О ВОПРОСАХ СОЗДАНИЯ ЕДИНОГО КАТАЛОГА АЛТАЙСКИХ СКАЗИТЕЛЕЙ (С XIX ПО XX ВВ.)

This book reproduces the original 1937 founding pamphlet of Mass-Observation – the compelling social research project that ran for decades in the mid-20th century – with expert commentary throughout. It also features brand new supporting essays by and informative interviews with prominent scholars of Mass-Observation which reflect on the organisation, its origins and its influence on multiple academic disciplines, including history, sociology and anthropology. An introductory essay by the editor synthesizes the arguments of this material, as well as contributing vital historical context and suggestions for ways in which other disciplines might benefit from the use of Mass-Observation approaches and archival material. There is also a chronology of Mass-Observation, its publications and major figures associated with it. Mass-Observation offers an unparalleled wealth of insights into the lived experiences of Britons in the 20th century and this volume provides the best introduction to it available, familiarizing you with both the original

Coffee Culture in Dublin: A Brief History

Modern Ukrainian musicology is characterized by high researchers’ interest to the period of the first quarter of the 20th century; and by the necessity to learn about unknown facts before, their generalization at the level of systematic theory of musical and historical process. This article is aimed at reconstructing and showing the personality and tragic fate of a composer, teacher and public figure M.G. Ivanov. He had been working in Katerynoslav (now Dnipro) from 1914 till 1919. The new archival materials’ research, the articles’analyses in literature magazines “Storm of Revolution”(1921), “Dawn”(1925) of the author and publicist V. Atamaniuk, who was persecuted during Stalin period (1897-1937 ) – all that above helped to present the personality of M.G.Ivanov. Some additional information from I.Mazepa’s memories is taken into account: “Ukraine In the Fire And Storm of 1917-1921 Revolution” as well as P.Fedenko memories: “Isaak Mazepa – the Fighter For Ukraine’s Freedom”, which in its turn characterizes the political and public situation in Katerynoslav. Thus, the personality and fate of M.G. Ivanov is presented as a constituent part of the problem “Uklrainian Idea – Ukrainian Issue – Ukrainian movement of the first quarter of the 20th century”. The research methodology lies in using retrospective principles, relying on sources, comparative analysis,discourse analysis of musico-historical process. Scientific novelty of the article lies in restoring the figure of one the representatives of Ukrainian Executed Renaissance into national historic musicology M.G. Ivanov. His musical and public activity, his creative legacy was highly appreciated by his contemporaries and like-minded people who were crossed out unfairly from the descendants’ memories during the years of “bourgeois Ukrainian nationalism” fight. The conclusions made give us a possibility to consider the personality of M.G. Ivanov in the row of the representatives of Ukrainian Executed Renaissance.

The purpose of this study was to investigate changes in the cooking process of <TEX>$Bibimbab$</TEX>(cooked rice mixed with various ingredients) appeared in cook books published after Korean modern era, approximately from late 19th century to the present. 7 cook books were chosen to be analyzed. It is found that the ingredients were mixed with the rice before being served in the cook books written in late 19th century until mid 20th century, while the ingredients were separately decorated on top of the rice in the cook books written from mid 20th century until late 20th century. <TEX>$Gochujang$</TEX>(Korean chilly paste), which is common spicy seasoning for <TEX>$Bibimbab$</TEX> in the present time, appeared only in <TEX>$Hangukeumak$</TEX>(1987) which is written in late 20th century. Prior to <TEX>$Hangukeumak$</TEX>(1987), chilly powder or chilly was used for chilly-based spicy seasoning. Cook books written in late 19th century until mid 20th century, ingredients used for <TEX>$Bibimbab$</TEX> had complicated cooking methods such as <TEX>$Jeonyueo$</TEX>(assorted pan-fried delicacies), <TEX>$Nurumi$</TEX>(fried beef skewer with various vegetables) and <TEX>$Sanjeok$</TEX>(grilled beef skewer). From mid 20th century until late 20th century, among the cook books analyzed in this research, only <TEX>$Hankukyoribaekguasajeon$</TEX>(1976) suggested <TEX>$Jeonyueo$</TEX> as an ingredient, and in general, the cooking method for preparing beef became simpler. For further studies, firstly, the cooking procedures used for <TEX>$Bibimbab$</TEX> in the prior period to the Korean modern era need to be examined for more information about the changes of cooking style of <TEX>$Bibimbab$</TEX>. Secondly, new <TEX>$Bibimbab$</TEX> recipes for modern restaurants could be created by using the recipes used in the historical cook books. Finally, the definitions of culinary terms used in historical cook books need to be clarified.

