Возникновение и применение в языкознании термина чагатайский язык

This article discusses the current requirement for scientific research to be published in the English language and the problems arising from this requirement not only for authors whose first language is not English but also for society and for the world's scientific community. The assistance which is and should be available to authors is considered as well as a future looking towards multilingual publication.

У статті розглядається формування економічної культури особистості. Висвітлюються функції економічної культури. Серед наукових робіт особливу увагу привертають дослідження, в яких на інтегративній основі вирішуються проблеми формування економічної культури, економічної соціалізації, економічного навчання та виховання. Наголошується на різних поглядах учених щодо економічної культури.

Introduction. The scientific article analyzes the features of legal culture of Ukraine, which is in the status of a national legal culture has absorbed not only by a common legal culture, but also special about it and specific to a given legal culture. Provided that there are no two identical legal systems, and no two identical legal cultures. Each national legal culture is developing in a separate society, which has its own cultural characteristics, its own history, develops in particular natural and historical conditions; and that primarily is due to the specificity of state-legal development of society, and therefore the specifics of the national legal culture. Noted that the peculiarities of formation and development of legal system of Ukraine at its initial stage are the objective factors that significantly influenced the development of legal culture of Ukraine, and with it – at the societal, group and individual perception of the new law in the minds of the people and their choice of the relevant legal values. It is argued that under adverse and highly controversial economic, social and state-legal development of Ukraine in the early 90-ies, national legal culture is acquired not progressive, and chaotic and even regressive trend of its development. By the authorities to attempt to reform society, including the state and legal reform, led mainly to the opposite effect, to the increasingly obvious destruction of the system of state administration and legal system, to the denial of the principle of legality and criminality, corruption, and systematic disregard for and violations of the ruling subjects of human rights. Therefore, instead of approval in public life generally accepted legal values in Ukraine today questioned the value of the law and legal nihilism entered level generally threatening the company's existence. The aim of the article. To find out the problems of the formation and development of legal culture in Ukraine, taking into account certain aspects of it to cover them in this article. Results. When talking about the formation of legal culture, it is noted in the literature, apparently, mean measures that create for this process, the necessary conditions, providing the opportunity to the highest degree manifest objective factors that should serve as a conditions of development of legal culture of a society in transition. However, the objectivity of the process of formation of legal culture of society does not mean elimination of human factor from the process. It is also alleged that in the professional legal culture on the legal culture in Ukraine, a special place belongs to the legal culture of lawmakers because of the level of their professional training, legal culture depends on the quality of laws, the timely and proper amendments and additions to the existing legislation with a view to its improvement. The actions of the lawmakers form the authority of the government, contribute to a proper understanding of the law, the observance of the current legislation. For legislative success is essential continuous professional legal culture of direct participants. As shown by practical experience, a high level of professional legal culture of the participant of the legislative process reaches the combining of the two requirements. The first involves the education of the participant of the legislative process, his personal conviction of the need of observance of laws in everyday life. The second is directly connected with the process of obtaining the quality of professional knowledge regarding the mechanism of creating laws and the legal system and develop skills to professionally apply that knowledge. Conclusions. The authors mainly focus not on the characteristics of the development and current state of national legal culture and on various aspects of relations "society-state" in whose context also refers to the legal culture in its private manifestations, and expressed opinions relative to problems of formation in Ukraine of a higher level or better quality of legal culture. But without a clear understanding of the specific and the real state of the national legal culture of Ukraine can not develop the necessary tools and levers of formation of legal culture necessary for the effective functioning of the national legal system.

This article discusses bread, which was a significant part of the diet of the Turkic peoples during the reign of Mahmud Kashgari. Bread has been widely used by the Turks since ancient times. This bread has long been loved and used not only by the Turkic peoples, but also by the peoples of the world. Nowadays, the types of bread and methods of preparation are various. There is also a comparative analysis of the types of bread mentioned in the work of Mahmud Kashgari, as well as historical information about their preparation and further development of bread. In this scientific work, we can see in what conditions and with what tools the Turkic people baked bread.

