Цифровизация избирательного процесса в России: проблемы и перспективы

Digital technologies foster intensification of transformation processes on insurance market. Insurance market development depends on efficient introduction of digital insurance technologies, which give an opportunity to compete with global innovation technologies providing information security on global space. The article studies acute issues of insurance market development in conditions of digital technologies. On the basis of digital insurance analysis the article shows importance of further introduction of digital technologies into insurance industry in order to raise quality of insured’ protection and to develop insurance business in digital economy. The authors came to the conclusion that digital insurance is a result of the stable and effective development of finance market. Factors influencing insurance market development were identified, the impact of COVID-19 epidemic on insurance industry was demonstrated and acute types of insurance in these conditions were studied. The role of finance theory and insurance education in insurance market transformation was described as well as the necessity of system upgrading of education technologies.

Развитие цифровой трансформации системы государственного управления влияет на все сферы деятельности и виды общественных отношений. Не является исключением и уголовно-процессуальная деятельность, в частности, связанная с организацией взаимодействия правоохранительных органов при расследовании преступлений. В работе исследуются проблемы применения цифровых технологий на досудебном производстве. Автор исходит из понимания цифровизации в широком смысле, как социально-экономической трансформации, инициированной массовым внедрением и усвоением цифровых технологий, то есть технологий создания, обработки, обмена и передачи информации. Применительно к трансформации права в условиях развития цифровизации определяет последнюю как процесс, направленный на преобразование той или иной сферы жизнедеятельности посредством внедрения в нее цифровых технологий и инновационных технологических решений. Методологическую основу данного исследования составляет совокупность методов научного познания, среди которых ведущее место занимает диалектический метод. В статье использованы общефилософские, общенаучные и специально-юридические методы исследования. Сделан вывод о необходимости разработки и принятия Правительством Российской Федерации единой концепции цифровой трансформации правоохранительных органов, в том числе тех, чья деятельность связана с выявлением и расследованием преступлений. Наличие такого документа позволит определить не только основные направления и единые стандарты цифровой трансформации для всех субъектов правоохранительной деятельности, но и обеспечить выделение бюджетных ассигнований. The development of digital transformation of public administration system affects all spheres of activity and types of social relations. Criminal procedural activity, in particular, related to the interaction of law enforcement agencies in the investigation of offences, is no exception. The paper explores the problems of application of digital technologies in pre-trial proceedings. The author proceeds from the understanding of digitalization in a broad sense, as a socio-economic transformation initiated by the mass introduction and assimilation of digital technologies, i.e. technologies of creation, processing, exchange and transmission of information. In relation to the transformation of law in the context of the development of digitalization, the author defines digitalization as a process aimed at transforming a particular sphere of life through the introduction of digital technologies and innovative technological solutions. The methodological basis of this study consists of a set of methods of scientific cognition, among which the leading place is occupied by the dialectical method. The article uses general philosophical, general scientific and special-legal methods of research. It is concluded that it is necessary for the Government of the Russian Federation to develop and adopt a unified concept of digital transformation of law enforcement agencies, including those whose activities are related to the detection and investigation of crime. The existence of such a document will make it possible to define not only the main directions and common standards of digital transformation for all subjects of law enforcement activity, but also to ensure the allocation of budgetary appropriations.

Purpose. The aim of the article is substantiation of the role of digital infrastructure in the process of digital transformation of Ukraine and analysis of the possibilities of using blockchain technologies. Methodology of research. General and special methods of economic research are used in the course of scientific research, in particular: analysis and synthesis to reveal the economic essence of digital infrastructure; statistical and graphic methods ‑ in the analysis of world trends in the development of information and communication technologies, methods of induction and deduction, abstract and logical method ‑ in drawing conclusions from the results of the study. Finding. Definitions of digital economy, suggested in domestic economic literature, are considered. The author’s definition of this concept is substantiated. Areas of activity have been identified in which the introduction of digital technologies will play a decisive role in the context of digital transformation. The Concept of the development of the digital economy and society of Ukraine and the directions of digital development defined by this Concept are considered. The types of digital infrastructures and the main digital technologies that ensure their formation are given. The essence of the concept of blockchain and the scope of its possible application in Ukraine in order to protect data and ensure cybersecurity is revealed. Originality. The author's definition of digital economy is offered, in which special value is given to introduction and real use of digital technologies in various spheres of human activity. The role of digital infrastructure and main technologies that ensure its formation is substantiated. The directions of using blockchain technologies and measures that need to be implemented for further digital transformation of Ukraine are proposed. Practical value. The results of the study will contribute to the formation of the institutional basis for further development of information technologies in Ukraine, their introduction into the real sector of the economy, and in the future ‑ building an effective digital economy focused on innovation in production and services. Key words: digital economy, digital infrastructure, digital transformation, information and communication technologies, blockchain.

