Модернізація комунікативної діяльності органів публічного управління

The article examines the issues of legal regulation of the use of information and communication technologies in the activities of public authorities. The relevance of the topic is due to the universal digitalization of public relations, including the activities of public authorities. The widespread informatization of various spheres of society, their economic activities, the development and introduction of modern data transmission devices, the expansion of computer networks led to a sharp increase in the volume of processed information, and modern society began to be called informational. The process of informatization of society is gradually taking place. Various information and communication technologies are also actively used in the field of public administration in Russia. The processes of informatization and information support are increasingly active in the digital economy of Russia. Technologies and their application are turning from a specialized professional field into a key issue in the sphere of public administration. In the general understanding, information and communication technologies are a process that includes a set of tools and methods for the implementation of operations for the collection, registration, accumulation, processing and transmission of information based on hardware and for the purpose of solving management tasks. The author formulates the conclusion that information and communication technologies are increasingly being used in the activities of public authorities. Informatization of the activities of public authorities in the Russian Federation is an indispensable and important stage in the formation of the information society, as well as the leading direction of reforming the entire system of public administration.

The features of preparing future primary school teachers to work with a computer as a means of managing information as well as one on global computer networks, and mastering digital competencies to design and apply informational technologies that underpin electronic educational resources are analyzed in the article.The basic directions of improvement of preparation of future primary school teachers for the usage of informational and communicational technologies in professional activity in the conditions of inclusive educational environment are considered and substantiated.The purpose of the article is analysis of the status and substantiation of the directions of preparation of future teachers, regarding the peculiarities and possibilities of using informational and communicational technologies in the inclusive primary school educational environment.At the same time, the peculiarities of the functioning of the informational-educational inclusive environment, which provides informational interaction between users (educators, specialists, parents, students, etc.) are characterized.The program of the educational discipline Informational technologies in inclusive education of children with complications of processes of development and socialization is offered.It is proved, that the offered methodical principles and directions of improvement of the content of preparation of future teachers for the usage of informational technologies in professional activity in the conditions of inclusive educational environment provide for certain practically oriented organization of work. Implementation of a training program, within a specially organized course is focused on improving the knowledge and skills in the usage of these technologies in professional activities in an inclusive environment. Therefore, a teacher in the information society as a skilled specialist of intellectual work, with a high level of education, becomes the main resource for improving its quality, which will contribute to the formation of demotivation indicators among participants in the educational process of labor migration

The article explores the processes of global use of information technologies and systems, which allows creating economic benefits and promoting social and political integration, causing general prosperity and sustainable development of society. A review of the networked readiness system is provided, which provides executives with directive information on the key pillars to take into account the full use of information and communication technologies in their economic growth strategies. The essence of the modern model of the Network Readiness Index (NRI), which consists of four main pillars (technology, people, governance and impact), is revealed, each of which is formed from three sub-pillars, defining in a complex the real state of the use of information and communication technologies in a particular country. The rating of Ukraine according to the Networked Readiness Index and its main four pillars is presented. The degree of implementation of information technologies at Ukrainian enterprises by types of economic activity and their use of information and communication technologies, depending on the average number of employees, taking into account access to the Internet, the presence of a website and the purchase of cloud computing services are given. The essence and measurements of the basic principles (scientific validity, competence, timeliness, completeness of content, flexibility and homeostaticity) regarding the adoption of management decisions in the network economy are considered, which allows obtaining a synergistic effect. It is proposed to focus further research on the generation and design of a communication and information technology system, increasing investment in the information and communication technology sector and further popularizing the Internet and developing e-commerce.