Language policy is an essential part of the state national policy. It is focused on regulating public relations in three main directions: the use of the languages of the peoples of Russia in order to ensure their preservation and development, the formation of a set of measures that promote the use of the state language of the Russian Federation in official spheres of communication and expand its use in interpersonal informal communication (which is not regulated by law), ensuring guarantees for the study of the native language by its native speakers and popularization of the use of the national (native) language in the fields of education, creativity, and science. The implementation of language policy involves taking into account the plurality of identity, including cultural identity, linguistic identity, which can be considered, under certain conditions, not independently, but as elements of civic identity. The article examines the main directions of language policy, taking into account the combination of individual and collective interests in the fields of language and culture, which contributes to the development of both national languages and cultures and all-Russian symbols — the state language and all-Russian culture. The heterogeneous nature of the legislation of the subjects of the Russian Federation in the field of language policy implementation is emphasized. The directions of improving legislative regulation in order to ensure ethnocultural and linguistic diversity, the development of guarantees for the protection of national languages, and the improvement of the mechanism for the use of languages with different legal status are proposed. The dialectical method of scientific cognition aimed at the study of legal phenomena and processes in their interrelation and systemic unity, and other general scientific methods (analysis, synthesis, generalization) are used. Conclusion. Language policy in the interests of maintaining the cultural and national identity of Russian citizens requires taking into account at least two factors in its formation: the need to preserve and protect national culture and language as the basis for the formation of national identity, and strengthening the all-Russian civic identity, which allows a Russian citizen to recognize himself as a Russian. Its principles include the protection of the rights of Russian citizens in the field of culture and language, the promotion and preservation of national languages and cultures of each people of Russia, the adaptation of migrants to the language and culture of the host community, the protection of the linguistic rights of compatriots abroad, the protection of the state language as the main element of the all-Russian civil identity.

Abstract. Introduction. Higher education institutions are a multicomponent centers of professional development of future specialist and centers of formation of human and social capital of country. An important condition for ensuring the competitive functioning of education institution, its ability to increase spiritual and intellectual potential of country is the development of organizational culture of institution. Organizational culture is a collective characteristic of the sociopsychological environment of educational institution, formation and development of which is determined by adaptability to external changes. Effective organizational culture contributes to the achievement of intellectual and cultural social goals by clearly defining the mission, goals and development strategy of higher education institution. Purpose. The purpose of the article is investigation the formation and development of powerful organizational culture of higher education institutions and presentation of its role in achieving competitive advantages of organizations at educational services market. Results. The essence of organizational culture of higher education institution is investigated. The views of scholars on interpretation of the terms «organizational culture» and «corporate culture» are presented and generalized. There is noted that organizational culture is a basis for formation of corporate culture of organization. Factors influencing the formation and development of organizational culture of higher education institution are identified and characterized, such as: professional activity of management, personal and professional development of teachers and students, macroeconomic environment, structural and organizational characteristics of institution. The influence of organizational culture on achievement of higher educational institutions' competitive advantages due to improvement of effective indicators of educational and scientific activity is presented. Modern tendencies in educational services market caused by migratory moods of youth, aging of the population are presented. The main measures to improve the organizational culture of higher education institutions at different levels (administrative, teaching, student and service) are described, which will increase the competitive position of organization. Conclusions. Organizational culture is very important for ensuring the quality and effectiveness of educational, scientific and cultural processes of higher education institutions, uniting the values, goals and norms of behavior and communication between all participants in educational process, regardless of positions and social roles. The full development of organizational culture of higher education institutions requires the coordination of values, skills and abilities of all representatives of organization to achieve a synergistic effect.

Marked, that in the socio-economic terms of Ukraine of problem of forming and development of innovative culture acquire all greater actuality. The concept of innovative culture and her feature is determined, that inherent to Ukrainian society. Key factors that influence on forming and development of innovative culture in the socio-economic environment of Ukraine are determined. Attention applies on the role of enterprise and businessmen as key subjects of introduction of innovations, human factors and descriptions of businessman- innovator, that influence on the processes of forming of innovative culture as a component culture of enterprise, are analysed. Paid attention to the problem of government control of innovative activity, the role of the state is determined in the process of forming of innovative culture, basic mechanisms over of government control of innovative activity are brought and an accent is done on integration of state and market mechanisms of adjusting of innovative activity and forming of innovative culture in Ukrainian society. The role of human resource is determined in forming of innovative culture, the key problems of development of human capital are analysed taking into account the specific of socio-economic and historical development of Ukraine. Examples of successful innovative politics of some countries, that influences on development of innovative culture, are made. An accent is done on the system of education and development of key resource of innovative activity - human capital there are processes of intellectualization of labour force in basis of that. Marked, that due to combination of key factors of innovative development, namely state, market and human it maybe to form and develop an innovative culture that in turn will influence on the improvement of efficiency of enterprise and economy on the whole.

