Методический подход к оценке устойчивого развития сельских территорий

The aim of the study is to develop a system of economic and mathematical tools for modeling the socio-demographic development of rural areas. In preparing the article, theoretical methods of economic research were used. The sustainable development of rural areas is the most important goal of modern state agrarian policy. Different points of view on the problem under study indicate the need for more in-depth scientific study and concretization of practical measures for the stable development of rural areas. The modern socio-economic situation in the countryside is characterized by high unemployment, poverty, negative trends in the social sphere: a worsening demographic situation, destruction of social infrastructure, processes of outflow and degradation of the labor force. Changing the quality characteristics of rural life negatively affects the reproduction of labor resources as the basis for sustainable socio-economic development of rural areas. Modelling the socio-demographic development of rural areas of the region is one of the necessary strategic goals of agricultural, demographic and social policies, the achievement of which will ensure food security, the competitiveness of the national economy and improving the quality of life of the population. The article substantiates and adapts a system of economic and mathematical tools for modeling the socio-demographic development of rural territories, in which, in conjunction with the scientific provisions of known theories, correlation-regression and deterministic factor models with corresponding indicators from the declared methods were used, significantly expanding the field of their practical application.

Systemic economic, environmental and social problems of rural areas in modern world make the issue of public policy for their sustainable development particularly topical. The socioeconomic development of the Russian Federation, increased volumes of agricultural output, growing efficiency of the agricultural sector, full employment of the rural population and improving its living conditions, as well as achieving efficient land use require proper legal support. The main strategic planning documents regulating aspects of sustainable development of rural areas are represented by three groups of political and legal acts regarding their: 1) agricultural development, 2) sustainable development, 3) spatial development. Most research articles cover one of these aspects of facilitating the development of rural areas. The sources demonstrate the lack of comprehensive legal studies covering the issues of sustainable development of rural areas. The present article provides a comprehensive analysis of the legal regulation of facilitating sustainable development of rural areas in each of the aspects mentioned. The methods of comparative analysis and legal hermeneutics applied made it possible to reveal contradictions and gaps in the strategic planning documents. This precludes the possibility of specifying a single conceptual model of legal regulation of sustainable development of rural areas. The authors have considered the internal and external sides of the model of legal regulation, outlined the legal approaches to its formation in modern geopolitical, economic and social conditions. The article identifies the problems of legal support for sustainable development of rural areas and considers ways to solve them.

The role of the natural resource capacity as a key factor of sustainable development in rural areas is actualized in the article. We point out that the development of a strategy for the sustainable development of rural areas is impossible without comprehensive accounting and assessment of the natural and climatic conditions of the functioning in the considered area. An analysis of the current state and development of the natural resource capacity in rural areas is made on the example of the Non-humus zone in the Republic of Bashkortostan. A detailed description of the climatic conditions at the regional level is given. The actual agricultural specialization and combination of crop and livestock sectors of agro-organizations is established taking into account the differentiation of natural resource and soil-climatic conditions and is caused by regional differences. It is affirmed that the Non-humus zone in the Republic of Bashkortostan has a great natural and resource potential, which, with effective use, makes it possible to ensure sustainable development of rural areas. The main part of the territory under consideration has sufficient bioclimatic and soil resources, which allow creating sustainable premises for the development of agricultural industries, the production of basic types of food. We concluded that natural and soil-climatic factors have a significant impact on the conditions of functioning of modern agriculture, which, in turn, directly affects the sustainable development of agro-organizations. We summarized that the design of the main options of the sustainable development strategy for rural areas of the Non-humus zone in the Republic of Bashkortostan should directly take into account the specific features of the development of the natural and resource capacity of the area.

The article substantiates diversification as a tool to ensure sustainable development of rural areas in decentralization, which contributes to increasing incomes of the rural population, increasing gross agricultural and non-agricultural products, ensuring the competitiveness of rural areas, achieving economic, food and environmental safety, rational use, protection and reproduction of natural resources. In the process of researching the level of sustainable development of rural areas, monographic and graphic methods and scientific generalization were used. The study identified internal factors that affect the sustainable development of rural areas. Social factors include living conditions, the situation on the labor market, the state of social infrastructure. Economic factors should include the provision of agricultural land, the state of diversification of agricultural and non-agricultural activities, the amount of investment in economic development, the level and structure of household income in rural areas. Environmental factors include the level of air pollution, the situation with waste, the use of freshwater, the application of fertilizers to soils, the production and restoration of forests, the level of investment in environmental protection. External factors influencing the sustainable development of rural areas include the political situation in the country and the world; decentralization process; state programs to support rural development and agriculture; the level of supply and demand for goods and services produced in a particular area, etc. It is substantiated that diversification is a tool to ensure sustainable development and strengthen the competitive advantages of rural areas. It is stipulated that attracting investments in rural development and diversification of economic activity will contribute to job creation; income growth of rural residents; the revival of local crafts, customs and crafts, improvement of villages and change of consciousness of villagers. Further research should be carried out in the direction of calculating the integrated index of sustainable development of rural areas in Ukraine to identify regional disparities in the social, economic and environmental spheres of the functioning of these areas in the context of decentralization.

