ПРОФЕССИОНАЛЬНОЕ ВЫГОРАНИЕ МЕДИЦИНСКИХ РАБОТНИКОВ: В ФОКУСЕ ПАНДЕМИЯ COVID‑19

The relevant literature suggests that all branches of the nursing profession are subject to high levels of stress and burnout. Forensic psychiatric nursing has been considered as an area of high risk, despite a paucity of literature in this area, particularly in Australia. This paper presents the findings of a research study undertaken with forensic nurses (n = 51) and designed to measure their level of stress and burnout. The Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) and the Nursing Stress Scale (NSS) were the instruments used. The findings indicated that relatively few forensic nurses suffered from ‘high’ levels of burnout with considerably more forensic nurses recording ‘low’ levels of burnout. On the personal accomplishment subscale, only 17 per cent recorded a ‘high’ score. Interestingly the least reported stressor was lack of staff support for nursing activities which suggests that the amount of support received may account for lower than expected levels of stress. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Background: Recently there have been several studies on the relation between coping strategies and the Burnout outcomes, in medical students. However, there is a lack of Portuguese studies in this area. The objectives of our study were to describe the levels of burnout in a sample of Portuguese medical students, and understand their relation with different study methods and coping strategies Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried-out among a convenience sample of 658 medical students. The data collection was done using a socio-demographic questionnaire, the Maslach Burnout Inventory - Students Survey, and the Ways of Coping Questionnaire.
\nResults: Regarding burnout, gender differences were found in the dimensions of ‘emotional exhaustion’ (t=-3.07, p<0.00) and ‘professional efficacy’ (t=2.08, p<0.04). The burnout syndrome was prevalent in students that have ‘difficulty in achieving goals’, or with a ‘significant problem’. High levels of burnout were associated to escapeavoidance coping, and were more common in the female sample. Low levels of burnout were related to ‘plan resolution strategies’, ‘positive reappraisal’ and ‘seeking for social support’.
\nConclusions: Higher levels of burnout were reported by students with inadequate coping strategies. These results highlight the importance of developing programs to promote psychological well-being through the use of adequate coping strategies and resilient responses to academic and psychological stressors.

To examine the relationships among nurse and work characteristics, job satisfaction, stress, burnout and the work environment of haemodialysis nurses. Haemodialysis nursing is characterised by frequent and intense contact with patients in a complex and intense environment. A cross-sectional online survey of 417 haemodialysis nurses that included nurse and work characteristics, the Brisbane Practice Environment Measure, Index of Work Satisfaction, Nursing Stress Scale and the Maslach Burnout Inventory. Haemodialysis nurses reported an acceptable level of job satisfaction and perceived their work environment positively, although high levels of burnout were found. Nurses who were older and had worked in haemodialysis the longest had higher satisfaction levels, experienced less stress and lower levels of burnout than younger nurses. The in-centre type of haemodialysis unit had greater levels of stress and burnout than home training units. Greater satisfaction with the work environment was strongly correlated with job satisfaction, lower job stress and emotional exhaustion. Haemodialysis nurses experienced high levels of burnout even though their work environment was favourable and they had acceptable levels of job satisfaction. Targeted strategies are required to retain and avoid burnout in younger and less experienced nurses in this highly specialised field of nursing.

Introduction. The article discusses the problem of testing a mobile version of the mindfulness-based program “OsNOVA” for reducing professional burnout among teaching staff. Materials and methods. 60 educators with various backgrounds and specializations participated in this study. The following instruments were used: the MBI, the Ways of Coping Questionnaire, the BDI, the PSS-10 Perceived Stress Scale, the SF-12 questionnaire, the FFMQ, and the MAAS Mindfulness Questionnaires. The Student’s t-test was employed in the processing. Results. It has been confirmed that the average score of students in the discipline taught by a teacher with high level of burnout is significantly lower than the average score of students in the subject taught by a teacher with low level of burnout. It has been established that when implementing a program to reduce the level of professional burnout among teaching staff, presented in a mobile format, there is a significant reduction in burnout in those subjects whose burnout was initially high. This is accompanied by an increase in awareness (primarily such components as Non-Evaluation, Observation and Awareness of Actions), productive coping strategies. Teaching staff with a relatively low level of burnout experienced an improvement in a number of indicators reflecting the level of the latter, as well as an increase in the quality of life. The effect achieved from the program persisted for at least one month after the end of active use of the OsNOVA mobile application. Conclusion. The mobile application with the online version of the OsNOVA program can be used to prevent professional burnout among teaching staff. Additional work is planned to improve it.

The diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in a child affects family processes, increases parenting stress and marital conflicts, and may lead to parental psychopathology. It may also affect the prognosis for their children. The aim of this study is to determine depression and burnout levels as well as their predictors among parents of children with ASD compared with those of healthy children. We also sought to evaluate rate of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) interventions among parents and explore the associations of this phenomenon in an exploratory fashion. 145 children with ASD and 127 control children were enrolled along with their mothers and fathers. Beck Depression Inventory and Maslach Burnout Inventory were used to evaluate parents' depression symptoms and burnout levels. Symptoms of children with ASDs were evaluated according to the Childhood Autism Rating Scale by the clinicians. Family, child and CAM variables were screened by means of a sociodemographic data form. Descriptive, bivariate and correlation analyses were used in statistical evaluations. Predictors of burnout were evaluated with multiple regression analysis. Burnout and depression levels among parents of children with ASD were significantly elevated compared to controls. Burnout levels of mothers were significantly elevated compared to fathers while depression scores of fathers were significantly elevated compared to mothers. Maternal burnout was significantly predicted by presence of functional speech in child while paternal burnout was significantly predicted by paternal vocation. Maternal depression was associated with paternal depression, lack of speech in child and attendance of child to special education services. Paternal depression was associated with autistic symptom severity and maternal depression. More than half the parents sought CAM interventions. Education level did not affect search for CAM interventions while both maternal and paternal psychopathology and presence of epilepsy among children increased use of CAM methods. Psychological support should be provided to both mothers and fathers of a child receiving a diagnosis of ASD. Addressing parents' burnout and stress levels and facilitating their negotiation of knowledge on etiology and treatments for ASD may be beneficial for the family unit as a whole.

Professional burnout, a long-term consequence of occupational stress, is considered to be a factor that explains a substantial proportion of incapacity for work. Burnout is defined as emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and diminished personal accomplishment. To investigate levels of burnout among Dutch practising dentists, to compare dentists' scores with norm scores, and to determine the percentage of dentists "at risk". The instrument used was the Dutch version of the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI-NL), a 20-item modified version of the original MBI. A highly representative group of Dutch dentists participated (n = 709, 75% response rate). Mean levels (and standard deviations) of burnout were: emotional exhaustion 13.7 (8.6); depersonalization 5.9 (3.9); personal accomplishment 30.8 (5.9). Dentists had more favourable means compared with standard scores, although in the 95th percentile dentists showed more emotional exhaustion than standards indicate. While no overall sex differences were found, male middle-aged dentists tended to show more burnout. Of the working Dutch dentists, 21% had a certain risk, 13% had high overall levels of burnout, and 2.5% were highly burned out. It is concluded that Dutch dentists have relatively favourable mean levels of burnout, but those who are exhausted are extremely exhausted. The male dentist in his forties appears to be most vulnerable to burnout.

ABSTRACTAimTo assess the level of burnout among Australian hospital pharmacists.MethodIn May 2005 questionnaires were mailed to a sample of 528 Australian hospital pharmacists. The questionnaire gathered demographic data, and used the validated Maslach Burnout Inventory (3 subscales: emotional exhaustion, depersonalisation, personal accomplishment) to assess burnout.Results266 hospital pharmacists responded to the survey. There were high levels of burnout based on emotional exhaustion (39%) and personal accomplishment (49%), while the majority of pharmacists felt low levels of burnout based on depersonalisation (60%). There were no significant associations between burnout and demographic data (e.g. age, sex, practice type). Recent graduates demonstrated a low level of personal accomplishment (p = 0.011), indicating greater burnout within this subscale. Pharmacists involved with the introduction of the Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme to hospitals had a significantly high level of personal accomplishment (p = 0.011) indicating a low level of burnout within this subscale. Around 1 in 20 pharmacists displayed a high level of burnout in all 3 subscales of the Maslach Burnout Inventory.ConclusionSevere burnout in hospital pharmacists was evident in this study. Young hospital pharmacists appear to be vulnerable to burnout. Strategies that decrease burnout must be instituted and there should be specific consideration to support young pharmacists within the workforce.