This article presents a study of the political and military relations of the Kingdom of Georgia and the Muslims of Anatolia from the 12th century AD up to the Mongol conquest of the region in the mid 13th century. Georgia's expansion during the 12th century and the web of marriage alliance that the Muslim rulers of Anatolia wove to protect themselves drew her into conflict even with distant principalities with which she shared no border, such as the Artukids of Mardin. Meanwhile, Erzurum appears to have been obliged to acknowledge Georgian suzerainty for much of the 12th and early 13th centuries. In the 13th century, however, the Mongol threat forced the Seljuks of Rüm and Georgia to form an alliance, and Georgians came to form a significant part of the Seljuk army. This alliance was sealed with a marriage between the Seljuk sultan and a member of the Georgian ruling house, the Bagratids, and the Seljuks appear to have derived prestige from their association with the Bagratid dynasty.

The formalisation of the Anthropocene as a subdivision of the Geological Time Scale has been under debate. Its stratigraphic boundary has been proposed as a precise Global boundary Stratotype Section and Point (GSSP) in the mid-20th century, but it is part of an episode of human-induced changes to the Earth System that have unfolded over millennia. Here we attempt to identify stratigraphical patterns of the Anthropocene from a previously well studied lake sedimentary archive from the English Midlands, located in one of the most heavily human-modified landscapes in the UK, and the birthplace of the Industrial Revolution. Our analysis is predicated on the sedimentary succession of Groby Pool, a small lake situated to the immediate northwest of Leicester. We have found that whilst proxy signals for biotic change are indicative of significant landscape and consequent ecological changes prior to the 20th century, the signal from radiogenic fallout and rapid increase in spheroidal carbonaceous particles indicative of fossil-fuel combustion yield a clear mid and later 20th century stratigraphical signature that corresponds with the Great Acceleration of the post-WWII period. We therefore demonstrate clear stratigraphical signatures in the oldest Industrial Revolution landscape on Earth that are consistent with a mid-20th century start point for the Anthropocene.

This essay provides an intellectual history for the cultural turn that transformed the human sciences in the mid-20th century and led to the creation of cultural sociology in the late 20th century. It does so by conceptualizing and contextualizing the limitations of the binary primitive/modernity. In the 19th and early 20th centuries, leading thinkers – among them Marx, Weber, Durkheim, and Freud – confined thinking and feeling styles like ritual, symbolism, totem, and devotional practice to a primitivism that would be transformed by the rationality and universalism of modernity. While the barbarisms of the 20th century cast doubt on such predictions, only an intellectual revolution could provide the foundations for an alternative social theory. The cultural turn in philosophy, aesthetics, and anthropology erased the division between primitive and modern; in sociology, the classical writings of Durkheim were recentered around his later, religious sociology. These intellectual currents fed into a cultural sociology that challenged the sociology of culture, creating radically new research programs in the late 20th and early 21st centuries.

The paper draws attention to the problem of preserving wooden architecture. The paper examines one of the rare surviving examples of a traditional residential building in the village of Kunara in the Sverdlovsk region. Purpose : The purpose of the study is to establish the conformity of the residential building with the main parameters of the most massive housing in towns and villages of the Gorny Urals, namely Demidov factories, since the building belongs to the territory historically associated with the Nevyansky Demidov factory in the early 18th century. Research findings : The paper describes the preserved wooden four-wall house under a malebed roof with a log porch contains all the signs of an apartment building common to towns and factory towns of the Urals of the 18th century. Given the wide temporal prevalence of this building, it can be tentatively dated by the first half of the 18th and mid-19th centuries. Due to a significant proportion of the loss of analogues, the building in Kunar acquires the features of a unique historical and cultural monument, which must be preserved.

