特集 製造業におけるニューコンセプト 未来製造技術をもとめて 重工業におけるニューコンセプト

座談会 製造業におけるニューコンセプト 未来製造技術をもとめて

特集 製造業におけるニューコンセプト 未来製造技術をもとめて 社会基盤鋼構造物製造におけるニューコンセプト 橋梁構造分野を例にとって

特集 製造業におけるニューコンセプト 未来製造技術をもとめて 建築分野の新たなる展開

Trend Toward Open Architecture Control Systems and its Implications for Developing Countries

Aim. The work aimed to systematize and assess the existing trends and risks in the development of the modern Russian media market. Objectives. The work seeks to study the specifics of modern processes in the media industry, to identify trends and risks that affect the structure and transformation of the future Russian national media industry; to reveal the prospects for the strategic development of the Russian media market. Methods. The study employed general scientific principles of system, historical and comparative analysis, as well as methods of deduction and induction to identify the general and the particular in various processes of the Russian media market. In order to generalize and systematize the information obtained, the methods of analysis and integration were used to reveal the essence of the modern process of transformation of the Russian media industry. Results. Based on the analytical review results, it was revealed that the leading trends of the Russian media industry are multi-format content, personalization and uniqueness of produced and posted online content, rethinking of the value approach in modern Russian media and the concept of training professional personnel. The main risks and factors of global influence include the intensive introduction and use of artificial intelligence, the procedure for assessing the effectiveness of various media channels, the ongoing crisis of the Russian advertising media market. Conclusions. The work studied the theoretical and practical issues focused on the specifics of the media market and the media industry. Based on the analysis results, trends and risks in the Russian media market development were systematized. The main trends highlighted included the dynamism of the modern information agenda, as well as its high sensitivity to changes under the influence of technology and geopolitical factors. The leading current trend of 2025 is the examination of publicity and the analysis of technologies for creating and promoting a corporate and personal brand. The most significant risks identified were ongoing media inflation, growing threats from the external world environment regarding the protection of the interests of Russian media, the lack of dialogue with large international media holdings, the growth of fakes, and the intensification of the negative use of deepfake technology in the media space. The prospects for the development of the modern Russian media market include an increase in demand for digital media channels, personalization and uniqueness of produced and posted content in order to attract new consumers, increased implementation of technological innovations in the media industry, and global changes in consumer behavior.

A new laser stripe sensor system for the automation of welding processes in heavy industries is presented. Conventional laser stripe sensors use expensive multiprocessor boards with up to six digital signal processors (DSP) to cope with the high data rate of 14 Mbyte/s delivered by the sensor's CCD-camera. A new solution using only one highly integrated logic IC (FPGA) has been developed offering the same performance as multiprocessor solutions at a drastically lower price making laser stripe sensors attractive for cost sensitive applications in the heavy industries. Integrating the FPGA in the sensor head facilitates data transmission to the sensor computer as the data rate is decreased by a factor of 700 and can thus be transmitted as a robust RS485 serial signal over large distances. For the detection of the location of the welding groove a new robust fuzzy algorithm has been developed that guarantees a satisfying tracking result even when the welding gap geometry strongly varies or is distorted by noise. Using this new method, investigations carried out on industrial samples from the ship-building industry showed that the fuzzy approach was able to cope with strong seam geometry variations and proved to be superior to conventional approaches.

A laser-stripe system for the automation of welding processes in heavy industries is presented. Conventional methods use human intervention. A new solution using only common usage computer components has been developed, offering at least the same quality of performance at a low price, making laser systems without human intervention attractive for cost sensitive applications in heavy industries. A new system that guarantees satisfactory tracking results even when the welding gap geometry varies strongly or is distorted by noise has been developed.

