Корекція психоемоційного стресу при лікуванні хворих на генералізований пародонтит

Актуальність. Пошук патогенетичних методів лікування, що спрямовані на нормалізацію імунного статусу хворого на туберкульоз без призначення специфічних імуномодуляторів, залишається актуальним. Це стало основою для планування нашого дослідження. Ентеросорбенти є безпечними препаратами, що мають імуномодулюючі властивості, і ці властивості забезпечуються не прямим, а опосередкованим їх впливом на стан системного імунітету завдяки детоксикаційній дії. Мета дослідження — вивчити вплив фітоентеросорбенту на показники системного імунітету та ефективність застосування його в комплексному лікуванні хворих на вперше діагностований деструктивний туберкульоз легень. Матеріали та методи. У рандомізованому контрольованому дослідженні брали участь 125 пацієнтів. Це були хворі на лікарсько-чутливий туберкульоз органів дихання з розпадом легеневої тканини та без розпаду і 25 здорових добровольців. Вивчали стан гуморальної, клітинної ланок імунітету, нейтрофільного та моноцитарного фагоцитозу. А також проводили дослідження впливу використання фітоентеросорбенту в комплексній терапії хворих на туберкульоз на концентрацію протитуберкульозного препарату ізоніазиду в крові хворих. Результати. Використання в комплексній терапії хворих на лікарсько-чутливий вперше діагностований деструктивний туберкульоз легень фітоентеросорбенту не вплинуло на показники клітинного імунітету, але сприяло нормалізації показників його В-ланки — вірогідному зниженню кількості CD22+-лімфоцитів, рівня IgG, IgA та циркулюючих імунних комплексів у крові хворих, нормалізації фагоцитарної активності фагоцитуючих клітин. Використання фітоентеросорбенту в комплексному лікуванні хворих на туберкульоз не призвело до зниження концентрації протитуберкульозного препарату ізониазіду в крові хворих, а, навпаки, підвищило її и не сприяло появі побічних реакцій від прийому ізоніазиду. Висновки. Комплексне лікування хворих на лікарсько-чутливий вперше діагностований деструктивний туберкульоз легень з використанням фітоентеросорбенту призвело до підвищення ефективності лікування за темпами загоєння деструкцій на 21,4 %.

Background: Psychological stress is considered the major etiological factor precipitating myofacial pain and temporomandibular disorders.It is known that stress induce various adaptational responses of physiologic systems. The process includes increase in the activity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis which promotes cortisol secretion. Salivary cortisol has been used as a measure of free circulating cortisol levels.The use of salivary biomarkers has gained increased popularity since collecting samples is non-invasive and painless. The aim of thisstudy was to evaluate the level of cortisol in saliva among sample of university students having myofacial pain, during the final exam period and whether this finding could have a significant value as a symptomatic psychobiological marker. Materials and Methods: Ninety eight (98) university students were enrolled in this study. Fifty(50) were with myofacial pain (symptomatic) and forty eight (48) were without myofacial pain (asymptomatic) as a control group.Each student with myofacial pain was examined according to Research Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders. Saliva sample were collected from each subject before final examination and three months later for biochemical analysis of cortisolusing ELISA test. Results: A highly significant difference in salivary cortisol level between the two periods for both the study and control groups, and a non-significant difference between the two groups in before examination period. A negative association has been observed between the level of salivary cortisol and severity of pain and a highly significant improvement of pain between the final examination periods and three months later. Conclusions: Dental students perceived a higher level of stress prior to the final exam was associated with raised salivary cortisol levels which could be considered as a useful non-invasive biomarker for measuring acute stress.

