«СТРАТЕГИЧЕСКИЕ МИНЕРАЛЬНЫЕ РЕСУРСЫ» – ВЕДУЩИЙ ФАКТОР МИНЕРАЛЬНО-СЫРЬЕВОЙ ПОЛИТИКИ

An evaluation of the supply risk for China's strategic metallic mineral resources

The article offers a functional typification of Podilsk economic and geographical area mineral resources (MR), based on taking into account their influence on the participa- tion of certain industries in the territorial division of labor, complex-forming properties and the realized activity (degree of deposit development) of certain types of minerals and differs from the general Ukrainian (Syvyi, 2011) with several features. Thus, three groups of mineral resources are determined in particular, ac- cording to the first feature: international, national and local; according to the second all types of mineral raw materials are grouped into three classes a, b, and c; three types of mineral deposits a, b and c are identified depending on the degree of development. Besides, the criteria are proposed for classification of some raw materials as strategic. In the presented variant of typification of mineral resources of the region, an attempt was also made to approximate geographical and geological positions in classifications, which will help to define clearly the role and place of mineral resources in the territorial and sectoral structures of the economy, to determine national priorities in the development of mineral and economic resources of the country-raw materials experience in geological practice. The first group (raw material of international importance) in Podillia includes valuable mineral waters such as Naftusia, radon, and sulfide waters, kaolins, graphite, facing stones from magmatic rocks, i.e. raw materials with significant (modern or potential) export potential. The second group (raw material of national importance) is the largest, with the vast majority of mineral resources explored in the region: most types of mineral waters, cement raw materials, construction stones, agrochemical raw materials, some types of technological raw materials and so on. Many of them are characterized by high realized activity, a large number is developed in insufficient quantities or generally not developed because of various reasons (lack of demand, environmental problems, depletion or insufficient exploration of stocks, etc.). The local raw materials include a small number of mineral types - ameliorant, construction sands, and others. Mineral resources with high complex-forming properties are almost absent in the region (except for Naftusia mineral waters, where large recreational complexes are formed). Class B (medium complex-forming properties) includes mineral resources, small mining sites, and centers that are formed based on them (cement raw materials, agrochemical raw materials, kaolins, mineral waters with specific components, etc.). However, the largest amount of mineral resources of the region is not marked by explicit complex-forming properties and is classified as class C. The article draws generalized conclusions about the functional structure of mineral resources of the region, which are revealed by their typification, the priority directions of investments in geological prospecting are offered, which should help to increase and optimize the mineral base of the region.

Aluminum resource entitlements realignment: Empowering non-resource nations through listed mining company shareholding

Resource Depletion Risk for Medical Equipment: Embracing the Circular Economy.

The article reveals the current interregional differentiation and dynamics of the extractive industry in Russia for 2005–2022. The information base for the study comprised state reports “On the State and Use of Mineral Resources of the Russian Federation.” The study used statistical, comparative geographical methods, and cartographic modeling. It is shown that at the beginning of the 21st century Russia was losing its position in the global mineral resource complex. Unlike other raw materials powers, Russia underutilizes its mineral resource potential for almost all types of minerals. A high level of regional specialization in the extraction of certain types of resources was revealed. More than 2/3 of the national production of each of the 19 types of mineral raw materials is concentrated in just one region, which makes regional economies vulnerable to global market conditions. Krasnoyarsk and Zabaykalsky krais and Murmansk oblast are distinguished by the greatest diversity of developed mineral resources. The Russian mineral resource space has undergone dynamic reformatting during the period under study. Oil and gas production has become more dispersed. Average production at the largest oil fields has fallen by almost a third, and at gas fields by 40%. The oil and gas production industry is shifting to Eastern Siberia and the Russian Far East, as well as to offshore areas. The use of the indicator proposed by the author—the “oil degree” of production—made it possible to quantitatively assess the degree of “cooling” of oil production conditions in 2022 compared to 2005. The production of nonferrous metals during the study period was redistributed in waves between the regions of eastern Russia. In general, the extractive industry in the 21st century has maintained the trend of moving north and east, characteristic of the entire Soviet period, with the “east” becoming increasingly easterly, and the “north” becoming increasingly northerly. Thus, the geography of resource extraction increasingly corresponds to the distribution of their reserves. The identified disproportions between mineral resource reserves and their production in regions can serve as indicators of potential shifts in the geography of the extractive industry. The regions of Eastern Siberia and Yakutia stand out in the size and diversity of underutilized resources.

Due to the rise in emerging strategic industries and the widespread application of new and improved technology, the global demand for strategic mineral resources has rapidly increased. Among these, fluorite is one of the most crucial strategic mineral resources in the world. However, so far, there are few comprehensive reviews of the progress in technology supporting the utilization of fluorite resources. In this work, the Bibliometrix package (version 4.5.0), VOSviewer (version 1.6.20), CiteSpace (version 6.4.R1), and the Web of Science Core Collection database were employed, and 2472 publications related to fluorite resource utilization technology (published from 1999 to 2024) were studied via a detailed analysis of the following four aspects: 1. the characteristics of the publications; 2. journal distribution, co-cited journals, and co-cited references; 3. active countries, institutions, and authors; and 4. popular research topics, including theme evolution, keyword co-occurance, and keyword burst analysis. In this work, an outline of the research and progress in fluorite resource utilization technology over the past 25 years is presented, which supports systematic evaluations of the trends in science and technology in related fields and contributes to the development of technology enabling the utilization of fluorite resources.

