Основы управления в органах внутренних дел

Introduction. The term “internal affairs” has become so widespread in our everyday life (including scientific) that it seems as if it has always existed.It may seem that it pretends to be some basic theoretical concept. The author of this article attempts to clarify this situation, to find out when and under what circumstances the concepts of “internal affairs”, “bodies of the Ministry of Internal Affairs”, “institutions of internal affairs”, “internal affairs bodies” entered the record and scientific turnover. This task seems to us to be urgent and highly relevant. Methods. The research was based on dialectics, acting as a general methodology of scientific cognition. General scientific, special and private-scientific methods were used. The study of relevant historical documents with the use of analysis, synthesis, induction and deduction was carried out. The obtained results were processed using the interpretative method. The comparison of functions and subdivisions of the Ministry of Internal Affairs in different historical periods was carried out. The principle of historicism allowed us to study the dynamics of formation and development of the terms “internal affairs”, “internal affairs bodies”. Results and their discussion. It is revealed that the very concepts of “internal affairs”, “internal affairs bodies” and other derivatives of them appeared only at the end of the XVIII century. In the “Mysterious Constitution” N. I. Panin outlined a new system of central bodies of branch state administration. One of the eight directions of “state government” he singled out “Spiritual law and morals of citizens, which is called internal politics”. Eight ministries were createdin September 1802. Seven of them were “specialised”, profile ones: the Military and Army, Naval, Justice, Commerce, Finance, Foreign Affairs, Public Education. The leadership of the other spheres of activity of society and the state was entrusted to the Ministry of Internal Affairs. The Ministry of Internal Affairs took an exclusive position in the part of the management of places: governors, local selfgovernment bodies were subordinated to it. The concept of “internal affairs” was not precisely defined for a very long time. This continued until the beginning of the twentieth century and in the post-revolutionary years. Numerous reorganisations of the Ministry did not allow forming a definition of the terms in issue. Conclusion. As a result of the research, the authors conclude that the concept of «internal affairs bodies» cannot claim universal application to different historical periods. There are no unified criteria for attributing the functions performed by certain links of the state apparatus to «internal affairs».

The article is devoted to the consideration of the main topical problems of educational work in the internal Affairs bodies as one of the types of moral and psychological support for the activities of the internal Affairs bodies. In the article, the authors analyze the current legal norms in this area, explore the main directions of educational work in the internal Affairs bodies, methods of training personnel, and formulate and justify a number of proposals to improve the effectiveness of educational work in the internal Affairs bodies

The article is devoted to the issue of professional deformation of employees of internal affairs bodies and prevention of its occurrence and development. The subject of the study are regulations, scientific publications and conditions for the organization of work on the prevention of professional deformation of employees in the internal affairs bodies of the Russian Federation. The methodological basis of the research is an interdisciplinary approach that allows accumulating the achievements of scientists from different fields – pedagogy, psychology, management and law. During the research, analysis, synthesis, comparison, observation, study of experience, special legal methods of cognition were used. The reasons for the appearance of professional deformation of employees of internal affairs bodies are considered. Special attention is paid to the stages of formation of professional deformation of employees of internal affairs bodies. In order to reduce the risk of exposure to the development of occupational deformation, the authors state the need for timely prevention of occupational deformation and offer its possible options. The scientific novelty of the study lies in the complex of preventive measures proposed by the authors that contribute to the prevention of professional deformation of employees of internal affairs bodies. The authors come to the conclusion that for the successful implementation of preventive measures to prevent the development of professional deformation, it is necessary to expand the staff of the psychological service, develop the institute of mentoring, develop and adopt programs for the prevention of professional deformation of employees in specific departments of internal affairs bodies, taking into account the specifics of their activities, improve pedagogical and other conditions for the prevention of professional deformation of employees of internal affairs bodies. The results of the study will be useful to specialists of personnel and psychological services, the management staff of the internal affairs bodies, as well as specialists in educational work of higher educational institutions that train future employees of the internal affairs bodies of Russia.

The paper discusses the features of socialisation of cadets – graduates of educational institutions of the Ministry of internal Affairs of Russia in the conditions of their service in police units. The author comes to the conclusion that for successful socialisation of a cadet who graduated from the school of the MIA of Russia, he must pass certain stages of formation as a practical police officer in Internal Affairs agencies, namely: to acquire experience in performing professional tasks in the police force; to become aware of their belonging to Internal Affairs bodies; adapt to the performance of official duties of an employee of the Internal Affairs bodies, taking into account personal needs. The rapid transformation of a cadet into a practical police officer during the above-mentioned stages of formation is facilitated by the impact on him of both mandatory norms in force in the Internal Affairs bodies, which provide for strict compliance with orders of higher management, and social norms aimed at meeting personal needs in civil society, provided that the police observe the legitimacy of their implementation.

The fundamental goal of this scientific article is to study not only the historical processes of the emergence and use of tactical medicine in the internal affairs bodies, but also to analyze the current regulatory framework that regulates tactical medicine in the internal affairs bodies, to assess the current level of its development. It will also be important to touch upon the problems of the development of tactical medicine both at earlier stages of its development and at the present time, methods for improving the tactical and special training of police officers in the field of tactical medicine using the example of the Voronezh Institute of the Ministry of Internal Affairs.