The presented monograph examines the economy of modern China. Of particular interest are the issues of e-commerce. The current stage of global economic development is characterized by the widespread introduction of new digital technologies and a gradual transition to a digital economy model. In this regard, a new form of international trade has appeared — e-commerce. The new trading system seems to be the future of an effective digital economic system, as it implies the reform of strategies, models, operations, products, marketing, supported by the introduction of digital technologies, and a complete change in the management structure in the political, economic and social spheres. The historical and current processes of forming a new agenda for the transformation of the world economy in the context of energy transition are analyzed, as well as a number of modern works on this topic are analyzed and evaluated accordingly. The current state and prospects of tourism development in the People’s Republic of China are considered. Prerequisites for the positive dynamics of the tourism market in the world are such a set of factors as the growth of the solvency of the population and the consistent development of tourist infrastructure, the formation of the identity of the state in the international arena to improve the reputation of the country, the increase in the penetration of remote banking services, the Internet, online services, etc. For students, postgraduates, teachers of economic and historical disciplines, entrepreneurs, employees of state financial institutions, anyone interested in the economy of modern China

Problem setting. Digital technologies are one of the most current trends, with the help of which new models of interaction between the state, business and citizens are being formed. New methods of doing business involve constant work with data, which entails significant changes in traditional sectors of the economy. It should be emphasized that the development of digital processes leads to a significant increase in financial flows that are outside the scope of legal regulation. It seems that in order to adapt to the challenges of digital technologies, there is a need to develop its own (national) digital ecosystem, which will cover the field of tax regulation. Analysis of recent research. The study of some aspects of digitalization in the field of taxation has been the subject of scientific research by such scholars as O. Dmytryk, M. Kucheryavenko, D. Kobylnik, V. Ryadinska, K. Tokarіeva, and others. At the same time, the above direction is developing rapidly, and this in turn requires appropriate timely regulation and reflection in the law. In view of the above, the purpose of the article is to analyze the legal regulation of taxation in the digital economy. Article’s main body. The article discusses the features of legal regulation of the sphere of taxation in the conditions of building a digital economy. It was emphasized that the introduction of digital technologies into tax regulation has both positive (implementation of the principle of taxation convenience, the formation of a service model of interaction between authorities and obligated participants in tax relations) and negative aspects (fragmentary legal regulation, the need to implement mechanisms for protecting tax information included in the corresponding electronic services, bases). Based on the analysis of a number of acts of promising legislation of Ukraine: the introduction of a special legal (including tax) regime of Diya City was subjected to a critical analysis; the legislator's approach to the regulation of taxation relations for the delivery of electronic services to individuals by non-residents was positively assessed. Conclusions and prospects for the development. The formation of a service model of the tax authorities provides for even broader interaction of tax authorities with taxpayers in electronic form. It should be noted that the interaction of taxpayers with the tax authorities through "digital channels" can be both positive and negative, which largely depends on the ease of use of the service (thus increasing the convenience and efficiency of interaction between taxpayers). In addition, the analysis of the legal regulation of taxation in the digital economy in Ukraine indicates the need for comprehensive development of effective mechanisms for each specific tax (or even legal regime) and data protection mechanisms provided by the subjects of tax relations to the relevant electronic databases, registers, offices, etc.

This article considers the impact of digital technologies on the organizational development of an enterprise. It shows the relevance and neces- sity of studying the topic at the present time. At different stages of its develop- ment, the company faces certain difficulties that prevent further growth and further transition from one stage of the organization’s life cycle to another. In industries, businesses are reengineering business processes and even entire business models to transform big data and apply them to achieve competitive advantage. The trend towards digital transformation of related value systems using information and communication technologies (ICT) can be considered as an opportunity for organizational development of the enterprise. Businesses use digital technologies such as IoT platforms, advanced human-machine interfaces, the authentication and fraud detection tools, 3D printing, smart sensors, big data Analytics, and more. Digital technologies can be profitable for an enterprise by saving costs, expanding connectivity, and being more flexible and adaptable to a digital environment that is becoming more complex and competitive. In the scientific literature, there are many studies devoted to the study of organizational development of the enterprise. Almost every concept considers organizational development from the point of view of distinguish- ing stages of the life cycle of organizations. Each functioning enterprise at one time or another of its development is at one or another stage of the life cycle of the organization (LC). The article considers the main stages of the orga- nizational life cycle growth up to I. Adizes model and that of L. Greiner. The life cycle stages are correlated according to two concepts and possible issues arising at separate stages of development are identified; as well as the potential complications and their possible solutions through the digital technologies implementation and use. It should be noted that the introduction of digital technologies implies deep changes in the way the interaction of the external and internal environment of the enterprise works at all stages of the life cycle of the organization. The introduction of digital technologies can lead to the emer- gence of new business models for relationships between the company and its customers: customers have direct access to communication with the company, which facilitates the exchange of data between them, but at the same time it forces the enterprise to pay attention to its digital reputation and invest in it. It is revealed that the introduction of digital technologies in the organizational development of the enterprise requires the inculcation of a digital culture that supports that change: namely, an organizational culture suitable for the digital transformation of the enterprise. It is worth noting that in order to apply digi- tal technologies and benefit from them, it is extremely important that new tools are understood, accepted and adapted by employees to their daily work.