Introduction. A comprehensive analysis of the development of information and communication technologies in the context of educational practice will contribute to the development of effective strategies for the modernisation of educational systems in the context of global technological change. Modern education can no longer function effectively without the integration of information and communication technologies into the educational process. Information and communication technologies open up new opportunities for personalisation of the educational process, development of independent work skills, creativity, critical thinking, and communication. At the same time, their implementation is accompanied by certain challenges: the need to modernise educational programmes, train teaching staff, provide technical infrastructure, and overcome digital inequality. The study of the historical stages of development of information and communication technologies in education allows us to understand the patterns of implementation of these technologies and identify effective strategies for their use today. Purpose. The purpose of the article is to study the stages of development of information and communication technologies in the context of their introduction into educational practice, to analyse the historical background of integration of information and communication technologies into education, and to identify current trends and prospects for their effective use in the educational process. Methods. The study used theoretical methods of scientific and pedagogical research analysis (dissection of historical and pedagogical material into its component parts (facts, ideas, concepts, events) allows to reveal the essence of certain phenomena, trends in the pedagogical past); synthesis (combining individual facts and provisions into a holistic view of pedagogical phenomena, used after analysis to form a generalised picture); historical and logical method (study of pedagogical phenomena in the chronological sequence and logic of their development, makes it possible to establish the patterns of development of pedagogical ideas); comparative and historical method (comparison of pedagogical phenomena, ideas, education systems in different historical periods or in different countries, allowing to identify common, different and unique); induction and deduction (induction – from individual facts to general conclusions, deduction – from general principles to explanation of individual historical and pedagogical facts); abstraction and generalisation (separation of essential features of pedagogical phenomena, construction of generalisations, concepts, typologies); prognostic method (use of historical and pedagogical experience to predict possible directions of education development). Results. The study has shown that information and communication technologies are the driving force behind the transformation of education, and their integration into the educational process requires not only technical support but also methodological training of teachers, updating of educational programmes, and rethinking of traditional educational models. The study identifies eight stages of the development of information and communication technologies; the periodisation of the development of information and communication technologies reflects the gradual transition from early forms of information storage and transmission to modern information and communication technologies. The further development of information and communication technologies in education will help to increase its accessibility, efficiency, and inclusiveness. Mass computerisation, the Internet, mobile technologies, cloud services, and artificial intelligence. The development of information and communication technologies is a multidimensional process that combines new opportunities with large-scale challenges. Successful digital transformation depends on the ability of society to effectively manage these challenges, ensuring inclusive, secure, ethical, and environmentally responsible development of information and communication technologies. Only by integrating innovation with the principles of sustainable development can a harmonious digital future be shaped. Originality. The article examines the evolution of information and communication technologies in the context of education, analyzes the key stages of their development, as well as current trends in the integration of information and communication technologies into educational practice. Particular attention is paid to the impact of digitalisation on educational processes and the formation of innovative pedagogical approaches. The main challenges and prospects for further implementation of information and communication technologies in education are outlined. In particular, attention is paid to the problems of digital inequality, cybersecurity, ethical aspects of the use of information and communication technologies, and the role of innovation in ensuring sustainable technological progress in the context of education. Conclusion. Information and communication technologies play a key role in the transformation of education, providing new opportunities for accessibility, flexibility, and personalisation of the educational process. The historical development of information and communication technologies shows their growing importance in pedagogical practice. Modern education is actively introducing distance learning formats, digital platforms, artificial intelligence, and other innovations. At the same time, there are challenges, such as digital inequality, the need for digital literacy of teachers, and cybersecurity issues. Effective integration of information and communication technologies into education requires a systematic approach, investment, and methodological support.

The article studies the current trends in the use of information and communication technologies by Ukrainian enterprises in their practical activities during 2017–2019 years based on the generalization of statistical data. The object of the research is the information and communication technologies of the Internet as a key factor to ensure business informatization and to increase the competitiveness and economic security of enterprises. The purpose of the article is to analyze and identify the nature of changes in the dynamics and directions of the use of computer technology, information and communication technologies by Ukrainian enterprises in recent years. The work uses the methods of analytical-monographic – in the study of literary sources on the topic of research; analysis and synthesis – to summarize statistical data on trends in the use of information and communication technologies by enterprises; system analysis, abstraction, logical generalizations – in determining the characteristic features of the process that is being investigated; abstract-logical – to form conclusions. The data relative to the process of implementation and use in enterprises of modern information and communication technologies are summarized and analyzed. The areas of use of the Internet, which enterprises are mainly used to transmit or receive email messages, banking operations, obtaining information about goods and services, obtaining information from public authorities. The dynamics and directions of use by enterprises of websites, which are used mainly to serve customers and create electronic links to business social media profiles. The tendencies of the use of cloud computing services are analyzed, among which enterprises are preferred by the use of financial or accounting applications, Email and office software. The advantages, opportunities and threats from the use of modern information and communication technologies by enterprises are identified. It is proposed the information technologies that should be recommended for enterprises in practice in the context of accelerating business informatization.

