БІЗНЕС-АНАЛІТИКА СУЧАСНОГО СТАНУ СІЛЬСЬКОГО ГОСПОДАРСТВА В ХЕРСОНСЬКІЙ ОБЛАСТІ

The article conducted comprehensive studies of the economic efficiency of using feed in milk production in Ukrainian agricultural enterprises. The principal value and natural indicators that characterize the productivity of feed use in dairy cattle breeding are defined. Based on the benchmarking technique, an assessment of the relative technological efficiency of the use of feed by the regions of Ukraine was carried out, and potential reserves of their reduction relative to the reference value of the indicator of feed consumption per 1 t of milk was established. The main measures to increase the economic efficiency of using feed in milk production in Ukraine's agricultural enterprises are proposed. According to the results of the study, it was established that the payment of feed in enterprises that produce milk in Ukraine for 2010-2023 increased from 2.5 to 17 UAH per 1 feed unit, which is due to the devaluation of the national currency during the studied period and partly due to the increase in technological efficiency use of fodder. In terms of US dollars, the feed payment for milk production during the same period increased from 0.31 to 0.51 dollars per 1 feed unit. As of the end of 2023, Ukrainian enterprises spent an average of 0.41 dollars of the cost of all types of feed to obtain 1 dollar of the cost of raw milk sold. Accordingly, for 1 dollar of the cost of fodder, enterprises produce and sell raw milk worth 2.41 dollars. It is essential to diversify milk sales channels with a partial focus on direct sales directly to the final consumer, taking into account the almost three-fold ratio between the level of retail and wholesale prices of milk sales. To increase the economic efficiency of the use of fodder in the dairy cattle industry of Ukraine, it is also necessary to implement a system of organizational and technological measures to improve the conditions of keeping, animal care, veterinary support, optimization of feeding rations, fodder storage conditions, implementation of cow productivity monitoring using specialized software.

The article is devoted to the formation of strategic directions for the development of foreign economic activity of Ukrainian agricultural enterprises in terms of the European integration, based on the inductive method. As a case study, the domestic vertically integrated agricultural holding Astarta was selected. The company specializes in growing grain and oilseed crops (including organic), sugar production, dairy farming, soybean processing, and bioenergy. It was found the high economic performance of Astarta’s is largely due to its strong integration into the European and international agri-food markets. Approximately half of the company’s foreign currency revenues are generated from the export of agricultural raw materials - grain and oilseeds. One of the key success factors of Astarta in foreign markets is its responsible and consistent compliance with international quality standards for final products. Some of the opportunities and threats for Ukrainian agricultural enterprises in terms of the EU intergration were summarized. Through a SWOT-analysis, the main strengths and weaknesses of Astarta in domestic and foreign markets were identified, along with the systematization of opportunities and threats facing the enterprise under conditions of European integration and martial law. The TOWS-analysis method made it possible to formulate and justify key strategic directions for the development of Astarta’s foreign economic activity. To leverage opportunities through its strengths, the company is advised to focus on scaling up production and entering new markets, particularly in EU member states, with organic food products. To counteract the threats arising from the European integration, several strategic directions were proposed based on the enterprise’s strengths: deepening soybean processing to the stage of soybean protein concentrate production for further export, developing compound feed production and gradually entering export markets using the enterprise’s own raw material base, launching export-oriented bioethanol production, fully aligned with the principles of the EU Green Deal. Moreover, it was established that Astarta’s weaknesses can be mitigated by using available opportunities, such as expanding the production and export of ISCC-certified soybean oil. Finally, reducing exports of raw agricultural materials (grain and oilseeds) and optimizing production chains to enhance flexibility during wartime disruptions was determined to be a justified strategic step to eliminate Astarta’s weaknesses amid external threats. As a result of the study, universal principles were proposed for developing strategic directions for the foreign economic activity of domestic agricultural enterprises in terms of the EU integration – resilience, sustainability, and a focus on deep processing of agricultural raw materials.