Since the Republic of Kazakhstan gained its sovereignty in the law enforcement system, a number of large-scale reforms have been carried out, state programs have been approved and implemented, a full-scale recertification of employees of all law enforcement agencies, and a regulatory base have been updated through the adoption of special laws on law enforcement and internal affairs bodies. However, despite all the above circumstances, the level of corruption in the internal affairs bodies is still high.
 Obviously, there is a whole complex of latent reasons for this situation and the author denotes the contours of their scientific research. The most difficult direction, which the author singled out, should be recognized as a change in approaches to the formation of a strategy for combating corruption. This article suggests a preliminary analytical description of the impact of corruption on political institutions in terms of cratology and the most significant aspects of regulation.

The object of the study is employees of the internal affairs bodies who commit a crime under Article 290 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation "Receiving a bribe". The author considers the concept of "personality" not only from the point of view of criminology, but also sociology, psychology, which allows to characterize the personality of a criminal not only from a legal point of view. The author examines the characteristics of the criminal's personality, studied by criminologists, as well as the characteristics that the author identifies based on the analysis of existing judicial practice. Special attention in the course of the study is paid to the identification of those characteristics that are inherent in an employee of the internal affairs bodies, as a special subject of the crime under consideration. The main contribution of the research conducted by the author is the compilation of a criminological portrait of the personality of a criminal - an employee of the internal affairs bodies committing a crime under Article 290 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation "Receiving a bribe". The criminological portrait of the criminal's personality is based on empirical data obtained by studying criminal cases in the district courts of the city of St. Petersburg, as well as other regions (using the electronic system of normative and legal acts "Sudakt") in the number of 107 criminal cases in the period from 2017 to 2022. The author confirms the theoretical hypotheses put forward by the author concerning certain characteristics of the criminal personality of an employee of the internal affairs bodies with concrete examples from the investigated criminal cases.

At the present stage of development of our society, corruption has penetrated into all its spheres. The internal affairs bodies are at the forefront of the fight against crime, daily facing various corruption manifestations. It is obvious that the employees of the internal affairs bodies themselves are subject to corrupt influences. In this regard, we consider it a necessary reality to form anti-corruption behavior in every employee of the internal affairs bodies. The purpose of the work is the analysis of the scientific literature, to give integrative definitions of the main concepts used in the process of studying the problem of forming anti-corruption behavior of employees of internal affairs bodies «conduct», «corruption», «motivation», «legal literacy», «the staff of bodies of internal affairs», «corrupt conduct», «anti-corruption behavior, «fighting», «the formation of anti-corruption behavior of employees of internal affairs bodies».

Background. The importance of studying personal meta-resources in modern conditions of an unstable world is highlighted. Meta-resources streamline the system of personal resources and help a person solve life problems using their own strengths. It is noted that developing the resource approach in the psychology of work and service activity enables to increase the success of professional activity through the formation of certain resources. The concept of a meta-resource of life success is described as an important predictor for the professional activity of employees of internal affairs bodies. The development of training for life and professional success of employees of internal affairs bodies is proposed. Its justification as an effective technology for the development of this meta-resource is given. Objective. The aim is to study the dynamics of components in the meta-resource of life success with targeted influence on them in the process of training work. Sample. The study involved 115 people, including 44 cadets, 44 students, 12 adjuncts, and 15 novice teachers at the educational organization of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, who were divided into four experimental and two control groups. The experimental groups were formed taking into account the specifics of the professionalization process in the experimental groups. Methods. A quasi-experimental research design was implemented. The impact occurred in the process through training technology during the implementation of “Training for the life and professional success of employees of internal affairs bodies.” Before and after the training, diagnostic sessions were taken. Results. The effectiveness of the training has been theoretically and empirically proven. In all experimental groups, positive dynamics of certain components of life success were revealed. Positive changes in the reflexive mechanisms of success occurred in all experimental groups, with the exception of the group of adjuncts. Positive dynamics of practical, moral, and existential emotional experiences was noted. In samples of students and teachers, an increase in the life disposition indicator was recorded, which is one of the important predictors of professional success. Conclusion. The results obtained made it possible to draw a generalized picture of the possibilities for purposeful formation of a meta-resource for the life success of employees at internal affairs bodies through training. The effectiveness of life and professional success training has been theoretically and empirically proven, which makes it advisable to include it in psychological support programmes for internal affairs officers.

The content of the article reflects the discussion of the survey results obtained on a sample of 70 employees of the internal affairs bodies of different age categories who served in the Department of Internal Affairs from 1 year to 25 years. The author notes that the ideas about the professional career of employees of the internal affairs bodies of different ages have distinctive features. Thus, employees under the age of 25 are more likely to relate the concept of "career" to such positions as career growth, a sense of confidence and stability, and self-improvement. Employees from 25 to 35 years of age represent a career as a means of self-development and self-realization, an indicator of success. Employees from 35 to 45 years of age positively evaluate their career, regard it as a source of income and self-development, as an indicator of success and a source of profitable acquaintances. Employees aged 45 and older are characterized by a decrease in the importance of their career, with the priority given to the upcoming retirement and the search for themselves in other areas of activity. The relevance of the study is due to the fact that the study of the success factors and components of the ideas about the career of employees of different age groups can become the basis for preventing the outflow of professional personnel from the internal affairs bodies, as well as contribute to the formation of optimal relationships in service teams, which is undoubtedly one of the most important tasks of the heads of departments of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia at all levels. The scientific novelty of the study consists in expanding, supplementing and clarifying scientific views on the ideas about the professional career of employees of the internal affairs bodies of different age categories.