Goal. Improving the effectiveness of treatment of patients with chronic catarrhal gingivitis living in ecologically favorable conditions and in ecologically polluted regions of Prykarpattia, by adding to the complex therapy of quercetin and chlorhexidine dent. The results of research by a number of scientists indicate that the use of quercetin in complex therapy helps to restore the antioxidant system, improve oxygen uptake by tissues and peripheral circulation, improve the rheological properties of the patient's blood. These properties of the drug were used by us in research. Research methods. We studied changes in periodontal tissues in children living in ecologically favorable conditions and in ecologically polluted regions of Prykarpattia, conducted a comparative description of periodontal changes and proposed a treatment plan for patients with chronic catarrhal gingivitis supplemented with chlorhexidine dent and quercetin. We examined 60 children with chronic catarrhal gingivitis living in the contaminated areas of Prykarpattia (Burshtyn) and 15 people with intact periodontium living in environmentally stable conditions. All patients underwent a full range of therapeutic measures, taking into account the removal of dental plaque and rehabilitation of the oral cavity. In 1 group of patients (30 people) patients were treated with chlorhexidine, calendula and chamomile infusion and 1 % mefenamine paste. Patients of group 2 (30 people) – the drug quercetin on the mucous membrane of the gums under the individual gingival cap and chlorhexidine dent in the form of oral baths. For the purpose of comparative characterization of the two groups, an index assessment of the condition of periodontal tissues and a study of rheographic parameters of periodontal tissues were performed. Scientific novelty. At the present stage used drugs chlorhexidine dent 0.12 % and quercetin for the treatment of periodontal diseases in children living in environmentally unfavorable conditions, studied the state of hemodynamics in periodontal tissues, studied rheographic parameters and their dynamics under the influence of treatment and prevention complex in children with chronic catarrhal gingivitis and evaluated the effectiveness of the developed treatment and prevention complex in children with chronic catarrhal gingivitis living in environmentally unfavorable conditions. Conclusion. The results of the study did not show a significant difference between clinical and laboratory parameters in patients 1 and 2 groups before treatment (p > 0.05), but they differed significantly from those in the comparison group (p < 0.05), which points out that unfavorable environmental living conditions have an impact on the course of periodontal disease in children. We found a significant difference in the blood supply to periodontal tissues in patients with chronic catarrhal gingivitis compared with (p < 0.05). The results of the study showed that the use of quercetin and 0.12 % chlorhexidine solution in the complex treatment of patients with chronic catarrhal gingivitis provided a significant improvement in clinical and laboratory characteristics of periodontal tissues in children living in different environmental conditions, and stabilized these indicators in long-term observation.The use of the proposed treatment regimen for patients with chronic catarrhal gingivitis stimulates metabolic processes in periodontal tissues, reduces cyanosis, edema of periodontal tissues according to the results of rheography of periodontal tissues. After treatment, we observe the normalization of the rheological characteristics of the gums, which indicates an improvement in blood circulation in periodontal tissues in these patients (normalization of qualitative and quantitative characteristics of rheograms). Key words: chronic catarrhal gingivitis, ecologically polluted areas, chlorhexidine, quercetin, reorganic changes of periodontium.

Seafarers working in maritime settings are affected by a great number of psychosocial stressors. The testing of cortisol in saliva is a well-established method for judging the individual strain. Therefore, this study aims to assess the crews’ strain on container ships on the basis of this parameter, taking occupational groups and the three voyage episodes of the vessel into account (stay at port, river passage and sea passage). One scientist accompanied 22 sea voyages and examined 304 crew members who had provided a minimum of 5 saliva samples from at least one day. Altogether, 4,073 saliva samples were collected. An evaluation of stress hormones was conducted by analyzing on the basis of groups and day profiles. The present study revealed that the average concentration of cortisol in the saliva of the examined seafarers was lower during the first hour after waking up than that of a healthy reference population. There were significant differences in the cortisol between nautical officers, deck ratings, and engine room personnel with decreasing levels (p < .001). Furthermore, the highest cortisol level was measured during port stay followed by sea passages and river passages (p = .002). After adjustment, the average level of cortisol in saliva of the whole study group was positively associated with acute shipboard stressors, namely the average current working time (p = .050) and the average number of terminals that had been served during the last 7 days (p = .008). In contrast, no association of saliva cortisol was observed with age (p = .130), smoking status (p = .436), the current stay on board of the vessel (p = .230) or with the subjective stress evoked by noise, vibration, ship motion or psychophysical demands on board. Only the deck ratings and the engine room personnel displayed a continuous decrease in the cortisol level in the daily profile (p < .001). In total, the present study revealed an association of the saliva cortisol level among the examined crew with acute shipboard stressors, the working group, and the ship’s voyage episode. A reliable collection of samples over several days on board is well possible through the presence of a specially trained person on site. In maritime studies, this high level of personal effort seems to be inevitable in order to allow a differentiated judgement of the hormone stress reaction of seafarers and meet high quality standards.

Road traffic noise and determinants of saliva cortisol levels among adolescents.