Annotation Purpose. Identify promising areas of increasing the efficiency and environmental friendliness of crop production in agricultural enterprises. Methods. Monographic, economic-mathematical, analytical, systems engineering. Results. Current trends in the development of agricultural technologies and their technical support are considered, a methodological approach to the formation of an effective technical and technological base of agricultural enterprises is proposed. It is established that the main factors that affect the efficiency and environmental friendliness of crop production are technologies and technical means for their implementation. In economically developed countries, technological innovation provides 70–90% of gross domestic product growth. A methodological approach to the formation of an effective technical and technological base of agricultural enterprises on the basis of innovative technologies and technical means with technical and operational parameters, consistent with the volume of mechanized work and rational agrotechnical terms for their implementation, is proposed. Conclusions. The main paradigm of the latest technologies for crop production is greening, which is based on the harmonization of the relationship between technology and soils, which will reduce the physical degradation of soils and preserve their fertility. Greening of agriculture in the context of global climate change should be based on targeted tillage, the introduction of the main dose of nutrients in the area of seed sowing, and preservation of crop residues of the predecessor (green manure) in rows to protect soil from overheating and moisture loss. To ensure efficient production of crop products in the agricultural enterprise should be formed technical and technological base based on science-intensive technologies and the latest technical means with technical and operational parameters consistent with the scope of work and rational agro-technical terms of their implementation. Keywords: technologies, technical and technological base, volumes of mechanized robots, technical means, technical and operational parameters.

The national interests of the state are to ensure socio-economic development based on the efficient and rational use, protection and reproduction of land resources in the production of organic products, as well as maintaining a healthy environment. This determines the urgency of harmonizing national policies in the field of reorganization, modernization and development sectors of the economy, and in the provision of services with policies on environmental protection, rational use of natural resources, public health, the formation and use of mechanisms to address these problems, taking into account the situation and the laws of a market economy. This article examines the process of agricultural production taking into account environmental factors and ensuring the rational use of land resources. The importance of soil quality indicators, as well as their impact on land use of agricultural enterprises for the production of organic products is substantiated. The optimal ecological strategy is recommended for most agricultural enterprises of Ukraine. The processes of development of organic food products in Ukraine were considered, as well as the essence and meaning of the concept of “organic products”. The expediency of organic production is proved and the factors of influence of organic products on society are considered. An effective way to improve the condition of soils and lands, increase their fertility in the future. The importance of crop rotations for improving the efficiency and fertility of land resources of Ukraine has been established. Purpose. Creating a market for organic products and proposals for the rational use of land resources. Results. The essence and concept of organic products are revealed. The process of agricultural production is studied taking into account environmental factors and ensuring the rational use of land resources. The importance of soil quality indicators, as well as their impact on land use of agricultural enterprises for the production of organic products is substantiated. The optimal ecological strategy is recommended for most agricultural enterprises of Ukraine. The expediency of organic production is proved and the factors of influence of organic products on society are considered. Proposals for improving the efficiency of land use, improving the condition of soils and lands, increasing their fertility in the future. The national interests of the state are revealed, which are to ensure socio-economic development based on efficient and rational use, protection and reproduction of land resources in the process of organic production, as well as maintaining a healthy environment. Conclusions. The urgency of creating a market for organic products and improving the efficiency of land use and creating sustainable systems of organic production that contribute to the preservation of ecosystems and gradually improve soil quality, which is an integral part of environmental and economic policy, which ensures rational use, protection and management of land resources , is important. In this context, the organization of rational and efficient land use includes creating the best conditions for organic production, reproduction and protection of soil fertility, increasing its role in agricultural production, scientifically sound interaction of soils with other natural factors, ensuring the development of the most complete and correct criteria, methods and techniques. Scientifically substantiated alternation of crops and vapors in time and territory or only in time (rotation) in advance according to a defined plan, and is accompanied by an appropriate tillage system. Thanks to the crop rotation system – a systematic increase in yield, provides the largest production of agricultural products per unit area with the lowest financial costs and labor, and ensures the rational use of land resources in the production of organic products.

