ТЕОРЕТИКО-МЕТОДОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ АСПЕКТЫ МОДЕЛИРОВАНИЯ СОЦИАЛЬНО-ДЕМОГРАФИЧЕСКОГО РАЗВИТИЯ СЕЛЬСКИХ ТЕРРИТОРИЙ

Проведён анализ существующих подходов к раскрытию экономического содержания дефиниции устойчивое развитие сельских территорий в отечественной и зарубежной практике. Обоснован авторский подход к оценке устойчивого развития сельских территорий, предусматривающий расчёт комплексного интегрального показателя по трём составляющим устойчивого развития (экономическое, социальное, экологическое). С учётом предлагаемой авторами методики проведён анализ устойчивого развития сельских территорий субъектов Российской Федерации. Introduction. In the context of increasing global economic instability, it is important to achieve the sustainable development of the country and its regions. Socioeconomic effectiveness of the development of the country as a whole is largely determined with the sustainable development of its rural areas. In the face of new global risks and opportunities, rural areas become the most important economic and demographic component of any state. The goal of the study is to develop a methodological approach to assess the sustainable development of rural areas.Results. The analysis of the existing approaches to the disclosure of economic content of definition sustainable development of rural areas in domestic and foreign practice was carried out. The authors substantiate a methodical approach to the assessment of sustainable development of rural areas which includes four consecutive stages. The analysis of the sustainable development of rural areas in the federal districts of the Russian Federation was conducted. As a tool for assessing the sustainable development of rural areas of the federal districts of Russia, a comprehensive integrated indicator of sustainable development is taken. It is used as a geometric mean of particular indicators (social, economic and environmental). Conclusion. The proposed methodology for assessing the sustainable development of rural areas can not only determine the level of their sustainable development in general, but also makes it possible to assess the level of sustainability of a certain area (economic, social, environmental) and assess the factors affecting the sustainable development of rural areas in dynamics. The results of the assessment of the factors determining the sustainability of the development of rural areas are necessary for the development by the government authorities of the relevant measures and programs for their further development.

Systemic economic, environmental and social problems of rural areas in modern world make the issue of public policy for their sustainable development particularly topical. The socioeconomic development of the Russian Federation, increased volumes of agricultural output, growing efficiency of the agricultural sector, full employment of the rural population and improving its living conditions, as well as achieving efficient land use require proper legal support. The main strategic planning documents regulating aspects of sustainable development of rural areas are represented by three groups of political and legal acts regarding their: 1) agricultural development, 2) sustainable development, 3) spatial development. Most research articles cover one of these aspects of facilitating the development of rural areas. The sources demonstrate the lack of comprehensive legal studies covering the issues of sustainable development of rural areas. The present article provides a comprehensive analysis of the legal regulation of facilitating sustainable development of rural areas in each of the aspects mentioned. The methods of comparative analysis and legal hermeneutics applied made it possible to reveal contradictions and gaps in the strategic planning documents. This precludes the possibility of specifying a single conceptual model of legal regulation of sustainable development of rural areas. The authors have considered the internal and external sides of the model of legal regulation, outlined the legal approaches to its formation in modern geopolitical, economic and social conditions. The article identifies the problems of legal support for sustainable development of rural areas and considers ways to solve them.

The role of the natural resource capacity as a key factor of sustainable development in rural areas is actualized in the article. We point out that the development of a strategy for the sustainable development of rural areas is impossible without comprehensive accounting and assessment of the natural and climatic conditions of the functioning in the considered area. An analysis of the current state and development of the natural resource capacity in rural areas is made on the example of the Non-humus zone in the Republic of Bashkortostan. A detailed description of the climatic conditions at the regional level is given. The actual agricultural specialization and combination of crop and livestock sectors of agro-organizations is established taking into account the differentiation of natural resource and soil-climatic conditions and is caused by regional differences. It is affirmed that the Non-humus zone in the Republic of Bashkortostan has a great natural and resource potential, which, with effective use, makes it possible to ensure sustainable development of rural areas. The main part of the territory under consideration has sufficient bioclimatic and soil resources, which allow creating sustainable premises for the development of agricultural industries, the production of basic types of food. We concluded that natural and soil-climatic factors have a significant impact on the conditions of functioning of modern agriculture, which, in turn, directly affects the sustainable development of agro-organizations. We summarized that the design of the main options of the sustainable development strategy for rural areas of the Non-humus zone in the Republic of Bashkortostan should directly take into account the specific features of the development of the natural and resource capacity of the area.