Palliative care health professionals have reported high levels of burnout. An understanding of factors associated with this syndrome in this population could foster new prevention and intervention strategies. The objectives were to evaluate the levels of burnout in each of its dimensions in a sample of palliative care health professionals and to analyze the relationship between levels of burnout and sociodemographic, occupational and lifestyle characteristics in this sample. The total sample was composed of 92 palliative care health professionals. Sociodemographic, occupational and lifestyle characteristics were registered. The levels of burnout syndrome were evaluated by the Maslach Burnout Inventory - Human Services Survey (MBI-HSS). The total sample was divided into three groups, depending on the level of burnout (non-burnout group, burnout group meeting one criterion, and burnout group meeting two or three criteria). Comparisons were performed amongst groups for all characteristics evaluated. The non-burnout professionals were significantly older and slept more than the professionals with more than one altered dimension; in addition, they had greater job seniority in the unit than those with a single altered dimension and did physical exercise more frequently than either of the burnout groups. The younger professionals, with more job seniority in the units of palliative care, and less hours of sleep and physical activity showed higher levels of burnout. Therefore, these factors should be considered for enhancing prevention and intervention strategies for these health professionals.

e19601 Background: Several European studies suggest that healthcare professionals working in oncology display higher levels of professional burnout than their colleagues from non-oncology units. We aimed to identify the level of burnout of professionals working in cancer care at a single institution in Dublin, Ireland. Methods: 143 oncology staff members were emailed a 3 section questionaire. We employed the Maslach Burnout Inventory, a validated, burnout-specific instrument, incorporating a three-dimensional assessment of the syndrome through its subscales: emotional exhaustion (EE), depersonalization (DP) and personal achievment (PA). Sociodemographic, protective and predisposing variables were identified in tandem, while the final section afforded respondents an opportunity to speculate on workplace stressors and their potential remediation. The primary endpoint was overall high burnout. Secondary endpoints were mean scores for each individual category. Wilcoxon rank sum and Kruskal-Wallis tests were performed on SPSS version 18. Results: The overall response rate was 41.3% (59/143) (see table). Three respondents (5.1%) reported high levels of burnout in all 3 categories. In subcategory analysis, men had significantly higher mean DP scores [9, SD: 6.03] than women [5.3,SD: 4.46](p < .05) and residents had significantly higher DP scores [8.11,SD: 4.46] than attendings [4.14,SD: 3.2]( p < .05). Regression analysis, found that being male was a significant predictor for high levels of depersonalization but found no predictor for EE or PA. Conclusions: We identified low levels of burnout among Irish cancer care professional. Protective factors such as age <35yrs (66%), religion (68%), hobbies (86%),working <50 hours (66%) and being in a relationship (74%) were at high levels, which may have biased our results. A national expansion and comparison with international figures is planned and will be presented at ASCO. [Table: see text]

Background: Occupational burnout is a psychological syndrome that occurs in response to chronic stress in the workplace. Nowadays, it is known as one of the most important consequences of occupational stress. Defense mechanisms may also affect occupational burnout. Objectives: Since burnout is an important factor influencing the productivity of nurses, this study was conducted to investigate the relationship between the defense mechanisms and occupational burnout among nurses in the educational hospitals of an urban area in Iran. Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on 318 nurses who had at least one-year of work experience in four educational hospitals in Sari city, Iran, in 2018. Sampling was performed using the proportional stratified sampling method. The data were collected by the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) scale, psychological Defense Styles questionnaire (DSQ-40), and a demographic questionnaire. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics via the SPSS software V.20. Results: A total of 318 nurses were studied, 13 (4.1%) of the nurses had a burnout. The mean score of the dimension of emotional exhaustion (EE) was 17.49, in the dimension of depersonalization (DP) it was 5.42, and in the dimension of personal achievement (PA) it was 31.58. They indicated a low level of occupational burnout, and the mean scores of FE, DP, and PA subscales indicated a low level of occupational burnout. The use of more mature defense mechanisms had a significant negative correlation with the increase of the EE score (rho = -0.210, P < 0.001), but no significant relationship was reported with other aspects of burnout. Increased use of immature defense mechanisms had a direct correlation with the increase in the score of DP (rho = 0.255 and P < 0.001), but had a significant inverse relationship with the PA score (rho = -0.238 and P < 0.001) and no significant relationship with EE (P = 0.627). No significant relationship was found between the use of neurotic defense mechanisms and burnout dimensions (PEE = 0.119, PDP = 0.174, and PPA = 0.127). Conclusions: Since there is a significant relationship between defense mechanisms and occupational burnout, using the components of defense mechanisms in job interviews can lead to choosing appropriate nurses to perform different tasks in different settings, in accordance with individual and psychological characteristics. Also, teaching problem-solving skills, stress management, and useful information can improve defense mechanisms, nurses’ job performance, and patient satisfaction.