The paper focuses on the main problems of sustainable development of rural areas and the effectiveness of state support in the Republic of Kazakhstan. The theoretical bases of the concepts of “sustainable development” and “sustainable development of rural territories” were studied. As a result, the authors defined these concepts and analyzed the effectiveness of measures of state support and development in rural areas of Kazakhstan. The authors also analyzed and proposed the usage of international experience in the development of rural settlements. This research allows asserting that current state regional policies suffer from a lack of attention to the sustainable development of rural territories. Thus, the heterogeneity of local territories is preserved and strengthened, becoming a factor of their social instability, creating a threat to the country’s food security. The need to develop theoretical approaches and practical proposals for the sustainable development of the main types of rural areas, including a methodology for the development of rural settlements and effective tools to support the revival of rural territories, is described.

Досліджено нормативно-правовий та інституційно-адміністративний механізм державного управління сталим розвитком аграрного сектору та сільських територій. Проаналізовано міжнародний досвід запровадження принципів сталого розвитку. На основі проведеного аналізу запропоновано алгоритм запровадження основ концепції сталого розвитку України, а саме: прийняття національної стратегії сталого розвитку “Україна – 2030”, відповідно до Глобальних цілей сталого розвитку (далі – ЦСР), прийнятих Генеральною Асамблеєю Організації Об’єднаних Націй (далі – ООН) 25 вересня 2015 р. “Перетворення нашого світу: Порядок денний сталого розвитку 2030”, який вміщує 17 Глобальних ЦСР до 2030 р.; Указу Президента України “Цілі сталого розвитку України на період до 2030 року” від 30.09.2019 р. Зазначено, що в рамках національної стратегії повинна бути розроблена програма сталого розвитку аграрного сектору та сільських територій. Адже для досягнення 2-ї Цілі “Подолання голоду, досягнення продовольчої безпеки, поліпшення харчування та сприяння сталому сільському господарству” саме аграрний сектор та сільські громади мають вирішальну роль. Запропоновано удосконалення адміністративно-інституціонального механізму управління сталим розвитком, а саме створення державного комітету із сталого розвитку, підпорядкованого Кабінету Міністрів України, для здійснення координаційної діяльності всіх міністерств та відомств у напрямку запровадження стратегії сталого розвитку. Розглянуто методи побудови механізмів державного управління сталим розвитком, які враховують інтереси усіх зацікавлених сторін, базуються на моделі “державно-приватного” партнерства, а також методах горизонтальної та вертикальної інтеграції, враховуючи альтернативи розвитку держави, специфіку аграрного сектору економіки, потреб сільських територіальних громад у напрямку досягнення ЦСР.

This paper elaborates the relationship between social capital components and sustainable rural development. Through empirical research it’s examined the relationship between the components of social capital, social trust, social cohesion, social participation, social security and sustainable development in rural areas in RNM. The questions are designed through the application of the Likert scale, by examining a target group of respondents who exist in rural areas. Through statistical processing it’s displayed the relationship between the notated components. The study illustrates the relationship of "non-economic" factors in achieving sustainable rural development. The inclusion of social capital elements in rural development reflects local wisdom and community strength. The aim of the paper is to stimulate debate about the missing "social" in contemporary economic policies.

The impact of human activity on the environment is becoming increasingly evident in the modern world. Growing industrialization, the use of natural resources, and environmental pollution lead to serious environmental problems at the global level. In this context, preserving natural resources in rural areas is particularly important. Villages and rural areas, an essential component of society, also play a crucial role in ensuring environmental and economic sustainability. Balanced environmental and economic sustainability in rural areas is a task that requires a comprehensive approach and interaction between different actors, including local authorities, communities, businesses, and civil society organizations. Environmental sustainability involves preserving the diversity of nature, maintaining ecosystems, and using resources rationally without harming the environment. Economic sustainability is the development of agriculture and enterprises that provide vital goods and services while preserving the region's ecological integrity. The study aims to analyze the ecological and economic sustainability of rural areas and provide recommendations on preserving natural resources and ensuring their sustainable development. This article analyzes various aspects of the environmental and economic sustainability of rural areas in Ukraine. The importance of preserving natural resources, the possibility of using new technologies for sustainable agriculture, and the role of communities and the state in achieving these goals are considered. The trends and critical issues are assessed across dimensions like natural resource management, pollution in rural areas, etc., drawing upon data from national statistics, government reports, academic studies, and field surveys. It is determined that it is necessary to implement measures aimed at conserving natural resources to ensure the sustainable development of rural areas. This is achieved by introducing resource-saving and environmentally friendly technologies, developing alternative energy sources, promoting environmental culture, and improving the socio-economic situation in rural areas. This is achieved by creating new jobs, developing infrastructure, and providing social services. An essential condition for ensuring the sustainable development of rural areas is an integrated approach that considers all these factors. Rural areas play an essential role in ensuring food security and sustainable development of the country. However, in the process of economic activity in rural areas, significant environmental and economic problems arise that threaten the sustainability of these areas. Particular attention should be focused on integrated approaches that enhance synergies between the economic, environmental, and social spheres rather than individual initiatives. The importance of involving rural residents is emphasized to implement sustainability principles in rural lifestyles and institutions. Keywords: sustainable development, rural areas of Ukraine, theoretical aspects, practical aspects, environmental sustainability, economic sustainability, natural resource conservation, agriculture, communities.