The purpose of the article is to analyze correlation between production volume (V), labour factor (L) and capital factor (K) with further production volume forecasting of researched agricultural enterprises in Ukraine as well as their competitiveness in the European market. Methodology. The survey based on statistical data of State statistics service in Ukraine, Poland and accounting data of investigated enterprises during 2004-2013 years. Production volume and capital amount taken in monetary terms, labour factor is calculated in monetary terms using the average wage and the number of employees. Treatment of major production factors according to classical economic theory is generalized. Correlation of V, L and K factors are calculated using method of the least squares in production function evaluation. Production volume of enterprises A and B are forecasted with further evaluation of its reliability in the econometric program EViews 7. Results of the survey showed the dominant role of L factor over the K factor especially after world economic crisis 2008 in investigated agricultural enterprises of Ukraine. According to high determination coefficient, the influence of both factors on production volume is 85% for enterprise A and 95% for enterprise B. Production forecast shows the increase of its volume till 2020 in both enterprises with high probability according to forecast credibility indicator MAPE. Practical implications. Application of the results, in particular the ratio of production factors and forecast of production volume, will allow more effective use of production resources and better planning of production process taking into account market conditions. Value/originality. Production activity estimation and output forecast of investigated agricultural enterprises were used for competitiveness analysis of agricultural enterprises in Ukraine and Poland, which is important for European integration process of domestic economy.

The article is devoted to the study of issues related to the identification of production and economic activity of agricultural enterprises of various organizational and legal forms of management at the regional level, as well as coverage of proposals for the formation of an effective system of strategic directions for their sustainable operation. The article analyzes the dynamics of the average annual growth rate of gross crop and livestock production in agricultural enterprises of the Chernihiv region, which is the ninth-largest agricultural region in the country. It is determined that in 2019 in the region operated more than 1,300 agricultural enterprises, of which there are more than 650 farms, 311 companies, and 117 private enterprises. It is established that the main problems that are constantly faced by domestic producers are: the imperfection of the tools of regulatory regulation of agricultural entrepreneurship; high-interest rates on bank loans; lack of financial, logistical, human resources; inefficient system of information support of business activity; unsatisfactory business support infrastructure; inefficient business management. The analysis of research revealed key factors influencing the development of organizational and legal forms of domestic agricultural enterprises, which included economic, environmental, social, legal, organizational, and informational. Based on the conducted researches measures on the formation of strategic directions of effective development of the agricultural enterprises of the Chernihiv region are offered. These areas combine economic, organizational, legal, informational, and innovation-investment components. It is determined that the defining condition for the implementation of these areas is a systematic approach, which in the future will provide a synergistic effect in improving the efficiency of economic entities.

The article is devoted to the evaluation of the effectiveness of state support for milk production in Ukraine. It is proved that in order to overcome the negative trends in the industry and increase the investment attractiveness of dairy farming in the strategic and future perspective, it is necessary to increase the effectiveness of state regulation, increase state support and improve subsidy mechanisms. We believe that the positive impact on ensuring the efficiency of milk production in agricultural enterprises has also been achieved through the introduction of such a tool as subsidies to finance the construction of new farms. We believe that it is necessary to introduce cheaper costs for the modernization of production facilities in agricultural enterprises, construction of innovative processing facilities. It is proved that the low efficiency of state regulation instruments of dairy farming and large amounts of investment, the industry does not attract new producers. In addition, the country has not created appropriate conditions for the transition of OSG from milk production to small businesses and increasing the production capacity of farms, which also does not lead to the emergence of new players in the raw milk market. At the same time, the experts took into account the risk of entering new foreign players. It is established that the main factors of the external environment that affect the effective development of dairy farming are: state support of the industry and innovation, improving the investment climate. Internal factors of effective development of the industry are related to; availability and optimal structure of fixed and current assets; rational selection and placement of staff; rational use of forage lands; improving the breed composition of the herd; development of material and technical base; increasing the rate of renewal of fixed assets; increasing the level of mechanization and automation of technological processes; introduction of innovative technologies of cattle keeping and feeding; compliance with scientific requirements for herd reproduction; integrated diversification; development of the system of planning and forecasting, rationing and cost control; an effective system of employee motivation, a flexible management system and appropriate social security for employees. Key words: state support, agricultural enterprise, dairy cattle breeding, efficiency, population economy.

