives of the study was to compare the post-test knowledge of parents on postoperative care of cleft lip and cleft palate in control and experimental group and to assess the post-test practice of parents on post-operative care of cleft lip and cleft palate in control and experimental group. Methodology: Quasi-experimental, two groups pre-test and post-test designs were used in the study. The study was done in selected hospital Dehradun, Uttarakhand. The sample comprised of 60 parents of children with cleft lip and cleft palate who fulfilled inclusion criteria. All the participants who are available at the time of data collection were taken consecutively. Data was collected from participants by conducting interview schedule using structured knowledge questionnaire and observation practice checklist. Result: The result showed that in experimental group the mean post-test knowledge score (18.90 ± 0.95) was higher than the mean post-test knowledge score (10.46 ± 1.52) in control group which was found statistically significant at p<0.05. The mean post-test practice score in experimental group in day 1 was 10.40 ± 1.95 which was higher than the control group 7.00 ± 1.59 and the ‘t’ value was 7.36. Again the mean post-test practice score in experimental group in day 2 was 11.80 ± 1.95 which was higher than the control group 6.66 ± 1.72 and the ‘t’ value was 11.84. On third day the mean post-test practice score in experimental group was 10.76 ± 2.26 which was higher than the control group 6.43 ± 1.45 and the ‘t’ value was 8.80. Hence the score predict that there was significant difference between the mean post-test practice in experimental and control group at p<0.05 level. So there was no evidence to accept the null hypothesis, hence the researcher rejects the null hypothesis and accepted the research hypothesis. Conclusion: It was concluded that structured teaching programme on post-operative care of cleft lip and cleft palate was effective in increasing knowledge and practice of parents.

Introduction: Cervical cancer is one of the most common cancer types among women in developing countries. Women’s behavior in the early detection of the disease is influenced by various factors. Material and methods: The study was carried out in selected area. Total 60 women in age group of 25-50 years, 30 for experimental group from village Mundia and 30 for control group from village Bhattia Bet study was done by using nonprobability convenience sampling technique. Results: Total 60 women are included in the study. The study assessed the demographic variables of women in the control and experimental groups. In terms of age, most women in the control group were 31-40 years, while majority were in the experimental group 25-30 years. Regarding education, most women in both groups had completed 10th grade. Occupation wise, most women were housewifes & small percentage in private or government jobs. Most women in both groups were married, with family incomes primarily between ?5000-?10,000. A few women had a family history of cancer. The majority of women in the control group received information from mass media, while in the experimental group, it was from health workers. Only one woman in the experimental group had a previous Pap smear test. The comparison of pre and post-test mean knowledge scores on cervical cancer showed that in the control group, the pre and post-test scores (9.53, 12.23) were statistically non-significant. However, in the experimental group, the pre and post-test scores (9.37, 31.47) showed a highly significant difference at p<0.05. Additionally, there was no significant difference between the pre-test mean knowledge scores of the control and experimental groups (9.53 vs 9.37), but the post-test scores (12.23 vs 31.47) were significantly different at p<0.05. Therefore, the structured teaching program was effective in improving women’s knowledge about cervical cancer, leading to the acceptance of the research hypothesis (H1). Conclusion: The study assessed the knowledge of women about cervical cancer before and after implementing a structured teaching plan, with participants divided into experimental and control groups.

The number of studies reporting that the electromagnetic field (EMF) emitted by mobile phones affects human health is increasing by the day. In previous studies we reported that a 900 megahertz (MHz) EMF applied throughout the prenatal period reduced the number of pyramidal cells in the cornu ammonis of rat pups in the postnatal period. In this study we investigated the effect of a 900 MHz EMF applied on days 13-21 of the prenatal period on the number of pyramidal cells in the cornu ammonis of rat pups in the postnatal period. For that purpose, pregnant rats were divided into experimental and control groups. Experimental group pregnant rats were exposed to the effect of a 900 MHz EMF on days 13-21 of pregnancy. No procedure was applied to the control group. Newborn female rat pups were added to the study, and no procedure was performed on these after birth. Five newborn female rats were obtained from the experimental group and six from the control group. All female rat pups were decapitated on the postnatal 32nd day, and histological procedures were performed on the brain tissues. Sections were stained with Cresyl fast violet. The optical dissector technique was used to estimate the total number of pyramidal cells in the cornu ammonis. Sections of cornu ammonis were subjected to histopathological evaluations. Our results showed that exposure to 900 MHz EMF during prenatal days 13-21 led to a significant decrease in the number of pyramidal cells in the cornu ammonis of the experimental group female rat pups (P<0.05). Histopathological examination revealed picnotic cells in the cornu ammonis in experimental female rat pups. The pyramidal cell loss in the cornu ammonis may therefore be attributed to exposure to 900 MHz EMF in days 13-21 of the prenatal period. NeuroQuantology | December 2013 | Volume 11 | Issue 4 | Page 591-599