In Vietnam, rural area is a region for living and working of a rural resident community, including mainly farmers. It is a region of agricultural production (by the general meaning). Besides, there are manufacturing activities and service, but priority is given to agriculture and rural community. Meanwhile, the rural density is lower than urban density. Vietnam introduced its development programme “Building new rural areas”, which program aims at finding a concept of sustainable development in rural areas in order to emerge the role of sustainable development toward the National direction for local strategies and to ensure sustainable rural development. This paper is a work at the scope of reviews and literature available worldwide in development policies and programmes on sustainable rural development. It compares the dimensions of these policies and programmes on the basis of definitions, methodology and practical framework applied in order to identify a promotion for building new rural areas in disciplines, and especially supply a background for data analyses of the Vietnamese case in the National Target Programme “Building new rural areas during the period 2011-2015”.

Sustainable development is socioeconomic growth that integrates political, economic, and social measures alongside environmental protection to meet the needs of communities and citizens without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their needs. The sustainable development concept was initially based on three main pillars: environment, economy, and society. In successive years, this concept has been expanded to include new pillars. The awareness of these changes has influenced our research interests. The main research objective of this study was to evaluate the applicability of geographic information system (GIS) tools (data, tools, and multidimensional analyses) to the implementation of sustainable development principles in rural areas. The study covered rural and nonurbanized areas in Poland, especially farmland, forests, fisheries, and farms. The study presents the results of our research into environmental, economic, and social determinants of growth in the spatial dimension. GIS tools continue to evolve, which improves access to information and increases database managers’ awareness that highly accurate data are needed for spatial analyses. GIS systems allow us to formulate, in a structured and formal way, models that reflect both the current state and forecast changes that will occur in space. It is a very useful tool in the sustainable development of rural areas.

Goal. To carry out a scientific and metho­dological justification of the feasibility of forming clusters as an effective tool of the organizational and economic mechanism of ensuring the sustainable development of rural areas. Methods. General scientific approaches, such as dialectical, systemic, and synergetic, as well as special methods are applied: abstract-logical method (induction and deduction techniques, analogies and comparisons), the method of theoretical generalization, structuring, analysis and synthesis, monographic, various techniques of the economic-statistical method. Results. The theoretical foundations and scientific approaches to the formation of clusters and the process of clustering in rural areas were studied; the positive experience of the practical creation and functioning of clusters in the Volyn region was described and analyzed; the main principles and tasks of cluster organization were singled out and systematized; proposals were developed regarding the prospects of clustering in rural areas to effectively implement their existing sociodemographic and production-economic potential. Conclusions. The experience of the functioning of cluster associations in the rural areas of the Volyn region, which is ensured by the efforts of entrepreneurial, communal, credit-financial, and scientific structures, state authorities, and local self-government, shows that the development of clusters can contribute to increasing the overall level of competitiveness of the rural area, improving its investment potential and economic growth, improving the quality of life of the rural population. The strategic guidelines for the sustainable development of rural areas, which take into account the established vector of state development and are based on the effective functioning of self-governing, competitive, and financially sustainable rural communities, and the creation of cluster associations based on them, are substantiated. The obtained results, formulated conclusions and proposals will contribute to the solution of theoretical and practical problems of the formation of the agricultural production cycle based on the “chain of added value”, the development of competition, the creation of new jobs, the increase of investments, the solution of ecological and food problems as the basis of the sustai­nable development of rural areas in Ukraine.