This issue of Acta Radioloica is dedicated to highlighting some recent trends in pediatric imaging. It is, therefore, not surprising that most of the articles in this issue are focused on the use of magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. Together, these articles emphasize that MR now also plays a major role in imaging many non-neurological conditions in children, such as diseases of the musculoskeletal system and neoplastic diseases of the entire body. This modality has also become well established as a standard in pediatric cardiac evaluation and its current status in pulmonary evaluation is also reviewed. One of the articles also emphasizes the ideal techniques to use in MR imaging in the pediatric age range. In all large radiology departments dedicated to imaging in pediatrics, it is not only MR that has seen the greatest increase in utilization in recent years, but also ultrasound. This is a highly desirable trend, as neither modality utilizes ionizing radiation which should always be avoided, if possible, particularly in young children. This special issue also highlights the use of ultrasound and compares its role, relative to MR, in cardiac imaging and also in the large field of fetal imaging. Unfortunately, not all imaging procedures required in children can be performed without the utilization of ionizing radiation. The increased demand for image-guided procedures in interventional radiology in children requires the frequent use of fluoroscopy which sometimes may require prolonged exposure times. Furthermore, in children CT remains important for the evaluation of the lungs, bones, some cardiac conditions, and also in conjunction with positron emission tomography (PET) scanning. If not used appropriately in the pediatric setting, CT examinations may deliver unnecessarily high radiation doses and one of the important articles in this special issue addresses the need for CT protocols in pediatrics that are designed to optimize CT imaging with the lowest possible acceptable radiation doses. The subspecialty of pediatric imaging has been established for decades and is represented by large international societies for pediatric radiology in the Americas, Europe, Asia, and Australia. Smaller national societies exist in many countries as well. However, in many parts of the world the performance and interpretation of imaging procedures in children is not always done by dedicated pediatric radiologists. The meticulous techniques required in neonates, infants, and young children often differ markedly from those used in adults. Furthermore, the more complex procedures in children often require sedation and anesthesia. It is, therefore, important for special issues such as this one to highlight current trends in the subspecialty of pediatric radiology and to make these available not only to dedicated pediatric radiologists but also to all physicians who are involved in pediatric imaging. This special issue of Acta Radiologica reviews some of the recent trends in pediatric imaging with a group of excellent articles covering several organ systems and modalities.

Research Notes “THE INDUSTRIAL INSTRUMENT—MASTER OF INDUSTRY, SERVANT OF MANAGEMENT”: AUTOMATIC CONTROL IN THE PROCESS INDUSTRIES, 1900-1940 STUART BENNETT Herbert H. Dow, founder of the Dow Chemical Company, opined in 1930 that industrial development rested on three basic technical ad­ vances: “firstly the steam engine inaugurating power production,” then interchangeable parts “making possible mass production,” and third, an “advance still in its infancy, automatic operation by automatic con­ trol ofcontinuous processes.” He thought the latter occupied a position in the process industries akin to that of interchangeable parts in the assembly industries.1 From the 1890s onward, Dow sought to reduce the number of people employed in the production process. His strat­ egy was to increase plant size, use automatic analysis and automatic operation of the equipment governed by automatic analysis, and de­ velop automatically controlled and operated continuous processes. By automatic control Dow meant closed-loop feedback control, and the Dow Chemical Company developed its own electrically operated controllers during the 1920s.2 During this same period, specialist Dr. Bennett, a lecturer in the Department of Control Engineering, University of Sheffield, completed the work for this article during his tenure as a senior postdoctoral fellow at the National Museum of American History (NMAH), the Smithsonian Institution. He is grateful for financial support from the Smithsonian Institution fellowships and grants program and from the University of Sheffield, and to the NMAH Division of Engineering and Industry for providing a base from which to work. He thanks Carlene Stephens and Barney Finn, his fellowship advisers, for their support and encouragement; Carlene Stephens, Jeffrey Stine, Steven Lubar, Maureen Whitebrook , and Peter Liebhold for reading the manuscript and suggesting improvements; and Jim Roan of the museum library and the division staff for research assistance. ‘Herbert H. Dow, “Economic Trend in the Chemical Industry,” Industrial and Engineering Chemistry 22 (1930): 113-16. Dow’s views were summarized in the January 1933 issue of the Industrial Bulletin of Arthur D. Little, Inc., and an extract from this summary was quoted in an editorial entitled “Industry’s Third Horizon?” Instruments 6 (February 1933): A5. ’The Dow Chemical Company first attempted to introduce automatic control in 1894; see Dow, p. 115. It continued to develop its own controllers until the early 1930s;© 1991 by the Society for the History of Technology. All rights reserved. 0040-165X/91/3201-0005$01.00 69 70 Stuart Bennett instrument companies extended their product range from indicators and recorders to include electrically and pneumatically operated feedback controllers. These instruments were the forerunners of the pneumatic and electronic controllers that were to play a major role in automating a whole range of industries during the 1950s.3 The process industries to which Dow’s techniques for reducing labor could be applied include metals, power generation, petroleum, chemicals, food, textiles, paper and pulp, glass, ceramics, brewery and distillery, sugar, lumber, and paint and varnish. The Works Progress Administration (WPA) surveyed these industries for the period 1909—35 for a project that culminated in a report, Reemployment Opportunities and Recent Changes in Industrial Techniques. Published in 1938, this WPA report found that there was a very rapid growth, in both absolute terms and relative to other forms of machinery, in the sales of industrial instruments between 1919 and 1929.4 And although the absolute value of sales of instruments fell sharply during the Depression, instrument sales relative to sales for all machinery continued to increase, moving from approximately 0.4 percent of machinery sales in 1919 to 1.4 percent in 1935, with a peak of almost 1.6 percent in 1933. The instruments included in the survey were indicators, recorders, and automatic feedback controllers, and, by 1935, the sales were roughly one-third indicators, one-third record­ ers, and one-third controllers. There was a rapid increase in the see John J. Grebe, Ray H. Boundy, and Robert W. Cermak, “The Control of Chemical Processes,” Transactions of the American Institution of Chemical Engineers 29 (1933): 211-55. This was one of the first technical papers on industrial process control. ’To introduce automatic feedback control, three components are needed: a measur­ ing instrument to convert some physical quantity to an electrical or...