Background. Studying the functional state of the body of adolescents when they preform cognitive activity using electronic devices is of great importance due to the introduction of information and computer technologies into the educational process. Identifying the characteristics of the reactivity of students’ bodies when performing cognitive activities in a digital environment will contribute to both optimization of learning and health protection.The aim. To study the autonomic regulation of heart rate, electrodermal activity, cerebral circulation and the level of cortisol in saliva when adolescents performed a cognitive test on electronic devices (tablet, laptop) and on paper.Materials and methods. Using analysis of heart rate variability, electrodermal activity, rheoencephalography and enzyme-linked immunosorbent determination of cortisol in saliva, цe examined 48 adolescents while performing a cognitive activity on electronic devices.Results. When adolescents perform cognitive activity using electronic devices, we can register changes in heart rate variability, electrodermal activity and cerebral circulation. Cognitive activity in a digital environment causes an increase in sympathetic effect ontheheart rate with adecrease inparasympathetic activity, anincrease inthe integrative indicator ofgalvanic skin response, invascular tone and adecrease in the cerebral blood flow intensity. One in four adolescents experiences anticipatory stimulation of the endocrine system before taking a cognitive test. Correlation analysis revealed alarge number of correlations between the studied indicators both in the initial state and during cognitive activity.Conclusion. A large number of correlations, both in the initial state and during the cognitive test, between heart rate variability and cortisol concentration, cerebral circulation parameters indicate the preservation of a rigid system of neurovegetative and humoral regulation of heart rate when using electronic devices compared to paper-based media.

Influence of music training on academic examination-induced stress in Thai adolescents

Introduction. The problem of first-graders’ adjustment to schooling is relevant, since the success of further education depends on its course. In the available literature, there are practically no results of comprehensive studies revealing the reactions of stress-implementing systems (autonomic nervous, cardiovascular and endocrine) of the body of first-graders during acute adaptation to learning loads. The purpose of the study is to identify the features of the reaction of the autonomic nervous, cardiovascular and endocrine systems to learning loads during the acute period of adaptation to school. Materials and Methods. The methodological approach of the research is P. K. Anokhin’s theory of functional systems, according to which functional systems are selectively involved in adaptation processes to changes in environmental factors. In order to assess the activities of the autonomic nervous system, the method of heart rate variability (HRV) and galvanic skin reaction (CGR) were used. The functional state of the cardiovascular system was studied by indicators of heart rate (HR) and blood pressure (BP). The state of the endocrine system was assessed by the level of cortisol in saliva. Results. The article presents the results of a comprehensive study of first-graders’ adaptation to learning loads at the beginning of the school year. The examined children were divided into three groups: students with hypersympathicotonia (25 %), with optimal functioning of regulatory systems (50 %), and with relative vagotonia (25 %). Adaptation to systematic learning in children with optimal functioning of regulatory systems was accompanied by a decrease in vegetative activity by the end of the week without involving the cardiovascular and endocrine systems. In children with excessively high activity of the sympathetic department of the ANS, the highest values of the studied indicators of the cardiovascular system were noted. In half of the children with hypersympathicotonia, excessive sympathetic activity persisted during the school week. In children with a predominance of parasympathetic regulation of heart rate, there was a decrease in vegetative activity by the end of the school week. Children with hypersympathicotonia and relative vagotonia, demonstrated adaptation stress compared to children with optimal functioning of regulatory systems. Conclusions. The study concludes that the stress of adaptation to learning loadx at the beginning of systematic schooling is noted in 50 % of first-graders. Schoolchildren with hypersympathicotonic type of heart rate regulation have a high risk of developing autonomic dysfunction.