As a major global power, Chinas overseas interests are rapidly expanding. Ensuring the security of industrial supply chains has become a critical issue. This paper adopts the perspective of international trade, utilizing the random frontier gravity model, and focuses on the top five mineral products and raw materials exported from China to India according to the 2019 export composition table of the Ministry of Commerce of the Peoples Republic of China. Based on export data of these minerals from China to India between 2008 and 2023, this paper analyzes the trends in mineral import and export, studies the correlation between bilateral trade between China and India and changes in Sino-Indian relations, and points out the potential impact of current Sino-Indian relations on Chinas upstream industrial chain. The study finds that for mineral fuels, mineral oils and their products, asphalt, zinc and its products, and steel products, Sino-Indian relations have a relatively minor impact on Chinas imports of such minerals and raw materials from India. However, for steel resources, Sino-Indian relations show a significant positive correlation with their import situation. Based on the current state of Sino-Indian relations, the study will propose relevant recommendations for the production and export of Indian steel and other mineral resources, combined with the needs of Chinas upstream industrial supply chain. This study aims to provide relevant insights and references for safeguarding Chinas strategic mineral resource security.

Comparative chemical and non-contact bioleaching of ion-adsorption type rare earth ore using ammonium sulfate and metabolites of Aspergillus niger and Yarrowia lipolytica to rationalise the role of organic acids for sustainable processing

Current supply status, demand trends and security measures of chromium resources in China

The liaoning province is big province of mineral resources, although some energy and nonmetallic minerals resource reserves have among the top, but the rare earth provide strategic significance of mineral resources is the shortage, and molybdenum resources reserves to reduce year by year. This article through the objective analysis of molybdenum in liaoning province, the rare earth mineral resources exploration, status quo and the existing main problems of rare earth mineral resources, the province of molybdenum and long-term forecast the recent demand, in the province of mineral resources planning, provides the basis.

Significant academic research and moderate commercial process innovation on rare-earth element (REE) processing have been underway for decades. The last several years have seen exponential growth in research due to growth in demand of REE that is threatened by supply risks and environmental obstacles. The REE industry appears to be at the intersection of strong, but conflicting forces, including public and political support for a Green Revolution and sustainability, as well as the need for a clean, reliable, and socially responsible supply chain. REE recoveries from ore are limited by current technology and plant practice to 50–80 percent. Increasing demand can be partially satisfied by recycling, but reliable and continuous increases in supply will also require new mineral resources, improved process efficiency, and lower production costs. This article reviews and summarizes the past and current REE processing technologies, commonly employed REE separation routes and methods, and suggests ways to increase efficiency in future REE processing.Graphical abstractExample of a bastnäsite from the Mountain Pass Mine, CA, and (b) monazite concentrate from the Manchester Mine, NJ.

Study on the major minerals potential in China

Biotech key to unlock mineral resources value

Rare earth is an important strategic mineral resource for national economy and national security. As the largest producer and exporter of rare earth, China’s rare earth industry has problems associated with excessive production, mismatched pricing power and environmental pollution. Therefore, an in-depth study of the rare earth industry security is necessary. Based on proposed definition for mineral resource security, this paper established a rare earth resource security evaluation model based on the “driver-pressure-state-impact-response” conceptual model using an extended TODIM (an acronym in Portuguese for interactive and multi-criteria decision-making) method combined with the E-DEMATEL (entropy and decision-making trial and evaluation laboratory) method. The model was then applied to Chinese rare earth data from 2006–2015 to assess the security, from which it was found that while the security level was not high, the overall trend was improving. Moreover, some critical response factors affecting REEs (rare earth elements) security are identified, including tariffs, research investment, etc. This paper not only introduces a new evaluation of REEs security but also explores the crucial indicators and the response mechanism.

Mineral commodities rank high in the economies of Arctic countries, and the status of mineral resources and the dynamics of their development are of great importance. The growing tendency to develop strategic metal resources in the Circumarctic Zone is outlined in a global perspective. The Russian Arctic Zone is the leading purveyor of these metals to domestic and foreign markets. The comparative analysis of tendencies in development of strategic metal resources of the Arctic Zone in Russia and other countries is crucial for the elaboration of trends of geological exploration and research engineering. This paper provides insight into the development of Arctic strategic metal resources in global perspective. It is shown that the mineral resource potential of the Arctic circumpolar metallogenic belt is primarily controlled by large and unique deposits of nonferrous, noble, and rare metals. The prospective types of economic strategic metal deposits in the Russian Arctic Zone are shown.