The article substantiates diversification as a tool to ensure sustainable development of rural areas in decentralization, which contributes to increasing incomes of the rural population, increasing gross agricultural and non-agricultural products, ensuring the competitiveness of rural areas, achieving economic, food and environmental safety, rational use, protection and reproduction of natural resources. In the process of researching the level of sustainable development of rural areas, monographic and graphic methods and scientific generalization were used. The study identified internal factors that affect the sustainable development of rural areas. Social factors include living conditions, the situation on the labor market, the state of social infrastructure. Economic factors should include the provision of agricultural land, the state of diversification of agricultural and non-agricultural activities, the amount of investment in economic development, the level and structure of household income in rural areas. Environmental factors include the level of air pollution, the situation with waste, the use of freshwater, the application of fertilizers to soils, the production and restoration of forests, the level of investment in environmental protection. External factors influencing the sustainable development of rural areas include the political situation in the country and the world; decentralization process; state programs to support rural development and agriculture; the level of supply and demand for goods and services produced in a particular area, etc. It is substantiated that diversification is a tool to ensure sustainable development and strengthen the competitive advantages of rural areas. It is stipulated that attracting investments in rural development and diversification of economic activity will contribute to job creation; income growth of rural residents; the revival of local crafts, customs and crafts, improvement of villages and change of consciousness of villagers. Further research should be carried out in the direction of calculating the integrated index of sustainable development of rural areas in Ukraine to identify regional disparities in the social, economic and environmental spheres of the functioning of these areas in the context of decentralization.

The article examines the factors influencing the development of rural areas of the Leningrad Region, with an emphasis on the role of engineering and social infrastructure. The objective of the study is to identify a statistically significant relationship between the level of infrastructure development (social and engineering) and key demographic indicators of rural areas: the number of rural settlements, the size of the rural population and its share in the total population of the region. To assess the strength of the relationships, we calculated paired linear correlation coefficients. The study revealed contradictory trends: the size of the rural population of the Leningrad Region in 2005–2024 increased by 71,1 thousand people (12,5%), while in Russia as a whole it decreased by 4,7%; the share of the rural population in the region has been steadily declining (from 34,6% in 2015 to 30,2% in 2025). During the period of the regional program “Comprehensive Development of Rural Areas” (2019–2024), the network of outpatient and polyclinic (4391 visits per shift), educational (3650 places in 2024), and cultural and leisure facilities (3186 places in 2015–2025) was significantly expanded. However, no statistically significant relationship was found between the growth of infrastructure and demographic indicators. It is concluded that traditional approaches to rural development based on the expansion of social and engineering infrastructure do not ensure sustainable growth of the rural population in the Leningrad Region. The availability of infrastructure is an important, but not a determining factor in development. This necessitates the development of new mechanisms for the sustainable development of rural areas that take into account modern trends (remote work, a comfortable living environment independent of the local labor market, etc.).

The impact of human activity on the environment is becoming increasingly evident in the modern world. Growing industrialization, the use of natural resources, and environmental pollution lead to serious environmental problems at the global level. In this context, preserving natural resources in rural areas is particularly important. Villages and rural areas, an essential component of society, also play a crucial role in ensuring environmental and economic sustainability. Balanced environmental and economic sustainability in rural areas is a task that requires a comprehensive approach and interaction between different actors, including local authorities, communities, businesses, and civil society organizations. Environmental sustainability involves preserving the diversity of nature, maintaining ecosystems, and using resources rationally without harming the environment. Economic sustainability is the development of agriculture and enterprises that provide vital goods and services while preserving the region's ecological integrity. The study aims to analyze the ecological and economic sustainability of rural areas and provide recommendations on preserving natural resources and ensuring their sustainable development. This article analyzes various aspects of the environmental and economic sustainability of rural areas in Ukraine. The importance of preserving natural resources, the possibility of using new technologies for sustainable agriculture, and the role of communities and the state in achieving these goals are considered. The trends and critical issues are assessed across dimensions like natural resource management, pollution in rural areas, etc., drawing upon data from national statistics, government reports, academic studies, and field surveys. It is determined that it is necessary to implement measures aimed at conserving natural resources to ensure the sustainable development of rural areas. This is achieved by introducing resource-saving and environmentally friendly technologies, developing alternative energy sources, promoting environmental culture, and improving the socio-economic situation in rural areas. This is achieved by creating new jobs, developing infrastructure, and providing social services. An essential condition for ensuring the sustainable development of rural areas is an integrated approach that considers all these factors. Rural areas play an essential role in ensuring food security and sustainable development of the country. However, in the process of economic activity in rural areas, significant environmental and economic problems arise that threaten the sustainability of these areas. Particular attention should be focused on integrated approaches that enhance synergies between the economic, environmental, and social spheres rather than individual initiatives. The importance of involving rural residents is emphasized to implement sustainability principles in rural lifestyles and institutions. Keywords: sustainable development, rural areas of Ukraine, theoretical aspects, practical aspects, environmental sustainability, economic sustainability, natural resource conservation, agriculture, communities.