Introduction. Glaucoma is a chronic eye disease characterized by a constant or periodic increase in intraocular pressure, a decrease of visual fields and visual acuity, and by a special form of optic nerve atrophy with excavation in the disc area. The reflection of this slowly fl owing atrophy is a disturbance in the visual field and a complete irreversible loss of visual function. The prevalence of the disease increases with increasing age. The main methods of treatment are medical and surgical. Non-penetrating operations are recognized as the safest methods of surgical treatment of glaucoma. The most common complications of such operations include: detachment of the choroid, small anterior chamber syndrome, hyphema, cicatricial changes in the filtration cushion. Based on the analysis of literature data, it can be assumed that the inclusion of osteopathic correction in the complex therapy of patients with operated glaucoma can increase the effectiveness of therapy.The aim of the research was to study the clinical efficacy of osteopathic correction in the complex treatment of patients operated on primary open-angle glaucoma.Materials and methods. The study involved 20 patients (20 eyes) aged 70 to 75 years with developed and advanced stages of primary open-angle glaucoma, who underwent surgical treatment. The main (10 people) and control (10 people) groups were formed by simple randomization. Participants in the main group received standard medical therapy and osteopathic correction, while participants in the control group received only medical therapy. Changes in the following clinical parameters were evaluated: visual acuity, visual fi eld, intraocular pressure, thickness of the retinal nerve fiber layer, and severity of pain syndrome. Indicators were recorded at the beginning of the study (2 weeks after surgery) and at the end of the study (2–3 months after surgery).Results. Patients receiving osteopathic correction as part of the complex therapy after surgery of primary openangle glaucoma are characterized by a statistically significant (p&lt;0,05) decrease in the severity of pain syndrome, an increase in the magnitude of the visual field and of the thickness of the retinal nerve fiber layer.Conclusion. The obtained results suggest the effectiveness of the inclusion of osteopathic correction in the complex treatment of patients with operated on primary open-angle glaucoma. It is recommended to continue the study with a larger sample size.

To evaluate the relationship of stimulated whole saliva cortisol level with the severity of a feeling of dry mouth (DM) in menopausal women. A feel of DM is a major complaint for many elderly individuals and strongly associated with the menopause. The exact mechanisms that mediate sensation of DM in menopausal women have not been firmly established. A case-control study was carried out on 104 selected menopausal women with/without a feeling of DM, conducted at the Clinic of Oral Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences. Xerostomia Inventory (XI) score was used as an index of DM severity. Stimulated whole saliva cortisol concentration (stimulated by chewing standard-sized paraffin for 60 s) was measured by ELISA. Statistical analysis by Student's t-test and Spearman correlation was used. The mean cortisol concentration of saliva, but not saliva cortisol output, was significantly higher in the cases than in the controls. There was significant positive correlation between XI score and concentration (r = 0.357, p = 0.000) or output (r = 0.223, p = 0.017) of stimulated whole saliva cortisol. It appears that stimulated whole saliva cortisol is high in menopausal women with a feeling of DM.

Psychological Stress and Vocal Symptoms Among University Professors in Israel: Implications of the Shift to Online Synchronous Teaching During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Summary. Prevention and treatment of periodontal diseases remains one of the most important tasks of modern dentistry in connection with their high prevalence among all age groups of the population. Recently, much attention has been paid to the study of gum recession, as one of the clinical forms of periodontal disease. The paper presents data on paraclinical indexes in patients with gum recession, depending on age and biotype of periodontal disease. The aim of the study – to evaluate the intensification of inflammatory processes in periodontal tissues in patients with gum recession, depending on age and periodontal biotype using paraclinical indices. Materials and Methods. The article presents a comparative assessment of the intensity of inflammatory processes in periodontal tissues, depending on age and periodontal biotype in 204 somatically healthy patients who had a recession of the gums caused by different etiological factors. Results and Discussion. As a result of our research, it was found that with increasing age, there was a clear tendency to increase the indexes of all paraclinical indexes analyzed by us. Also, attention was drawn to the fact that the carriers of biotype periodontal A1-Thin S flow of inflammatory processes proceeded more pronounced and more intense.Conclusions. In persons with recession gum, the intensification of inflammatory processes in periodontal tissues increased with age, but depended on the periodontal biotype.Conclusions. In persons with recession gum, the intensification of inflammatory processes in periodontal tissues increased with age, but depended on the periodontal biotype.