In the modern world, the use of expert competencies to justify management decisions is widely spread. A significant amount of expert activity takes place in the field of public administration, where it has its legal framework. However, there is currently no comprehensive law in the Russian Federation that defines the foundations for organizing expert activity in the field of public administration. To substantiate the significance of this issue and demonstrate the existing approaches in the scientific literature, the paper provides a systematic analysis of the understanding of expert activity by scholars from various disciplines and summarizes the views of legal scholars on the problem of the lack of a unified scientific and legal basis for regulating the relationshipsarising from the implementation of expert activity in public administration. Special attention is given to the terminological foundation of this type of expert activity to determine its place and role in the public administration system. The author offers a novel approach to formulating the definition of «expert activity in the field of public administration». The application of one of the categorical methods of systematic analysis has allowed for the development of a scientifically grounded construct. Through the formal-logical method of defining the concept, the author elucidates the necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of the legal category «expert activity in the field of public administration». The outcome obtained may serve as a basis for improving the conceptual framework of legislation on expert activity in the field of public administration.

The rapid spread of information and communications technologies is accelerating the development of our economy and society. While information and communications technologies have become an important development tool that reshapes many aspects of the world’s activities, digital inequality emerges on a worldwide scale due to difference in access to and use of information and communications technologies. Digital inequality, which is a new phenomenon in the current information era, will widen the gap between developed and developing countries/regions. China has witnessed rapid informationization along with its booming economic growth over the past decade. However, digital inequality, as an important aspect of social inequalities in China, has received only scant attention currently. Based on the technique of cartogram, Figures display provincial information and communications technologies development index (IDI) values in 2010 and 2015 in China, exhibiting high inequality. Regions of the highest information and communications technologies levels are distributed along China's eastern coast. On the contrary, the provinces in the west present very low information and communications technologies levels. The coefficient of variation of IDI values dropped from 0.30 to 0.18, indicating declining digital inequality in China. A causal bidirectional relation probably exists between the economic development and information and communications technologies levels.

The proliferation of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) coupled with sophisticated network protocols have unveiled new avenues for enterprises and organizations and the hospitality industries cannot be left out. Technology-based systems stand in a pivotal position to offer better service to the populace. Hospitality industries such as hotels can take advantage of the pervasiveness of ICT vis-à-vis technology-based systems to advance some of their operations. This paper seeks to assess the use of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) in a front office operation of chain hotels in Ghana. The paper determines the extent of the use of information technology in a front office operation of chain hotels in Ghana. The paper continues to assess the effect of the use of information technology in the front office operation of chain hotels in Ghana, thus if the use of ICT has any effect on chain hotels’ front office operations. The paper further makes recommendations to chain hotel operators and the Ghana Tourist Authority (GTA) and policy makers on the use of information and communications technology in front office operation in chain hotels. Three chain hotels in Ghana were assessed.

In law enforcement practice, there are many examples when public authorities are unable to ensure law and order in the use of digital technologies. This is attributed to the fact that law-making activities in the field of digital law are focused on “pre-digital” methods of public administration. This imbalance between legal regulation and public relations arising in the digital environment can be resolved through the institution of digital maturity, the formation of which is closely interrelated with the institutions of digital transformation and the digital state. The paper analyzes the basics of the designated legal concepts through the analysis of the legal regulation of the evolution of the implementation of information technologies by public authorities.One of the most important internal functions of the state is to work with information, which today has become a central element of managerial decision-making. This state of affairs makes it possible to call the state one of the beneficiaries of information revolutions. The society has gone through four information revolutions, each of which transformed the system of public administration. Today we can observe a new information revolution associated with the use of end-to-end digital technologies that have already had an impact on society and the mechanisms of the state. The paper systematizes information revolutions and their impact on the transformation of the public administration system and social interaction. The analysis made it possible to predict changes in the mechanism of the state caused by these processes.To analyze the use of information technologies in the field of public administration, the paper summarizes the existing state legal concepts in this area. The analysis made it possible to identify their haphazardness and inconsistency. To eliminate this shortcoming, the paper formulates a universal classification of state legal concepts, including the following legal categories: electronic state, electronic democracy, electronic autocracy, electronic government, electronic justice, and electronic parliamentary, digital state. The proposed classification should contribute to improving the quality of law making and law enforcement activities in the process of regulating the use of information technologies in the field of public administration.