Introduction. The current development of Ukraine's agricultural sector requires a comprehensive approach to improving agricultural efficiency and sustainable development of rural areas. Regional agricultural development programs play a special role in this, serving as a tool for implementing state and regional strategies aimed at optimizing the use of resource potential, increasing productivity, ensuring food security, and promoting economic growth in the territories. The issues of multi-vectorism and integration of such programs require systematic analysis and evaluation of their effectiveness. Methods. The research process involved the use of general scientific and special methods of cognition, in particular analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, systematic and structural-logical approaches, as well as methods of comparison and generalization. The information base consisted of scientific works by researchers and regulatory documents, which made it possible to assess the role of regional programs in improving the efficiency of the agricultural sector and the comprehensive development of rural areas. Results. The article describes the essence and structure of regional agricultural development programs, analyzes the criteria for their selection and the basic principles of implementation. The advantages of a program-targeted approach in ensuring transparency of financing, control over the achievement of goals, and integration of strategic tasks at the state, regional, and local levels are revealed. It is shown that effective regional programming contributes to increasing agricultural productivity, optimal use of natural resources, and comprehensive development of territories. Discussion. The results obtained expand scientific approaches to the study of regional mechanisms for the development of the agricultural sector and can be used to improve the program base, develop regional development strategies, and increase the effectiveness of management decisions in the field of agriculture. Further research should be aimed at assessing the effectiveness of the implementation of regional agricultural development programs based on quantitative economic and statistical indicators and comparative analysis of the results of program implementation in different regions of Ukraine. Keywords: regional development programs, agricultural sector, agriculture, program-targeted management, resource efficiency, sustainable development, territorial strategies, food security.

The paper focuses on the main problems of sustainable development of rural areas and the effectiveness of state support in the Republic of Kazakhstan. The theoretical bases of the concepts of “sustainable development” and “sustainable development of rural territories” were studied. As a result, the authors defined these concepts and analyzed the effectiveness of measures of state support and development in rural areas of Kazakhstan. The authors also analyzed and proposed the usage of international experience in the development of rural settlements. This research allows asserting that current state regional policies suffer from a lack of attention to the sustainable development of rural territories. Thus, the heterogeneity of local territories is preserved and strengthened, becoming a factor of their social instability, creating a threat to the country’s food security. The need to develop theoretical approaches and practical proposals for the sustainable development of the main types of rural areas, including a methodology for the development of rural settlements and effective tools to support the revival of rural territories, is described.

The terms "sustainability" and "sustainable development" are now widely used in various fields of human activity. Such collocations as "sustainable universities", "sustainable companies", etc. are not rarely to be found. The use of this terminology has become particularly popular in the context of tangible climate change. For this reason, the concept of sustainable development has been used in rural development studies for quite a long time. In different countries of the world, using this concept for analyzing rural development has both positive and negative sides. In the Russian Federation, there are regulations ("rules of the game") and institutions ("players") that shape the institutional environment for sustainable rural development. In fact, sustainability and prosperity of rural areas in Russia, and in Siberian Federal District in particular, will depend on how the institutional environment is structured. This article attempts to describe the existing institutional environment for the sustainable development of rural areas. Analyzing existing legal acts and the key actors in the field, we have designed the institutional framework, which allows to determine the vector of development of rural areas. This vector can be used in forecasting the achievement of threshold values established by regulatory legal acts of both Federal and regional significance.

The article examines the issues of regulatory and legal support for the sustainable development of rural areas of the Russian Federation as a strategically important element of the national economy. The key legislative and programmatic acts regulating the development of rural areas, including the Federal Law “On the Development of Agriculture” and the “Strategy for the Sustainable Development of Rural Areas until 2030” are considered. The analysis of international documents is carried out and their influence on the formation of national legislation is studied. The need to improve legal regulation to ensure food security, support the agro-industrial complex and improve the well-being of the rural population was noted.