Background/Aim: Burnout is a syndrome of physical exhaustion, prolonged fatigue, and helplessness reflected by negative attitudes on work, life, and other people around. The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between burnout and working conditions in the banking sector, which has intense emotional demands. \nMethods: The research group consisted of 1183 individuals working in 138 different branches. A data form questioning the working conditions and sociodemographic characteristics of the participants that may be related to the burnout level was filled with face-to-face interviews. Burnout level was determined using the Maslach Burnout Inventory. This was planned as a cross-sectional research. \nResults: Higher levels of burnout was determined in those who thought that their family income was insufficient, who had to work more than 8.5 hours per day, who were exposed to physical or mental violence, those with chronic diseases and finally, workers who thought they dealt with too many customers in a day. \nConclusion: It appears that the burnout levels of the employees can be reduced by arrangements at corporate and individual levels in addition to the regulations that can be realized within the legislation.

The purpose is the assessment of the features of a decrease in the quality of life among medical professionals working in a specialized COVID-19 hospital, a multidisciplinary hospital, and a clinic during the pandemic of the novel coronavirus infection COVID-19, as well as early diagnosis, prediction, and prevention of a decrease in the quality of life in this category of workers. Material and research methods. The study was carried out on the basis of the Department of Occupational Diseases and Clinical Pharmacology named after honored scientist of the Russian Federation professor V.V. Kosarev, FSBEI HE Samara State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, and the Department of Occupational Pathology, Regional Center for Occupational Pathology of the Samara City Hospital No. 5. The study was carried out within the framework of a complex theme “Systematic approach to early diagnosis, prevention, and prediction of the impact of low-intensity production factors on workers’ health” of the Department of Occupational Diseases and Clinical Pharmacology named after honored scientist of the Russian Federation professor V.V. Kosarev, FSBEI HE Samara State Medical University (state registration number AAAA-A18-118122190069-6, registration date – December 21, 2018). The study was approved by the local ethics committee of the FSBEI HE Samara State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation on November 23, 2021. Patient consent. Each study participant gave informed voluntary written consent to participate in the study and publish personal medical information in an anonymized form. The study included: A. Medical workers of infectious diseases hospitals providing medical care to patients with the novel coronavirus infection COVID-19 (in the “red zone”) (n = 201). This group also included physicians of GP specialties working in a COVID-19 hospital (n=111), surgical specialists working in a COVID hospital (in the “red zone”) (n=61), and nurses working in a COVID hospital (in the “red zone”) (n=29). B. Medical workers of multidisciplinary hospitals providing medical care in their main profile, working as normal and periodically identifying patients with the novel coronavirus infection COVID-19 (n=195). This group also included general practitioners working in a multidisciplinary hospital (n=106), surgical specialists working in a multidisciplinary hospital (n=58), and nurses working in a multidisciplinary hospital (n=31). C. Medical workers of polyclinics providing medical care in conditions of an increased epidemic threshold for acute respiratory viral infections, influenza, and the novel coronavirus infection COVID-19 (n=186). This group also included general practitioners working in the clinic (n=102), surgical specialists working in the clinic (n=55), and nurses working in the clinic (n=29). D. A control group (n=190) consisted of workers of engineering, technical, and economic specialties not related to medical organizations (healthy). To assess the psychophysiological state and quality of life in medical workers during the pandemic of the novel coronavirus infection COVID-19, the SF-36 questionnaire [J.E. Ware, 1993] designed to study all components of quality of life was used. Processing of the obtained data was carried out using the Statistica package from StatSoft (USA). Results. The professional activities of medical workers providing medical care in the “red zone”, multidisciplinary hospitals, and clinics are associated with the exposure of physicians to a number of risk factors in the working environment and the labor process, related to the provision of regular or occasional care to infected COVID-19 patients, which, under conditions of exposure to an increased level of occupational stress, leads to a decrease in the quality of life in these categories of health workers. The decrease in the quality of life among medical workers in medical institutions of various profiles during the pandemic of the novel coronavirus infection COVID-19 is due to the fact that health workers faced many additional difficulties during this period: sleep deprivation, stress, strain, and chronic fatigue. Chronic fatigue can affect behavior, communication, learning, and decision- making, which overall leads to a decrease in the quality of life of medical workers. Conclusion. Thus, the obtained data indicate that when identifying risk factors for a decrease in the quality of life in medical workers working in situations of high epidemic risk, there is the need to use specialized rehabilitation measures with relaxation techniques, art therapy, as well as professional adaptation programs, physiotherapeutic techniques, such as electrosleep and reflexology, and, if possible, resort treatment in health care centers, local sanatoriums, etc. with visits to psychotherapy offices, as well as psychopharmacological medications.