The world has changed a lot in the past years. The rapid advances in technology and the changing of the communication channels have changed the way people work and, for many, where do they work from. The Internet and mobile technology, the two most dynamic technological forces in modern information and communications technology (ICT) are converging into one ubiquitous mobile Internet service, which will change our way of both doing business and dealing with our daily routine activities. As the use of ICT expands globally, there is need for further research into cultural aspects and implications of ICT. The acceptance of Information Technology (IT) has become a fundamental part of the research plan for most organizations (Igbaria 1993). In IT research, numerous theories are used to understand users’ adoption of new technologies. Various models were developed including the Technology Acceptance Model, Theory of Reasoned Action, Theory of Planned Behavior, and recently, the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology. Each of these models has sought to identify the factors which influence a citizen’s intention or actual use of information technology. Drawing on the UTAUT model and Flow Theory, this research composes a new hybrid theoretical framework to identify the factors affecting the acceptance and use of Mobile Internet -as an ICT application- in a consumer context. The proposed model incorporates eight constructs: Performance Expectancy, Effort Expectancy, Facilitating Conditions, Social Influences, Perceived Value, Perceived Playfulness, Attention Focus, and Behavioral intention. Data collected online from 238 respondents in Saudi Arabia were tested against the research model, using the structural equation modeling approach. The proposed model was mostly supported by the empirical data. The findings of this study provide several crucial implications for ICT and, in particular, mobile Internet service practitioners and researchers

The article is dedicated to the development and application of information technologies to support the educational process of individuals with special educational needs. A conceptual model is proposed that combines modern information and communication technologies, artificial intelligence methods and mathematical models for personalizing learning and taking into account the individual characteristics of participants in the educational process. Specific requirements for an inclusive environment are considered, in particular, taking into account the cognitive, sensory and communication characteristics of students. Existing approaches to the use of information and communication technologies are analyzed, in particular, artificial intelligence systems, mathematical modeling and adaptive learning platforms. An analysis of domestic and foreign research in the field of inclusive learning and the implementation of digital solutions is conducted, and the advantages of integrating intelligent systems into learning platforms are also identified. The scientific novelty lies in the fact that for the first time a model for supporting inclusive learning has been developed, which is based on a mathematical description of this process and, unlike known solutions, involves the integrated use of information technologies at each stage of learning, which made it possible to determine the structural and functional requirements for the platform architecture and ensure effective information support for an inclusive educational environment. Practical examples of the use of UML diagrams and Petri nets to formalize processes and reflect the interaction between key learning participants are given. The results of the work may be useful for developers of educational systems and inclusion specialists. The use of the described solutions makes it possible to increase the effectiveness of learning, promote social adaptation and develop the potential of individuals with special educational needs in the modern information space.

The purpose of this article is to analyze the introduction and use of information and communication technologies (ICT) in the special disciplines of higher education, to teach teachers how to improve the effectiveness of teaching and learning through information and communication technologies (ICT). This article discusses the issues of improving the knowledge and skills of students through the use of modern information and communication technologies in the preparation of designers, increasing students' interest in the educational process and the ability to apply their knowledge in practice in the future. The focus is on the need to develop appropriate strategies for a new educational role and, in addition, to enhance the role of learners in integrating information and communication technologies (ICT) into the educational process. The role and perspective of the teachers was very important, highlighting them as key players in the process. The data show that there is a belief that the use of information and communication technologies (ICT) in the educational process will help increase the effectiveness of education and facilitate the organization of the educational process. In particular, it shows that the contribution of information and communication technologies (ICT) to the improvement of the educational process in educational institutions, where information and communication technologies (ICT) is an innovative factor, is high. Achieving this high level means that the educational institution must not only modernize technological means, but also change the models of teaching.