The author addresses the problem of the quantitative and qualitative shortage of personnel that currently exists in the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia. The position is expressed that the constitutional and legal aspect of an effective solution to this problem requires bringing federal legislation and the departmental regulatory legal framework in this area in line with the legal ideas and principles of the Constitution of the Russian Federation. One of the steps towards the constitutionalization of the organizational and legal mechanism for the selection of candidates for service in the internal affairs bodies should be the introduction into the text of the Federal Law of 11/30/2011. No. 342-FZ “On Service in the Internal Affairs Bodies of the Russian Federation and Amendments to Certain Legislative Acts of the Russian Federation” rules prohibiting the recruitment to the internal affairs bodies of citizens who are under the influence of persons who allow non-medical drug use, previously convicted of crimes, holding extremist views ideas related to encroachment on the foundations of the constitutional order.

Introduction. The article is devoted to the financing of NKVD employees evacuated in the first year of the Great Patriotic War from the three Union Republics of the USSR to the Mordovian ASSR. Materials and Methods. Within the framework of this study, financial documents located in the Central State Archive of the Republic of Mordovia were used. When analyzing the research materials, historical-typological and historical-genetic methods were used, as well as a micro-historical approach was applied. Results. The main task set in the study is to determine the costs of financing the maintenance of evacuated employees was based on the involvement of financial reports of the internal affairs bodies of the Mordovian ASSR. The structure of the monetary maintenance of the evacuated employees was revealed, the initial documents on the basis of which monetary payments were made were determined. By dividing the evacuees into conditional groups, it was possible to consider financial costs by employee categories. The analysis of payment orders from previous duty stations also allowed us to draw important conclusions. Discussion and Conclusions. The study confirmed the social nature of the Soviet state, which sought even in the most difficult period of the Great Patriotic War to provide the families of evacuees with means to live until they returned to service. It is important to note that the employees of the internal affairs bodies were important specialists for the state, and it did everything to save these personnel, withdrawn from the attack of Germany and its allies, as much as possible.

Modern police training system in Russia is carried out within the framework of a coherent multi-element and multi-level system of training and education of citizens preparing to serve in the internal affairs bodies or current employees (federal state civil servants, employees of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia). The subject of this study is the system of personnel training for the internal affairs bodies of the Russian Federation, the analysis of modern trends, which allows us to identify certain regularities. The purpose of the work is to identify modern trends in this system and determine the place of digital technologies. The empirical base of the study is the results of the integration of innovative pedagogical methods and technologies into the activities of educational organizations of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia. In total, the study is based on the experience of all educational organizations of higher education of the system of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia and their branches, implementing educational programs of higher education during 2019 - 2023. The methodology of the study of modern pedagogical techniques and technologies presented by educational organizations of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia every year during the five-year period is based on a set of scientific approaches, principles and methods. Novelty of the work - for the first time these materials were subjected to system analysis to determine the regularities of pedagogical technology development. The results of the study can be used in the further organization of the educational process. According to the results the author's scheme of multilevel training of personnel for internal affairs bodies is formulated, the most popular trends of implementation of innovative educational technologies are revealed, the place of digitalization in the general structure of trends of innovative technologies is determined.

This article is devoted to the issues of introduction of new approaches to training, retraining and advanced training of personnel for the forensic expertise departments of the internal affairs bodies. The normative legal acts of the Republic of Uzbekistan in training, retraining and advanced training of forensic experts are considered. The author analyzes the foreign experience and formulates proposals for improving the training of expert personnel for internal affairs bodies.

In the article the author analyzes the shortcomings of the existing system of administrative responsibility in the sphere of state security of Ukraine. Ukraine's internal affairs bodies face a number of constraints in ensuring national security, including a lack of resources and capacity, which hinders their ability to effectively perform their direct functions. Another limitation is the lack of a clear legal framework and guiding principles for their activities, which may lead to inconsistencies in the implementation of the relevant competencies. In addition, internal affairs bodies may be vulnerable to political interference and influence, which may compromise their independence and effectiveness. Within the framework of increasing the level of public security, the author highlighted the following proposals: improvement of the current legislative framework specifically in the legal regulation of security, organization of supervision over the implementation of targeted programs for ensuring national security in Ukraine; improvement of the mechanism of ensuring national security of Ukraine. The author focuses on measures to prevent socially dangerous acts and administrative offenses as the most important condition for national security in Ukraine. Having defined the issues and problems related to administrative responsibility, this article is intended to give recommendations to practitioners who seek to improve the effectiveness of administrative and legal regulation in this area.