The subject of the study is the economic efficiency of the use of land resources by agricultural enterprises. Methodology. The research was conducted using general scientific methods, in particular: theoretical generalization, methods of positive and normative analysis, statistical analysis. The goal is to analyze the dynamics of economic efficiency of land use by agricultural enterprises. Research conclusion. The economic efficiency of reproduction processes is the ratio of the amount of newly created value to the amount of capital, the cost of all resources and some of their main types. The peculiarity of the reproduction of land resources is that they are combined with the stage of production of agricultural products, when the reproduction of soil fertility is carried out in a single technological process of growing crops. Analysis of the efficiency of use of land resources by agricultural enterprises in Ukraine, which has significant areas of land suitable for agricultural production. It should be noted that agricultural land should be used more efficiently than in other countries. The activity of agricultural enterprises in general and their use of land resources can be characterized as extensive – a large number of resources are involved, and the return from each resource unit is low. In addition, the fact that landowners are not in a hurry to sell their agricultural land, realizing that in a few years a completely different offer price will be formed, as agricultural companies will enter the game and the demand for agricultural land will be much higher. It is necessary to mention that there are some difficulties in the research process, because today it is impossible to reflect the total volume of the Ukrainian agricultural land market in monetary terms, since the transaction price is declared in only 55% of the concluded transactions. In 2022, the average price of buying and selling agricultural land in Ukraine will be 38,560 UAH/ha. This is 28% higher than the average normative monetary value of arable land in Ukraine, which is UAH 27,520/ha.

The result of the long existence of legal restrictions on the agricultural land market in Ukraine was the formation of a specific leasehold system of land use. Agricultural enterprises and farms do not have land owned. Instead, the peasants who became owners of land during the distribution of collective farms, mostly do not process these parcels of land on their own, but also deprived of the right to alienate them (to sell, give, change). The study shows the development of leased land use of agricultural enterprises in Ukraine, which currently covers 16.8 million hectares of private land and about 1 million hectares of state-owned land. Since 2003, the civil law of Ukraine permitted to apply not only the lease of agricultural land, but also the emphyteusis right (the alienated right to use someone’s land for agricultural purposes), the process of transformation of lease into emphyteusis was started, especially in large agricultural holdings. The main advantages of emphyteusis as a substantive law and its attractiveness for agribusiness are considered. The suggestions on improving the legal regulation of land use under conditions of emphyteusis are given.

The relevance of this study is driven by the growing importance of the circular economy as a tool for enhancing the financial resilience of agricultural enterprises under conditions of resource constraints, environmental challenges, and ongoing economic transformations in Ukraine. This issue is particularly significant for agricultural enterprises, which possess substantial potential for resource recirculation and cost reduction. The purpose of the study is to assess the financial effects of implementing circular practices in Ukrainian agricultural enterprises using an integrated circularity index and to identify the relationship between the level of circularity and financial efficiency. The research design is based on a combination of theoretical analysis and empirical assessment. A comparative analysis of enterprises with different levels of circularity was conducted, and enterprises were grouped according to the value of the integrated circularity index. The study was carried out considering the limited availability of primary financial data. The main hypothesis assumes that a higher level of circular practice implementation has a positive impact on the financial efficiency and financial resilience of agricultural enterprises. Empirical insights were obtained through the synthesis of academic literature, analytical reports, and calculation-based estimates. The methodological framework includes the index method, comparative analysis, systematization, and generalization. Cost reduction, energy efficiency gains, cash flow stability, and the potential for additional revenue were assessed. Graphical methods were applied to visualize the financial effects. As a result of the study, circular practices in agricultural enterprises were analyzed, financial effects of their implementation were identified, the relationship between the circularity index and cost reduction was established, additional revenue potential was assessed, and practical recommendations were developed. The economic feasibility of circular solutions as a tool for strengthening financial resilience rather than short-term profitability was substantiated. The theoretical contribution of the study lies in the development of approaches to assessing the financial effects of circular economy implementation at the enterprise level. The practical value consists in the applicability of the proposed integrated circularity index and recommendations in financial management of agricultural enterprises. The originality of the research lies in combining an index-based approach with financial evaluation of circular practices in the agricultural sector of Ukraine. Future research directions include expanding the empirical base and applying panel data methods.