BackgroundCritical shortages of health human resources (HHR), associated with high turnover rates, have been a concern in many countries around the globe. Of particular interest is the effect of such a trend on the primary healthcare (PHC) sector; considered a cornerstone in any effective healthcare system. This study is a rare attempt to investigate PHC HHR work characteristics, level of burnout and likelihood to quit as well as the factors significantly associated with staff retention at PHC centers in Lebanon.MethodsA cross-sectional design was utilized to survey all health providers at 81 PHC centers dispersed in all districts of Lebanon. The questionnaire consisted of four sections: socio-demographic/ professional background, organizational/institutional characteristics, likelihood to quit and level of professional burnout (using the Maslach-Burnout Inventory). A total of 755 providers completed the questionnaire (60.5% response rate). Bivariate analyses and multinomial logistic regression were used to determine factors associated with likelihood to quit.ResultsTwo out of five respondents indicated likelihood to quit their jobs within the next 1–3 years and an additional 13.4% were not sure about quitting. The top three reasons behind likelihood to quit were poor salary (54.4%), better job opportunities outside the country (35.1%) and lack of professional development (33.7%). A U-shaped relationship was observed between age and likelihood to quit. Regression analysis revealed that high levels of burnout, lower level of education and low tenure were all associated with increased likelihood to quit.ConclusionsThe study findings reflect an unstable workforce and are not conducive to supporting an expanded role for PHC in the Lebanese healthcare system. While strategies aiming at improving staff retention would be important to develop and implement for all PHC HHR; targeted retention initiatives should focus on the young-new recruits and allied health professionals. Particular attention should be dedicated to enhancing providers’ role satisfaction and sense of job security. Such initiatives are of pivotal importance to stabilize the workforce and ensure its longevity.

The Occupational Stress Inventory (Osipow & Spokane, 1987) and the Maslach Burnout Inventory (Maslach, 1982) were used to assess the levels of occupational stress and burnout amongst staff providing services to people with an intellectual disability both in an institutional and community settings. Data were analyzed to determine the effects of direct client contact, staff mental health, and working environment (institution vs. community). While levels of burnout and occupational stress were not high overall, staff working in an institutional setting scores more highly.

High levels of occupational stress and burnout are costly for correctional services and their employees. Correctional officers report high levels of burnout, absenteeism, turnover, and poor physical health. The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of burnout and the coping mechanisms used to buffer the effects of burnout within correctional centers. In the current study, 208 correctional officers from adult and young offender centers completed an online survey measuring burnout and coping strategies. Results from the Maslach Burnout Inventory-Human Services Survey (MBI-HSS) and the Brief Coping Orientation to Problems Experienced (COPE) Scale indicated that even though correctional center officers mostly used adaptive coping strategies, they still reported high levels of burnout. The results of this study suggest that there are variables other than coping strategies, such as gender and length of experience, that lead to the level of burnout as observed in correctional officers.