The purpose of the article: based on offi cial sources and archival materials of the State Archives of the Zhytomyr region, to investigate the activities of the noble guardians of the Volyn Governorate from the point of view of their powers, in particular, the inclusion of nobles in the guardianship as a manifestation of their state collective solidarity and the eff ectiveness of the specifi ed institutions. Th e methodological basis of the study consists of historical-comparative, historical- systemic, and historical-typological methods, as well as the principles of systematicity, objectivity, and historicism. Th e scientifi c novelty is determined primarily by the lack of unique research on the given topic in historiography, the involvement of new archival materials, the characterization of the peculiarities of the relationship between the state and the privileged condition of the Russian Empire through the prism of the functioning of noble guardianships as state corporate bodies. Th e chronological limits of the article cover the time of formation and the beginning of the activity of the nobility’s guardianships on the territory of the Ukrainian governorates in the 18th century and are also correlated with the dating of the archival materials used: from the beginning to the third quarter of the 19th century. Conclusions. Th e hopes of the Russian imperial authorities that the newly cre- ated state institutions (noble guardianships) would support the monarchy’s economic stability and ensure a stable s ocial system were only partially justifi ed. Th e noble guardians were not distinguished by high eff ectiveness. Aft er all, on the one hand, they were part of an imperial bureaucratic apparatus that was not more eff ective. On the other hand, due to the lack of motivation of the nobles to fulfi l the duties assigned to them and the regular practice of their refusal/replacement, these institutions did not ensure the quality performance of the functions assigned to them.

Purpose. The article provides a detailed description of three sabers with wooden hilts stored in the funds of the National Museum of the Republic of Kazakhstan (PMO 3025-1.2, PMO 6265, PMO UK 8227), Astana. Results. Based on the structural analysis of the items and their design, we identified that Saber 1 from the NMRC (PMO 3025-1.2) is one of the varieties of Persian Shamshirs. The blade with the shank, garda and a wooden sheath with hoop could have been made by Iranian or, less likely, Central Asian armorers in the 18th – middle of the 19th centuries. The wooden hilt with rivets, leather-covered scabbard and a metal tip were added while the saber was in the museum collection. A distinctive feature of Saber 2 of NMRC (PMO 6265), which originates from the territory of Southern Kazakhstan, is a relatively small bending of an acute-angled blade, an authentic wooden hilt and a leather case covering the hilt. The last two elements are not typical for products of Persian craftsmen but are quite often found on the weapons of the Uzbek and Kazakh soldiers of the New Age. According to the construction and design we conclude that Saber 2 could have been made by Central Asian, or, less likely, Iranian armorers in the 18th – mid 19th centuries (in the latter case, the hilt and the cover might have been made by Uzbek or Kazakh masters). Saber 3 (ПМО УК 8227) combines the classic “shamshirs” blade and a pommel with a wooden hilt and a relatively rare version of the guard. Based on the design features, the saber is dated to the end of the 18th – mid 19th centuries. The fastening system of its “cheeks” indicates that the wooden hilt might have been made and added in the 19th century. Conclusion. The weapons of the series under review vividly illustrate the data from written sources on the prevalence of sabers with long blades imported from Iran and Central Asia among Kazakh soldiers during the 18th – 19th centuries.