Sensors are perhaps the most important and integral components of our modern society. With global warming and environmental pollution garnering ever-increasing attention, as well as solutions for sustainabile and smart cities, the optimized performance of current and future energy systems and process industries is paramount. The accurate sensing and quantification of key parameters of such systems are essential for monitoring, controlling, and optimization efforts. In situ laser-based optical sensors are most suitable for achieving the desired characteristics of accuracy, sensitivity, selectivity, portability, speed, safety, and intelligence. In recent decades, significant progress has been made in the development and deployment of laser-based sensing solutions, although new challenges and opportunities continue to emerge rapidly. In this review paper, we focus on laser absorption spectroscopy (LAS)-based sensors owing to their simple architecture, easy implementation, and market penetration. We detail recent advancements made in LAS variants using new laser sources and techniques. A brief discussion on other laser-based sensing techniques, namely, photoacoustic spectroscopy, laser-induced fluorescence, coherent anti-Stokes Raman spectroscopy, and laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy, is provided to compare these strategies with LAS. The applications of laser-based sensors in various energy systemsincluding engines, turbines, power plants, furnaces, and boilers—as well as process industriessuch as petrochemical, semiconductor, natural gas leak detection, and corrosion detectionare presented, illustrating their many benefits and possible uses. A distinguishing aspect of this review paper is that we present the comparison of previous studies in tabular formats, making it easy to appreciate the recent progress in laser-based sensing solutions. Finally, suggestions on future directions and emerging technologies to pursue for the further enhancement, development, and deployment of laser-based sensors are proposed.

Recent trends in NLP utilize knowledge graphs (KGs) to enhance pretrained language models by incorporating additional knowledge from the graph structures to learn domain-specific terminology or relationships between documents that might otherwise be overlooked.This paper explores how SciNCL, a graph-aware neighborhood contrastive learning methodology originally designed for scientific publications, can be applied to the process industry domain, where text logs contain crucial information about daily operations and are often structured as sparse KGs.Our experiments demonstrate that language models fine-tuned with triplets derived from graph embeddings (GE) outperform a state-of-the-art mE5-large text encoder by 9.8-14.3%(5.45-7.96p) on the proprietary process industry text embedding benchmark (PITEB) while having 3 times fewer parameters.

Identifying the novel and potential starting lead compounds remains major challenge in drug discovery industry. In 90’s, high-throughput screening is a common practice in early stage of a project; screening of large number compounds to identify potential starting lead compounds which can modulate target of their interest. Although high-throughput screening has some remarkable successes in identifying potential drug leads, still HTVS is not fruitful as expected, due to the costly nature of chemicals, assays and also depends on the chemical space of the input library [1-4]. Over the years, tremendous research has carried out towards the designing of virtual libraries and virtual screening to identifying the potential starting leads, to reduce the cost of High throughput Screening and to improve the success rate. In current issue of “Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry (CTMC)”, we focused on the recent trends in library design, Denovo studies, structure and ligand-based virtual screening approaches towards the medicinal chemistry and drug discovery topics and entitled the special topic with “Recent Trends in Library Design and Virtual Screening in Medicinal Chemistry and Drug Discovery”. Articles in this special issue have been contributed by experts from many parts of the world. In the first article, Drs. Rahul and Se Won Park discussed about discovery of a tuberculosis drug: bedaquiline, its anti-tuberculosis effects, mode of action and also discussed about computer-aided drug design approach to predict the binding mode for bedaquiline. In the next article, Drs. Prema Latha & Thomas discussed about successful application of structure-based drug design of Zanamivir (Relenza™) and oseltamivir (Tamiflu ® ), antiviral drugs. Also, discussed about application of computer-aided methods in identifying leads against influenza targets. Next article contributed by Drs. Harikishore & Yoon discusses about recent developments in denovo drug design and also explained successful application of the ligand and receptor based de novo drug design approaches. In the next article, Drs. Rodolpho & Carolina, summarizes the recent developments in virtual screening strategies and also highlights the recent achievements and as well as challenges. Also, discussed recent example of successful application for the identification of novel hit compounds for Trypanosoma cruzi sterol 14 α-demethylase (CYP51). In another article, Drs. Dimitar, Girinath, & Mati has covered a variety of studies have demonstrated the potential of machine- learning methods for predicting compounds as potential drug candidates. Also, provided an overview of the strategies and current progress in using machine learning methods for drug design and the potential of the respective model development tools. In next article, Drs. Evanthia & Zoe Cournia has covered an overview to the principles and applications of Structure-based Virtual Screening (VS) approaches and discussed on recent trends in library design, and as well as discuss limitations of the method.