The article is devoted to the problem of formation and development of corporate culture as the main factor of the successful functioning of medical organization in terms of optimization of activity of the health system. Discusses the importance and main directions of development of corporate culture for personal and organizational development. The authors identified features of the corporate culture of healthcare organizations, the approaches, showing the sequence and contents of the main practical activities on the formation, maintenance and development of corporate culture. Emphasized the need for further research and introduction of corporate culture and cultural values in health care organizations. Purpose/ objectives: to Study and evaluate the corporate culture of healthcare organizations to improve institutional management and increase of efficiency activity of medical organizations. Materials and methods: For data collection methods were used: direct observation, interviews, questionnaires. In conducting this study used data from official sources, a literature review, a systematic approach, comparative analysis, historical, sociological, statistical research methods. The results of the study indicate the need for concept development, tools implementation and development of corporate culture in the practice of the medical organizations. Conclusions/Significance: Corporate culture – the system of collectively shared values, symbols, beliefs, standards of behaviour employees of the organization that contributes to the originality and uniqueness of the activities of medical organizations that promote the identification of employees with the organization; Corporate culture is formed with the influence of factors external and internal environment of the organization, solving problems, external adaptation and internal integration in the environment; Generated and promoted by the corporate culture is an important management tool, creates strong competitive advantage, increases the social responsibility of medical institutions to the society and patients, improves the quality of medical activities; The presence of the corporate culture of the organization, a coherent system of values and behavior models allows us to improve policy development processes, internal communication, unity and team cohesion, to create a single vector of development of human resources to reduce employee turnover in your organization; Medical organizations need the formation of the concept, mechanisms of implementation and development of corporate culture in practice activities; The system of continuous professional education of managerial staff of health must ensure the implementation of educational programs in the field of formation and development of the corporate culture of healthcare organizations.

The paper justifies the necessity to form preschoolers’ functional literacy. The research objective includes identifying peculiarities of the Udmurt preschool literary education focused on forming preschoolers’ reading competence and basic components of functional literacy. The article justifies the thesis that preschoolers’ functional literacy can be formed in the process of literary education in the native (Udmurt) language. The author introduces an authorial educational-methodological complex “Зарни бугор” aimed to form preschoolers’ native language literacy, and herein lies scientific originality of the study. The conducted research allows drawing the following conclusions: preschool literary education in the native (Udmurt) language should focus on forming preschoolers’ native language literacy; the educational-methodological complex “Зарни бугор” can be efficiently used to form preschoolers’ native language skills.

The article is devoted to highlighting the problem of diagnosing the level of information culture development of teachers of preschool education institutions. It was determined that the main parameters for assessing the level of information culture of teachers of preschool education institutions can be considered knowledge, skills and abilities related to professionally important qualities of their personality and represent the basis of effective professional activity. The thesis that the information culture of preschool educators includes the following components is proposed and experimentally proven: information needs of educators, leading motives of professional activity in the information environment, worldview orientations, etc.The author of the article presents the process of information culture development of pedagogical workers of educational institutions in the form of a spiral, where each new stage of development is based on the components of information culture of previous periods, while adding new ones to the composition of time-tested ones. In this way, conditions are not only created for awareness of the laws of this activity, but also for determining the basic components of information culture for the purpose of further diagnostics. It is assumed that all components of information culture represent a single system, the components of which are interconnected and mutually conditioned. Based on the analysis of scientific literature, the author identified the leading components of the information culture of educators (the culture of information perception; the culture of information use; the culture of the organization of information presentation; the culture of communication in the information environment) and their content, the characteristics of the levels of formation of the information culture of pedagogical workers of preschool education institutions were given . The content and leading principles of qualitative assessment of the degree of development of information culture of preschool educators are disclosed. A basic qualitative model for assessing the level of development of educators' information culture is proposed. A brief description of the leading conditions, which are the driving forces for the development of the information culture of pedagogical workers in preschool education institutions, is provided. The author of the article proposed the use of self-monitoring (self-management) procedures in order to optimize the work system for the development of the information culture of pedagogical educators.

In linguistics, the study of the characteristics of acquisition of dialects is of particular importance. In particular, the study of dialects based on written and oral literary examples plays an important role for research in this field. Until 1920, Azerbaijani dialects played a fundamental role in the development of the literary language of Azerbaijan. The role of dialects in enriching the lexicon of the literary language is irreplaceable. Thus, dialect words have become the source and base of the lexicon of the literary language. Now this process is going in another direction. In other words, the literary language affects dialects and changes them, creates conditions and grounds for the reduction and disappearance of the expressive function of dialect words. But for now, dialects remain as an independent language unit in the national language. As the literary language affects the dialects, their phonetic, grammatical systems and pronunciation rules also change. They lose their unique features and approach the literary language. The research article deals with the creation of words related to dialects in prose. Word formation of both suffixes is proved by selected examples from the literature. In conclusion, let’s note that word-forming affixes have more stylistic features in works written in spoken language, and their study is important from a philological aspect.