Rational Buildings Designed To `Calm the Disorderly Mind'

This paper aims at reconstructing the genealogy of Siberian Tatars of Knyazevs (Western Siberia), identifying the origins of their surname, which is not characteristic of the Tatars, and at analysis of the influence of socio-political and socio-economical processes in Russia in the 18th through 20th centuries on the social transformation of the family. The sources were represented by the materials of the Inventory Revision Book of Tarsky District of 1701 and census surveys of the end of 18th through 19th centuries, which allowed tracing the Knyazev family through the genealogical succession and identifying social status of its members. In this work, recordkeeping ma-terials of the 18th–20th centuries and contemporary genealogical and historical traditions of the Tatars have been utilized. In the research, the method of genealogical reconstructions by archival materials and their correlation with genealogies of modern population has been used. The history of the Knyazev family is inextricably linked to the history of modern village of Bernyazhka — one of the earliest settlements of the Ayalintsy (a group of the Si-berian Tatars) in the territory of the Tarsky Irtysh land which became the home to the Knyazevs for more than three centuries. The 1701Inventory Revision Book cites Itkuchuk Buchkakov as a local power broker of the Aya-lynsky Tatars in the village. During the 18th century, this position was inherited by his descendants who eventually lost this status in the beginning of the 19th century in the course of the managerial reforms by the Russian gov-ernment. Nevertheless, the social status of the members of the gens remained high. In the mid. 19th century, the village moved — the villagers resettled from the right bank of the River Irtysh onto the left one. As the result, the village was situated nearby the main road connecting the cities of Omsk and Tara. At the same time, the village became the center of the Ayalynskay region. That led to the strengthening of the social status and property en-richment of the descendants of Itkuchuk Buchkakov. The Knyzevs’ surname first appeared in the materials of the First All-Russia Census Survey of 1897. Some of the descendants signed up under this surname later in the Soviet period. During the Soviet years, members of the Knyzev’s gens had different destinies: some worked in the local government, whereas the others were subjected to political repressions and executed. Knyazevs took part in the Great Patriotic War and seven of them perished. Presently there are no descendants of the Knyazevs in Bernyazhka as they spread over the villages of the Omskaya Region, some living in Omsk and other towns of Russia and abroad.

The history of the Russian Magneto-Meteorological Observatory (RMMO) in Beijing has not been extensively researched. Sources for this information are Russian (the Russian State Historical Archive, Saint Petersburg Branch of the Archive of the Academy of Sciences, Russian National Library) and Chinese (the First Historical Archive of Beijing, the Library of the Shanghai Zikavey Observatory) archives. These archival materials can be scientifically and methodologically analyzed. At the beginning of the 18th century, the Russian Orthodox Mission (ROM) was founded in the territory of Beijing. Existing until 1955, the ROM performed an important role in the development of Russian–Chinese relations. Russian scientists could only work in Beijing through the ROM due to China’s policy of fierce self-isolation. The ROM became the center of Chinese academic studies and the first training school for Russian sinologists. From its very beginning, it was considered not only a church or diplomatic mission but a research center in close cooperation with the Russian Academy of Sciences. In this context, the RMMO made important weather investigations in China and the Far East in the 19th century. The RMMO, as well as its branch stations in China and Mongolia, part of a scientific network, represented an important link between Europe and Asia and was probably the largest geographical scientific network in the world at that time.