In the modern world of education, the level of digital technology development plays a decisive role in the competitiveness of educational institutions. The transition to digital education is considered a key driving force for the development of any university. In recent years, pedagogical universities have made tangible progress in many areas of digital development. However, the introduction of digital technologies (DT) in the educational process reached its peak during the pandemic. This study aims to identify the distinctive features in the work of a teacher at a pedagogical university during the pandemic. The study revealed the following: the doubts of the teachers with no e-learning experience; didactically effective digital technologies in the educational process, the combined use of which ensures the synergistic effectiveness of e-learning; students’ attitude towards the quality of the e-learning process during the pandemic. Given the identified problems and positive aspects, the results of the study can be used to further develop a strategy for the digitalization of teacher education. The study proved that effective digitalization of the educational process is possible under the condition of cooperative and systematic work of all participants.

New century turns out the intensive scientific revolution, which leads to the extension the digital technologies. The research is devoted to the analysis the opportunities and prospects for the implementation of the artificial intelligence in the legal system. The urgency of the study predetermines by the large-scale digital revolution that affects all spheres of society, including the area of legal activity (for example, the initiative to use lawyers-robots in the legal corporations; the idea to automate legal activity; the appearance of smart contracts, blockchain technologies, cryptocurrency, which are not regulated by the Russian law yet; increase if the cybercrime and others). The purpose of the study is to analyze the advantages and disadvantages, opportunities and limits of introducing the digital technologies into the legal environment. Research methods are analysis, synthesis and comparative law. The study contains several positions. Firstly, the analysis the points of view about the theme of research among the national and foreign scientists are presented. Secondly, the comprehensive assessment of the artificial intelligence influence on the legal sphere is given. Thirdly, the opportunities for regulation changed relationships, connected with digital technologies, in the current Russian legislation, and the advantages and disadvantages of fixing new categories in the Civil Code of the Russian Federation are researched. Fourthly, examples of the negative impact of legal vacuum on the law enforcement practice and the ways for its overcoming are given. By the way, specific decisions of the courts given as the arguments. Fifthly, the analysis of current trends in the introduction of digital technologies in the legal sphere in the Russian Federation and in the over countries is carried out. There are some contradictory opinions of scientists and practitioners regarding the possibility of using robotic technologies in the legal system. Sixthly, it presents own conclusion based on the conducted research, which is to substantiate the positive trend towards digitalization in the legal system, but the negativity of the possible effects excessive interference of the artificial intelligence in the legal activity.

The study analyzes the historical aspect of the formation of the notary in Ukraine. The scientific analysis of notary development, definition of notary system, determination of a place of the modern notary in the legal system is carried out. The introduction of European experience in the notary of Ukraine provides an opportunity to exchange practical skills, improve national legislation and unify Ukrainian documents in accordance with international standards. The legislative consolidation of "notary in Ukraine" is analyzed. It is the Law of Ukraine “On Notaries” that discloses the concept of notary as a system of bodies and officials who are obliged to certify rights, as well as facts of legal significance and perform other notarial acts, provided by law, in order to give them legal credibility. The main tasks of the notary are defined, namely ensuring the protection and defense of the rights, freedoms and legitimate interests of individuals and collective entities, as well as promoting the proper implementation of the rights and responsibilities of these entities, ensuring the protection and safeguarding of all property forms, crime prevention, general strengthening of the rule of law and maintenance of the proper level of law and order. The functions of the notary are outlined, which are constantly evolving and give notaries more powers when performing notarial acts. The types of legal systems of notaries are studied, and the place of Ukrainian notaries in the system is determined. A special place in the notary system of Ukraine is the introduction of digital technologies, namely electronic registers, which allow to speed up the performance of notarial acts. It is concluded, that the notary in Ukraine is constantly in the dynamics of development and improvement of both the system itself and notaries in general. The international experience of leading countries allows for constant exchange of skills and improvement of national legislation