Topicality. The implementation of an innovative way of development of the agricultural sector will increase the competitiveness of Ukrainian agriculture. Using the experience of developed countries and adapting certain models of innovative development of agricultural enterprises and the national economy as a whole, agricultural producers of the country can effectively manage production and economic processes, grow high-yield, high-quality and competitive products, increase the efficiency and profitability of production, reduce the consumption of material, energy, and labor and natural resources, reduce the negative impact on the environment.Aim and tasks. The purpose of this scientific paper is to study different views on the definition of the conceptual approach of innovation and investment development of the material and technical base of enterprises of Ukraine. This purpose made it possible to form the following tasks: to deepen the theoretical aspects of the economic essence of the material and technical base for the agricultural market, to reveal the conditions and regularities of its functioning; to assess the current state of innovations implemented by agricultural enterprises of Ukraine and to identify the main trends in their development.Materials and Methods. In the process of working on the article, materials of own research, analysis of statistical data, publications of domestic scientists were used. The research was carried out using the following methods: historical, induction and deduction, analysis and synthesis - to outline the evolutionary, process-historical provisions of the formation of the theory and methodology of the development of the material and technical base.Research results. The transition to the innovation-investment model of economic development is impossible without attracting investments. In accordance with the legislation, investments are made in the form of capital investments for the purpose of reproduction of fixed assets and increase of reserves. Investment is a cumulative process of investing capital, during which successive changes in various forms of value take place; there is a dynamic relationship between interdependent elements of investment activity - resources - expenses - income. Innovation is the use of new forms of business organization and management, as well as intellectual work and technological developments aimed at improving social and economic activity. Investment and innovation processes should not be considered separately, but together. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a model of innovation-investment activity that combines the principles of investment and innovation, methods and mechanisms of implementation, criteria for making innovation-investment decisions. (knau.kharkov.ua) The goal of the innovation and investment process is to increase the economic potential of the enterprise's material and technical base.Conclusion. The development of agriculture requires material and technical support that meets the standards of the EU and developed countries of the world. However, the problem of capital equipment of agricultural production in Ukraine has not been solved due to the narrowing of the reproduction of the main capital of the industry and the insufficient rate of accumulation in recent years. Increasing the productivity of agricultural enterprises is practically impossible without the introduction of innovations and investments in the material and technical base. Positive results can be achieved through the introduction of new production technologies, optimization of the machine and tractor fleet, rational use of land resources and soil cultivation, rational sowing and crop rotation, introduction of new varieties and hybrids that are more productive in terms of zoning, as well as the use of environmentally friendly and resource-saving technologies. Technological innovations and investments, optimization of the production complex and adaptation to modern trends in the agricultural market increase the economic efficiency and profitability of enterprises.

Agricultural enterprises play a significant role in China’s economic development. However, compared with other enterprises, agricultural enterprises are facing serious financial problems. Financing difficulty is essentially a question of financing efficiency. Based on the DEA method, this paper evaluates the financing efficiency of 39 agricultural listed companies in China from 2013 to 2017. The results suggest that the financing efficiency is generally low, and the Total Factor Productivity of agricultural enterprises’ financing has a tendency to decrease first and then increase. The influencing factors of financing efficiency are analyzed using the Tobit regression model and the random forest regression model. And we find the following: (1) The random forest regression model significantly outperformed the Tobit regression model, with determination coefficients (R2) greater than 0.9 in full sample sets. (2) Total liability, financial expenses, return on total assets, and inventory turnover rate are important factors affecting financing efficiency of agricultural listed companies. (3) Return on total assets and inventory turnover rate promote the financing efficiency, while total liability and financial expenses reduce financing efficiency. Finally, the paper makes some suggestions for the financing of agricultural enterprises.