The purpose of the present article is to reveal the peculiarities of the origin and development of cultural contacts between Kharkiv cultural figures and R. Wagner, with his descendants, with the Wagner Opera Festival in Bayreuth, and the Wagner Society in Kharkiv. The role of Kharkiv scholars at the Wagner Festival in Bayreuth is shown in connection with the study and popularization of the creative heritage of the German master. Particular attention is paid to the unknown facts of the creative biography of Kharkiv musician J. Rubinstein. The object of the research is the musical culture of Kharkiv and Bayreuth in the 19th – 20th centuries. The subject of research is the specificity of the origin and development of cultural contacts between Kharkiv cultural figures and R. Wagner, with the Wagner Opera Festival in Bayreuth, and the Wagner Society in Kharkiv. The scientific novelty of the study primarily lies in revealing of unknown facts in the creative biography of Joseph Rubinstein, talented musician from Kharkiv. Based on archive materials, which are published in translation for the first time, we shed light on the tragedy of his personality that shows up in hard relationship with R. Wagner. That approach is a contrast to the tendency of literature mythologization of the forgotten artist’s image. Research methods : historical which has allowed considering the concrete phenomena of a musical life of Kharkiv and Bayreuth in certain development, and also comparative which has given the chance to investigate similarity and differences between these phenomena. On the basis of archival materials, the peculiarities of Rubinstein’s creative path are traced, which are connected with complicated relationships with R. Wagner and his entourage. The involvement of a Kharkiv musician is emphasized not only to the birth but also to the direct embodiment of the theatrical projects of the German masters. The author has pointed out the involvement of a Kharkiv musician not only to the birth, but also to the direct embodiment of theatrical projects of the German masters. The role of M. Baag-Popova, who was involved in the revival of the opera festival in Bayreuth after the Second World War, was emphasized in the organization of the Wagner Society. Her work at the secretariat of the orchestra and in the press office of the festival has lasted for 12 years. After visiting Kharkov (1996), two Wagnerian Societies were organized – in Kharkiv and Kyiv, which were headed respectively by H. Verkina and M. Cherkashina-Gubarenko. As result , the uniqueness of creative contacts between figures of the musical culture of Kharkiv and Bayreuth is proved. The results of the 20 year activity of the Wagner Society in Kharkiv were summed up, the main directions of its work were described: scientific and educational (various projects, reports, discussions, Olympiads concerning the music Wagner theater, works of his contemporaries and followers, during which deal with various musical – theatrical interpretations of Wagner’s texts); Concert (concerts-lectures with the participation of students of the secondary specialized school, students of the musical college and the university of arts, artists of the Philharmonic and the Opera House). It is also about the implemented measures to create musical dedications in honor of R. Wagner and their performance in memorial concerts.

The range of Medieval burial structures on the territory of Belarus includes barrows with stone lining. Commonly, one layer of stones encircled a barrow, but two layers’ lining could also be met. Funeral rite can be described as inhumation at the horizon level or in a pit with western orientation of the dead. Individual burials are most characteristic though double burials were practiced too. Not every burial mound contains grave goods. The items are represented by ornaments, amulets and pots of mostly Slavic type. The finds date back to the 11th – early 12th or 12th – 13th century. The same burial ground could also contain barrows composed entirely of earth, ones including stones interspersed or in the form of thin pavement at the horizon. Barrows of this kind are spread both in central Belarus and farther to the north, covering partly the Dzvina Basin, or more often to the south-west – in the Middle Buh Basin including Polish and Belarusian parts. In Ukraine barrows with stone construction were studied in Zhytomyr Polissya Region where almost 20 burial grounds of this type are known. Such barrows can be found in some other places too: in the Ros’ Basin, in Bukovyna (two barrows with stone lining dated back to the 12th – mid 13th century have been excavated there), in Podilia (burial sites in Zhnyborody I, Sokilets’, Hlybochok). In archaeological studies, there’s a tendency to assign all the barrows with stone constructions to the range of so called stone barrows which are considered to be burial sites of the Jaćviahi. Though in the eastern part of Mazur Lake region and in the basin of the Chornaya Hancha river where the Jatvingians have been located according to the evidence from chronicles there’s no barrows dated back to the 10th – 13th centuries at all. At the same time, in the first millennium AD barrows with stone lining were spread in the range of the Eastern Balts tribes: on the territory of Latvia (tribal areas of Latgaly, Siely, Ziemgaly) and Lithuania (the area of the Eastern Lithuanian Barrows Culture) where they dominated between the 4th and 7th centuries and still could be met in the 7th – 10th centuries. However, we know Eastern Balts’ barrows with stone lining of the eleventh century in the south of Lithuania and bordering part of Belarus, which are chronologically close to the barrows with stone constructions in the rest part of Belarus and in the Middle Dnipro region. The emergence of these kind sites in Bukovyna and Podillia became possible in the result of the union of Volhynian and Galician principalities, i.e. after 1199. Key words: barrows with stone lining, grave goods, Middle Buh region, Zhytomyr Polissya region, Bukovyna, Podillia, Jatvingians, the Eastern Lithuanian Barrows Culture.