The introduction of digital technologies in the dispute resolution process requires the adoption of legislative acts regulating the procedure for their application. This is most significantly reflected in the procedure for resolving private law disputes, the material and legal regulation of which is more liberal than the procedural and legal resolution of disputes arising from them.The stated procedural reform of civil proceedings in the Russian Federation (Federal Law of 28.11.2018 “on amendments to certain legislative acts”) has influenced not only the judicial form of legal protection, but also alternative ways of resolving disputes. The active introduction of conciliation procedures into the dispute resolution process is obvious.The transformation of economic relations and the creation of trading platforms where all activities are concentrated required the development of an effective, transparent and fast method of dispute resolution. To achieve this goal, it is necessary to provide this feature on the platform, so that the parties can quickly resolve disputes online.The mediation procedure as a way of settling disputes with the assistance of a mediator based on the voluntary consent of the parties in order to achieve a mutually acceptable solution is the most flexible procedure, since the parties are given greater freedom in determining the procedure.KeywordsDigital technologiesMediationInternet courtE-CommerceElectronic platformVirtual realityAugmented realityRussiaChinaJEL CodeK40D18K38L50

Modern global trends in the development of the digital economy specify new demands for public administration. Serious changes are required both for the government office setup and for the mechanism of interaction between citizens and organizations with state bodies, as well as between state bodies. It is necessary to simplify and speed up the organization of such interaction, which could be possible to reach through the introduction of digital technologies, the replacement of e-government with the digital one. This study reveals the problem of digital transformation of public administration in the Russian Federation. It discusses the main tasks and the current constraints. Digital transformation requires a change in fundamental approaches to the organization of public administration in our country, and a radical restructuring of the state apparatus. At the same time, there are restrictions regarding the financial support of digital transformation, the availability of qualified IT specialists, information security, etc. The methods comprised for the study include the methods of analysis and synthesis, economic and statistical methods, methods of comparative and factor analysis. The results of the study allowed determining the content of digital transformation, identifying the tasks of digital transformation of public administration in Russia, and analyzing the financial support of digital transformation of public administration. Also the problems of personnel support and national security in the implementation of digital technologies in public administration are explored in the paper.

Crisis management is an essential component of an organization's strategic development in the face of growing threats and global economic instability. The introduction of digital technologies, strategic flexibility, and the creation of a corporate culture that values adaptation are among the key elements and modern practices that are being taken into account. Since crisis prevention is given special attention, crisis management is not only a reactive, but also a proactive tool. The main problems faced by enterprises during the crisis are considered, including a decrease in demand, an increase in non-payments and an increase in the cost of credit resources. The prospects for crisis management in the Russian Federation are discussed, including the introduction of risk management systems, expert training, and assistance to small and medium-sized enterprises. Organizations can reduce the impact of crises and open up new avenues for development and innovation by using an integrated approach to crisis management.

Local perceptions of forest certification for community-based enterprises

The relevance of the study of the concept of a digital controller is predetermined by an active introduction of digital technologies into the control and supervisory activities of authorized bodies, which is expressed in the development of new technologies, the use of automated systems, artificial intelligence and other achievements. The use of digital technologies of various levels of complexity (gradually being introduced, breakthrough technologies and technologies of the near future) to increase the efficiency of the activities of control and supervisory authorities forms a new type of public financial control — digital public financial control that has a number of features, and, accordingly, is carried out by a specific entity. The entity exercising digital public financial control has new characteristics. The term a “digital controller” is new, there is no legal definition of it in the current legislation of the Russian Federation. Plans for the introduction of new digital technologies, especially artificial intelligence and robots, lead to discussions about their role in the legal relations that develop with their participation, that is, they lead to the development and analysis of the problem of attributing them either to objects or subjects. Thus, it seems appropriate to study the concept of “digital controller”, as well as its place in control and supervisory legal relations. At the present stage of development, we can confidently talk about the possibility of considering a digital controller in three aspects: as a control and supervisory authority, which is the subject of digital public financial control; employees of control and supervisory authorities working directly with digital systems; electronic persons, that is, artificial intelligence and robots as independent subjects.

The digital technologies’ development requires the determination of directions and advantages of their implementation and using, designing the ways and implementation structure. The article proposes the directions and marks advantages of introduction, use, and development of digital technologies, and identifying and analysis of market entities and the structure of their interaction. It will allow differentiating such interaction by groups of entities and detail the possibilities, and the ways of digital technologies using in all areas of implementation, and will contribute to achieving the benefits from digitalisation of business activities’ various types. Matrixes for the digital technologies using and matrixes for using the digital technologies’ effectiveness for authorities and business structures have been proposed. The compilation and analysis of these matrixes will make it possible to identify the most attractive areas for the introduction of digital technologies and ways for the development and interaction of business structures and all market entities.