Introduction. The relationship of pathological processes occurring in the periodontal tissues and pharyngeal area had great importance due to the similarity of their etiological and pathogenetic stages. Recent studies have shown that cytokines are triggers of the inflammatory process in periodontal tissues and predictors of progression of pathological changes in them. Therefore, while studying the pathogenesis of generalized periodontitis on the background of chronic tonsillitis, it is important to assess the synergistic effect of proinflammatory cytokines, which can be markers of local changes and diagnostic criteria for severity and activity of pathological inflammatory process in periodontal tissues. The aim of the study was to study the level of proinflammatory cytokines and acute phase proteins in the serum of patients with generalized periodontitis on the background of chronic tonsillitis. Material and methods. The clinical and immunological study involved 97 patients aged 18 to 59 years, of which formed 3 study groups: group I – 32 people with periodontal disease on the background of chronic tonsillitis (CT); group II – 35 people with periodontal lesions without concomitant CT; control – 30 clinically healthy individuals. Results. The study of cytokine status in the serum showed a probable increase in levels of proinflammatory cytokines γ-IFN, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 in patients of study group I compared with other groups, indicating a «cytokine explosion». There was a tendency of the hyperergic reaction formation and generalization of inflammatory process. The reflection of the degree of inflammatory process in patients with gingivitis and periodontitis on the background of chronic tonsillitis was an increased concentration of bone resorption marker IL-1β, which was determined as highest in group I with gingivitis and generalized periodontitis initial – I stage. The maximum level of C-reactive protein was determined in group I (4.4 times higher than in the control). Conclusions. Particular attention should be paid to patients of group I with periodontal disease on the background of CT, where level of the studied parameters was the highest compared to the data of other study groups. It should be added that depending on the degree of inflammatory and dystrophic-inflammatory processes in periodontal tissues an increased overproduction of IL-1β in serum could be reliably considered as an indicator of activity and progression of periodontal disease accompanying with chronic tonsillitis. Key words: periodontium, periodontitis, gingivitis, chronic tonsillitis, inflammation, cytokines.

This work involves the development and validation of an enzyme immunoassay technique (EIA) for the measurement of the cortisol concentration in cattle saliva. Saliva samples present several advantages over plasma samples in animal welfare studies. Saliva collection avoids venipuncture as a stress factor. Also, saliva components do not affect EIA as plasma components do. At present, there is no validated commercial method for saliva cortisol determination in cattle. Commercially available radioimmunoassay kits for human plasma (detection range: 10-100 ng ml-1) are not sensitive enough for animals with low concentrations of salivary cortisol (&lt; 4 ng ml-1). Thus, EIA is the method of choice in cattle. Sensitivity, specificity, precision and accuracy EIA tests showed this method to be suitable and reliable. The detection limit was found to be 0.024 ng ml-1, representing an improvement on previously described techniques. Intra-assay and inter-assay variation coefficients were 1.47-7.30% and 2.40-9.78%, respectively. The recovery rates for cortisol added to saliva samples were 91.36-126.5%. Parallelism tests showed that saliva cortisol levels can be determined in cattle samples without extraction. The correlation between saliva and plasma cortisol was positive (r = 0.75) and the saliva/plasma cortisol ratio was around 10%. Therefore, saliva samples are a suitable alternative to plasma samples in bovine HPA (hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal) axis evaluation.

OPS 43: Noise, stress and mental health, Room 217, Floor 2, August 27, 2019, 4:30 PM - 5:30 PM Background: Green space, air pollution and traffic noise may be associated with stress levels in children. Secretion of the stress hormone cortisol is characterized by a peak in the early morning, followed by declining cortisol levels throughout the day. A slower rate of decline in cortisol across the day has been related to chronic psychosocial stress. Aim: To examine the associations of green space, air pollution and traffic noise with the diurnal change in saliva cortisol levels in children aged 12 years. Methods: We used data of 1061 participants aged 12 years of the Dutch PIAMA birth cohort. Children collected saliva samples during a single day: 30 minutes after awakening and at 20.00hr (in the evening). We calculated the change between evening and morning saliva cortisol levels (in ng/ml per hour). We estimated residential exposure to green space (i.e. the average Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and percentages of green space in circular buffers of 300m and 3000m), air pollution and traffic noise. Associations of these exposures with the diurnal cortisol change were assessed by multiple linear regression, adjusted for potential confounders. Associations are presented for an interquartile range (IQR) increase in exposure. Results: The average NDVI, total percentage of green space and percentage of agricultural green space in a buffer of 3000m were associated with a stronger diurnal decrease in cortisol levels (adjusted difference -0.05ng/ml/hr [95%CI -0.08, -0.01ng/ml/hr] per IQR (0.13) increase in the average NDVI; adjusted difference -0.05ng/ml/hr [95%CI -0.09, -0.01ng/ml/hr] per IQR (31.1%) increase in the total percentage of green space). We found no associations of air pollution or traffic noise with the diurnal cortisol change. Conclusions: This study indicates that residential exposure to green space may be associated with lower stress levels in children aged 12 years.