<p>This study focuses on developing tourist villages as sustainable tourist destinations. The aim of this research is to determine the role of the government in tourism development which is carried out in a comprehensive and integrated manner by wisely utilizing natural resources, culture and geographical conditions. sustainable development, especially in rural areas, is expected to contribute to increasing welfare, equality and environmental awareness for the community. The research method was carried out using a qualitative approach, using observation, documentation and interview techniques to collect various complete data and information by determining research data sources, collecting and analyzing qualitative data, making conclusions and recommendations. The research results show that the government's role is quite large, although it has not succeeded in achieving targets in implementing various tourism developments in rural areas related to three role indicators, namely: 1) regulator, 2) dynamist, and 3) facilitator.</p>

Purpose- Ineffectiveness and unsustainability of classic approaches to respond to socioeconomic challenges in rural areas is one of the biggest barriers to sustainable development and achieving its goals. Hence, modern tourism as a new strategy has been able to be effective in the evolution of sustainable development in rural areas. Such that today emergence of postmodern tourism has made the tourists be more willing to use cultural attractions and unique experiences in tourism destinations, and the big entertaining places are not attractive to them anymore. On the other hand, rural areas have constantly faced difficulties in attracting tourists because of poverty and economic problems; therefore, creative tourism has been presented as an appropriate approach in developing rural tourism, since it does not need huge investments and uses the existing cultural and natural aspects. Therefore, the present study aims at investigating the role of creative tourism in rural sustainable development and ranking the sample villages according creative tourism components. Design/methodology/approach- The present study is an applied study with regard to function and is a descriptive-analytic study with regard to its nature. We used field and library methods based on observation and questionnaire for data collection. Validity of the questionnaire items was confirmed by experts and using Cronbach alpha formula (0.856). The statistic population includes the households of six historic-cultural villages in northwest of Iran; 313 household heads were randomly selected using the Cochran formula. Statistical tests such as one sample t-test, multi-variate linear regression, and Kruskal–Wallis test were used for data analysis. Findings- The results indicated that the mean values are higher than 3 for all the components of creative tourism except risk taking which is 2.99; the components are also significant at 0.01 level indicating desirable conditions of the target villages with regard to creative tourism. Investigation of regression fitness model indicated that 0.83 of the positive effect of tourism on rural sustainable development is due to creativity in tourism. Also, according to beta values, among the five components of creative tourism, participation (0.286) and and risk taking (0.181) were the most and least effective factors in rural sustainable development through tourism, respectively. The results of Kruskal–Wallis test indicated that Kandovan (65.257) was at the first rank and Varkaneh (41.71) was at the sixth rank with regard to creative tourism and the consequent sustainable development.

Public radio broadcasting is a vital medium for fostering sustainable development in rural areas. By providing access to timely information, promoting education, facilitating civic engagement, and supporting social and economic transformation, public radio plays a central role in closing the information gap between rural populations and decision-makers. This study used a survey design (n = 399) to examine the contributions of public radio to sustainable rural development in selected communities in Bauchi State, Nigeria. Findings indicate high ownership of radio sets (82%), strong listenership for development programs (70%), and widespread perception that radio positively influences agriculture, health, and education (80%). Identified constraints include political interference, inadequate funding, limited program diversity, weak infrastructure, and intermittent signal problems. The study recommends strengthened institutional support, participatory programming, editorial independence, and targeted investments to amplify radio’s developmental impact and better align broadcasting practice with Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).

Purpose. The purpose of the article is to reveal the scientific and methodological foundations for assessing the environmental component of sustainable development of rural areas. Results. On the example of the Volyn region of Ukraine the system analysis of ecological situation is accomplished in a region, taking into account the level of material well-being and efficiency of the use of natural (land) resources. The level of anthropogenic and technogenic load in rural areas, as well as the state of intensification of environmental protection activities, was determined. The necessity of developing a system of measures for the formation and provision of environmental conditions for the sustainable development of rural areas is proved. Scientific novelty. Based on the results of the study, it was determined that the main disadvantages of the modern agricultural landscapes of Volyn are: intensive use of degraded, unproductive and radioactively contaminated lands; irrational use of especially valuable productive lands; violation of optimal crop rotations and their saturation with erosion-hazardous crops; inconsistency of land use with their agro-ecological characteristics; violation of the optimal ratio in agrolandscapes of various types of land (natural, semi-natural and anthropogenic); spread and deepening of degradation processes; unsatisfactory state of forest reclamation of agrolandscapes and insignificant development of lands for nature protection purposes. To correct these shortcomings, a new, scientifically based approach to agricultural production using modern innovative technologies is needed. Practical value. Prospects for the development of agricultural production in the Volyn region require environmental orientation and the development of fundamentally new approaches to the organization and management of quality of the environment in agricultural production. It is necessary to provide scientific, methodological, informational and consulting assistance to the population on farming and land use. The Volyn Polissya zone has a favorable geographical position, favorable natural and climatic conditions, a great historical and cultural heritage, natural recreational and medical resources, the rational and careful use of which will ensure the sustainable development of rural areas.