We consider the problem of development an active lexical fund of the modern Russian literary language, an important source of which is considered to be folk patois. We describe the trends that determine the qualitative and quantitative changes in the vocabulary of the Russian literary language, affecting the nature of the lexical-semantic system of the national language. The synchronous-diachronic approach to the analysis of specific lexical units, for example, the words girl and grandfather, which are high-frequency and relevant for the modern Russian literary language, makes it possible to clarify the direction of semantic and stylistic transformations of lexemes, which contributes to clarifying their genesis and ways of penetration into the standard codified language. Northern Russian patois, including Kostroma patois, are considered as one of the linguistic phenomena that influenced the formation of a standardized literary language. In this context, special attention is paid to the works of writers of the late 18th – mid-19th century (A.O. Ablesimov, A.N. Ostrovsky, N.A. Nekrasov, etc.), associated with the Kostroma Region, and their works are analyzed in as significant sources for studying the regional word, as well as the history of its entry into the literary language. Part of the dialect vocabulary that appears in the author’s texts is currently fully adapted to the literary language, the other part, distinguished by a special colloquial affectation or structural-semantic and functional-textual properties, still occupies a border position between the center of the national language and its periphery. We analyze the commonly used lexemes of the modern Russian literary language in the totality of their structural-semantic and functional-stylistic properties that appeared in it due to the regrouping processes that took place in various areas of the national Russian language in a historical perspective from the 17th century to the 21st century.

The article tackles the relevance of using active and interactive teaching methods in the educational process. Various qualifications of active and interactive teaching methods are presented on the basis of scientific and pedagogical literature. The demand for active and interactive teaching methods is caused by the requirement of the Federal State Educational Standard of Higher Education for the formation and development of professional skills of students and a social order for the formation of the intellectual and creative potential of an individual for creative activity in the professional sphere. According to the article to optimize the professional training of starter philologists it is necessary to use active and interactive teaching methods which are based on active interpersonal and intercultural interaction, on defending one's own position, making appropriate argumentation. The results of a survey of Sevastopol State University students in order to provide feedback on active and interactive teaching methods in general and the use of these methods in the university are presented. In this article, the authors present some results of the use of methods mentioned when teaching students-philologists majoring in 45.03.01 Philology in a practical lesson during the course "Practicum on the development of speech culture ". The authors examined the possibilities of using the following methods within the framework of a practical lesson such as discussion, training, pair-work with various language material. In conclusion, much attention is paid to the usage of the mutually complementary active and interactive teaching methods as an integral component of the contemporary conditions.

Plots and figures play an important role in the process of understanding a scientificpublication, providing overviews of large amounts of data or ideas that are difficult to in-tuitively present using only the text. State of art in digital libraries, serving as gatewaysto knowledge encoded in scholarly writings, does not take full advantage of the graphicalcontent of documents. Enabling machines to automatically unlock the meaning of scien-tific illustrations would allow immense improvements in the way scientists work and theknowledge is being processed. In this paper we present a novel solution for the initial problem of processing graphicalcontent, obtaining figures from scholarly publications stored in PDF format. Our methodrelies on vector properties of documents and as such, does not introduce additional errors,characteristic for methods based on raster image processing. Emphasis has been placed oncorrectly processing documents in High Energy Physics. The described approach makesdistinction between different classes of objects appearing in PDF documents and usesspatial clustering techniques to group objects into larger logical entities. A number ofheuristics allow the rejection of incorrect figure candidates and the extraction of differenttypes of metadata.

The research relevance on the relationship between the national language and statehood is determined by intensification of contradictions in modern society associated with the neglect or selective attitude of politicians to certain processes of linguistic identification of an individual, people and state. The purpose of the study is to reveal the reasons for the ignorant nihilism of so-called “titular nation” in relation to the “undeveloped” or “non-indigenous” peoples. As an alternative, a project is proposed for the creative construction of the Russian state on the basis of preserving the right of each peoples to their own culture as part of national language. Its special status is not always associated with the point date of the emergence of a nation or a particular national language in the era of capitalism. It is determined by long process of formation of the original language culture, starting from Ancient Rus’ and the formation of the Russian Empire up to the present, characterized by devastating consequences of an unprofessional view of the problem of language construction. Free interpretations of the concepts of state, regional, non-territorial languages, languages of nationalities or native language and attempts to fit the norms of modern state life under the category of exclusivity of a certain nationality, one ruling class, one religion or language of communication in the conditions of interpenetration and interdependence of modern cultures are criticized. As a conclusion, ways are proposed to restore the traditional model of Russian statehood, associated with the preservation of multicultural and multinational community, materialized in the national language.