The purpose of the article. Today, rural areas are a very complex subject for research and management. The urgency of the topic is due to the fact that agriculture occupies a special place in ensuring the development of rural areas, along with such types of economic activity in the countryside as industry, commerce, tourism and many others. This industry produces products to meet the needs of society and plays an important role in ensuring the infrastructural development of rural areas. The purpose of the article is to investigate the problems of agricultural development in the Transcarpathian region as one of the key components of rural development. The state of socio-economic development of rural areas of the Transcarpathian region is an indicator of the level of well-being of the region and requires an integrated sectoral-territorial approach.Research methodology. Transcarpathian statistics for the years 2010-2019 were used for the study. The number of economic entities in this field, the state of agricultural land, the dynamics of agricultural production, the production of the main types of agricultural products were analyzed: crop production, livestock production and dynamics of agricultural product indices 2011-2018. Results. The main problems that arise in agriculture include: dependence on natural and climatic conditions, the need to improve state regulation in this area, lack of support and incentives for small businesses in the agricultural sector, outdated logistics, inefficient marketing policies and others. Consideration should also be given to the environmental safety of the products produced, to reducing the negative impact on the environment, to improving soil fertility and to ensuring the sustainable development of agriculture and rural areas. Increased agricultural production and the efficient functioning of agriculture are driving the development of rural areas in the region. Practical meaning. The practical significance is that certain results can be used in practical activities to make management policy decisions in the field of rural area development. Novelty. Agriculture needs effective state support, which must be built on the scientific base and experience of developed countries. The aforementioned research needs areas of social infrastructure that directly influence the formation of socio-economic potential of the Ukrainian village.

<p>This study focuses on developing tourist villages as sustainable tourist destinations. The aim of this research is to determine the role of the government in tourism development which is carried out in a comprehensive and integrated manner by wisely utilizing natural resources, culture and geographical conditions. sustainable development, especially in rural areas, is expected to contribute to increasing welfare, equality and environmental awareness for the community. The research method was carried out using a qualitative approach, using observation, documentation and interview techniques to collect various complete data and information by determining research data sources, collecting and analyzing qualitative data, making conclusions and recommendations. The research results show that the government's role is quite large, although it has not succeeded in achieving targets in implementing various tourism developments in rural areas related to three role indicators, namely: 1) regulator, 2) dynamist, and 3) facilitator.</p>

The participation of people in any task of the activity shows the perfect and fulfills the requirements of society in general and individual in specific. The sustainable development in rural area requires the natural resources conservation with the effective people’s participation for the sustainable utilization without damage. At this juncture, rural tanks play a very crucial role in the process of sustainable development in its command area. Many numbers of tank institution are functioning for each tank system to resolve the issues related to maintenance of rural tanks and water sharing disputes between the head reach and tail-end users. Less people’s participation and lack of attention of water users of the rural tanks shown that the rural tank systems have been reduced and retrenched, which resulted in decreasing the total crop land under cultivation and reduction in the benefits available. Some of the rural tanks have been destroyed and urbanised due to intensity of population and enhancement of modern marketing. All these endangered issues are due to lack of people’s participation and prolonged misuse and severe encroachment. They are caused to push and create the problem of water scarcity and resources logging.
 Based on the background stated above, an attempt has been made to analyse the conservation of rural tanks for sustainable rural development through effective people’s participation.

Public radio broadcasting is a vital medium for fostering sustainable development in rural areas. By providing access to timely information, promoting education, facilitating civic engagement, and supporting social and economic transformation, public radio plays a central role in closing the information gap between rural populations and decision-makers. This study used a survey design (n = 399) to examine the contributions of public radio to sustainable rural development in selected communities in Bauchi State, Nigeria. Findings indicate high ownership of radio sets (82%), strong listenership for development programs (70%), and widespread perception that radio positively influences agriculture, health, and education (80%). Identified constraints include political interference, inadequate funding, limited program diversity, weak infrastructure, and intermittent signal problems. The study recommends strengthened institutional support, participatory programming, editorial independence, and targeted investments to amplify radio’s developmental impact and better align broadcasting practice with Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).

This paper elaborates the relationship between social capital components and sustainable rural development. Through empirical research it’s examined the relationship between the components of social capital, social trust, social cohesion, social participation, social security and sustainable development in rural areas in RNM. The questions are designed through the application of the Likert scale, by examining a target group of respondents who exist in rural areas. Through statistical processing it’s displayed the relationship between the notated components. The study illustrates the relationship of "non-economic" factors in achieving sustainable rural development. The inclusion of social capital elements in rural development reflects local wisdom and community strength. The aim of the paper is to stimulate debate about the missing "social" in contemporary economic policies.