The article provides an overview on the problem of the introduction of information and telecommunication technologies in the modern educational system, which demonstrates new opportunities for optimizing the learning process, particularly language learning, at all levels. The choice of the topic, its relevance, the theoretical significance and practical value of the investigated problem are substantiated. A special attention is paid to the Internet, web technologies, possibilities of mass media, active use of the didactic potential of the virtual network. The authors consider the possibilities of training new generation teachers who possess not only traditional, but also innovative learning technologies, who are able not only to process certain information, but also to produce it, creatively using the time to solve educational tasks. The proposed work is devoted to the problem of forming the information culture of future teachers, their readiness to use the latest information technologies in their professional activities; organization of the educational process using modern information and communication technologies. It was found that a modern lesson today is impossible without involving the powerful capabilities of Internet resources, the usage of which contributes to the formation of a truly modern student, armed with the latest technologies for searching, receiving and using cognitive information. It was determined that the formation of readiness to work with information technologies in professional activity is a long process, which is an important component of the professional pedagogical training of future specialists, therefore this process takes place through purposeful activity, the future teacher's own activity and special conditions. The following conditions are considered as the most important for the formation of future teachers’ information culture: student’s involvement in active information activities; professionalism of the teacher; technical equipment; active learning methods; arming students with rational methods of knowledge acquisition. Using of technical tools in education allows solving the following tasks: the usage of innovative information technologies and their compliance with the conditions of modern educational technology; increasing visibility of methodical materials in education; improving the organization of students’ independent cognitive activities; the usage of global and regional systems; application of interactive learning methods.

The article deals with the use of cloud technology services in the study of free software. Free software is a social phenomenon based on the philosophy of freedom and the right to intellectual creative activity. To date, a significant number of software products have been created that are licensed under free software and not used in educational activities. The conducted research revealed the factors promoting and hindering the use of free software in educational activities. Conducted questionnaires, analysis of open data, research of scientists made it possible to conclude on the expediency of using free software in educational activities. Cloud technology is not only a modern trend of effective use of information and communication technologies in professional activity, but also a proven tool for educational activities. To get acquainted with the free software, the use of cloud technologies has been helpful, which is the goal of our research.

The article is devoted to the definition of the main trends in the development of public administration in the dynamics of those informationtechnological and socio-political changes that took place at the turn of the 20th–21st centuries in the vast majority of European countries, as well as in Ukraine. Based on the methodology of public administration, the results of the reassessment of the principles and theoretical concepts characteristic of the last century are summarized, which led to the search for a new universal approach to reform in the field of public administration in an interdisciplinary discourse. Ambiguous positions of researchers regarding the capacity of the modern state as a guarantor of security, productivity and sustainability of society are emphasized. It is proven that, thanks to the involvement of the public in the development and implementation of policies, the improvement of the efficiency of public administration, the optimization of the terms and quality of making qualified management decisions demonstrate an important positive trend in the development of public administration both in Ukraine and in many European countries. At the same time, the formation of a tendency towards populism, the erosion of the foundations of democracy and trust in the authorities was emphasized. The ability of management systems to self-regulate and change their internal structure in conditions of aggressive external influences or a critical state is considered in close connection with the practices of social interaction and social partnership. The support of the people and the involvement of citizens in the activities of political institutions ensures a higher level of social legitimation of the authorities and a higher level of the ability of democratic processes to influence the effectiveness of governing bodies. Determining the strengths and weaknesses of deliberative democracy should be considered as a further search for opportunities for decision-making based on the consensus of individual positions in political and management processes. In the context of deliberative democracy approaches, social partnership is defined as a process that strengthens the democratic legitimacy of the political system in general, and the public administration system in particular. Mastering modern communication technologies, professional training of public servants and social interaction can level negative trends and strengthen positive ones in favor of improving the quality of management activities and society's life in general.