There is a huge demand for fast, reliable and low-cost analytical systems for the detection and quantification of proteins with relevance in medicine, environmental pollutant monitoring, food safety, detection of foodborne pathogens and bioterrorism. Indeed, the development of biosensors fulfilling the requirements of adequate sensitivity and selectivity as well as convenience of use and cost is one of the grand scientific, engineering, and educational challenges of the 21st century. In this context, electrochemical immunosensors are considered particularly attractive analytical tools as a consequence of their inherent high sensitivity, simplicity of the operational procedure, easy availability and affordable cost of the required equipment together with possibility of miniaturization and suitability for in-field applications. Electrochemical immunosensors seek to exploit the great potentiality of immunoreactions in conjunction with electroanalytical techniques in a broad context facing a wide variety of analytical problems in medicine, biomedical research, drug discovery, environment, food, process industries, security and defense. The main goal is to provide a selective and fast response to the presence of a specific compound in a complex mixture of components, without perturbing the system. Interestingly, immunosensing using electroanalytical techniques is playing a more and more important role in protein analysis. Moreover, the growing research in advanced nanomaterials has impressively impacted also this field, by providing a great variety of novel, versatile and rationally designed nanostructured supports for transduction, signal generation and amplification. In parallel with these major advances in nanotechnology, the wide variety of immunoreagents available (commercial or produced by genetic recombination on demand conjugated with a variety of tags according to the required needs) and the versatility of design and modification offered by electrochemical substrates have also played major roles in the outstanding capabilities demonstrated by these electrochemical biosensors. The plethora of sophisticated approaches developed has exceeded even the experts' expectations in terms of functionality and resiliency. Due to the high demand of the world market and human interest for having devices able to provide the concentration of species in different complex samples, in a simple and fast way, a hard competition on this field has occurred among the researchers in recent years. In addition, the excellent and solid academic and practical multidisciplinary formation in sensors biotechnology, surface chemistry, advanced nanomaterials, and electrochemical transduction and characterization methods for immunodetection of these researchers amply justifies the unimaginable progress reached in such a short time and the fact that people working in this area do not dare to put limits on this field. The present Special Issue, which compiles 9 full papers, 2 short communications and 8 dedicated review articles, was authored by leading experts and pioneers in electrochemical immunosensors. These articles shed useful insights into the latest advances, current trends and future prospects in this exciting field. In particular, the selected contributions described the development of electrochemical immunosensing scaffolds to detect pollutants (polybrominated diphenyllethers, mycotoxins), clinical biomarkers (interleukin-8, estrogen and progesterone receptors), drugs (brombuterol), rotavirus and microbes and revise nicely the use of screen-printed electrodes, common and uncommon nanostructures, polymeric films, 3D-printing microfluidics and proximity ligation assays in the development of electrochemical immunosensors. Compiled contributions give also expert and updated overviews of this topic in multiplexed approaches, control of electron transfer, advantages compared with aptasensors and latest applications in real clinical practice. Therefore, one can envision further exciting applications of electrochemical immune-platforms for making ‘house-calls' in biomedical diagnostics and cancer theranostics, as inspectors for environmental monitoring, even in harsh working conditions, as well as alarm devices for food safety. The unique combination and integration of nanotechnology, micro and nanofluidics with immunoreactions and electrochemical analytical methodologies is expected to produce major advances in this area and open up new opportunities not only from the scientific point of view but even from a market perspective preparing point-of-care devices and in-situ alarm systems. Given the rapid development, interest and progress made in this field, the examples compiled in this Special Issue are just a small sample of those expected to come in this amazing field which future growth and success will rely on the abilities of the researchers to continue innovating and collaborating to address the existing challenges and opportunities. In the near future, advances in fundamental knowledge of new nanomaterials along with a focus on practical applications in real-world systems will drive electrochemical immunosensors to breakthroughs in many fields of social and economical relevance. As a logical consequence of the incessant flow of impressive ideas and innovations it looks like this field has the horsepower to keep on advancing for the foreseeable future.

Editorial - special issue on autonomy, safety, and security for cyber-physical systems in the process industries

An vision inspection sensor system for the automation of laser welding processes in heavy industries is presented. The system consists of PC based vision camera and stripe type laser diode. For image de-noising, a new surface inspection method of Tailor-welded blanks including in: median filtering, bi-level thresholding, opening and closing, mid-line of the laser stripe extraction, has been developed. After extracting the middle line of the laser stripe, the algorithms of calculating bead width, mismatch, weld slope, convexity, concavity, overthickness and undercut are proposed. Finally, A series of experiments show that the proposed method in this paper is effective.