The paper highlights the legal basis for the activities of agricultural enterprises in line with changes in tax legislation. It is pointed out that the dynamics of legal norms results in the imperfection of the legal regulation of taxation of agricultural enterprises, while the harmonization of Ukrainian legislation with the law of the European Union is a necessary condition for our country's accession to the European community. Thus, as a result of the administrative reform and decentralization processes in Ukraine, communities function as the main foundations of the activities of collectives of settlements, Starostyn districts. We have established that an agricultural enterprise in modern communities is an enterprise whose main activity is the supply of agricultural goods (services) produced (provided) by it on its own or leased fixed assets, as well as on toll terms, in which the share of agricultural goods/services is not less than 75 percent of the value of all goods/services delivered during the previous 12 consecutive reporting tax periods combined. In the case of creation of a new agricultural enterprise, which operates for at least 12 months, the specified share is determined for each individual reporting tax period. In addition, this does not include taxable transactions for the supply of fixed assets that were part of its fixed assets for at least 12 consecutive reporting tax periods in total, if such transactions were not permanent and did not constitute a separate business activity. Such enterprises have the right to choose a general or simplified system of taxation. Prospective directions of further improvement of the national legislation are offered taking into account necessity of understanding of features of realization of agricultural activity, a disparity of the prices for production and means of its manufacture, dependence on natural and climatic conditions, profitability of separate branches of agriculture, prevention of discrimination between agricultural commodity producers for the taxation of small agricultural producers.

The problem of the concentration of agricultural land has now acquired a global character. Recently the problem of concentration of agricultural land has been identified as one of the major threats to European agriculture. For example, in Report Against Land Concentration recently adopted by the European Parliament calls on the Commission to maintain, during the development of the draft CAP for the period after 2020, measures to combat the concentration of agricultural land and to develop additional measures in support of micro, small and medium-sized enterprises. As a result of research an assessment of the current state and trends of land concentration in agricultural enterprises of Ukraine was made and the effect of the level of land concentration on the competitiveness of farms was investigated. One of the directions of the agrarian policy was proposed to be directed at preventing the monopolization of the land rental market through scientifically based restriction of the level of concentration of agricultural land. At the same time it is necessary to support agricultural enterprises that meet the criteria of a village-preserving model.

The purpose of the article – is to determine of tends of agricultural enterprises development in Ukraine based on their seg-mentation on typical for the aims of the research groups and the establishment of the author’s assessment toolkit as one of the preconditions for the formation of differentiated measures of agricultural policy. Research methods. The dialectical method of cognition and systemic method of research of tendencies of agricultural enter-prises development as prerequisites for more substantiated formation of differentiated measures of agricultural policy are the theoretical basis of the article. The results of the research are obtained based on using such main methods as generalization and compare. Three the most significant groups of agricultural enterprises and component of the tools research have been determined based on generalization method. Using the comparison method, the analysis of the performance indicators of the subjects of these groups was carried out. Research results. Trends in the development of agricultural enterprises in Ukraine are considered, three characteristic groups of enterprises are distinguished: farms, conditionally medium agricultural enterprises, with a land use area of 10,000 hectares and large agricultural enterprises with a land use area of more than 10,000 hectares. Scientific novelty. The authors toolkit of research has been formed. It includes the next indicators: number enterprises in groups, the size of agricultural area, the number of employees in plant production and animal husbandry, land supply per employee, average monthly salary, gross output, income (revenue), income per 100 hectares of agricultural land and per employee, level of profitability in plant production and animal husbandry. Practical significance. The results of the article can be used for the elaboration of the differentiated measures of agricultural policy. Tabl.: 4. Refs.: 17.