親職壓力、社會支持與生活品質之關係研究：身心障礙者家長與普通家長之比較

اهداف: کیفیت زندگی، مفهومی پیچیده و چندبعدی است که تحت تأثیر مولفه هایی چون زمان و مکان، ارزش‌های فردی و اجتماعی از سوی متفکران علوم شهری و سایر اندیشمندان علوم مختلف مطرح و مورد پژوهش قرار گرفته است. تحقیق حاضر با هدف بررسی شاخص‌های کیفیت زندگی و سنجش آن در شهر مرکزی زرین دشت (حاجی‌آباد) بر مبنای 4 گروه شاخص‌های اقتصادی، اجتماعی، خدماتی و کالبدی صورت گرفته است. روش: روش تحقیق، در این مقاله توصیفی- تحلیلی و ابزار آن پرسش‌نامه می‌باشد. روایی پرسش‌نامه با استفاده از نظرات متخصصان و پایایی آن با استفاده از محاسبه آلفای کرونباخ (72%) تعیین شد. جامعۀ آماری در این پژوهش7 محله از شهر حاجی‌آباد (20000نفر) می‌باشد که با استفاده از فرمول کوکران 377 نمونه انتخاب گردید و به‌صورت تصادفی در هر محله پرسش‌نامه توزیع شد. تجزیه و تحلیل پرسش‌نامه با استفاده ازآمار توصیفی، همبستگی و رگرسیون چندگانۀ خطی انجام شد و در نهایت از روش آنتروپی شانون جهت وزن‌دهی شاخص‌ها و تکنیک پرومتی جهت رتبه‌بندی محلات به‌کار گرفته شد. یافته‌ها/نتایج: یافته‌های پژوهش نشان داد که در شهر حاجی‌آباد، محلۀ فرهنگیان بالاترین سطح کیفیت زندگی شهری و محلۀ حسین‌آباد، پایین‌ترین سطح کیفیت را در بین محلات دارد. همچنین در بررسی ابعاد چهارگانۀ شاخص کیفیت زندگی همبستگی مستقیم و معناداری وجود داشته و هر یک از این ابعاد همبستگی معناداری با رضایتمندی نهایی از کیفیت زندگی دارند و از بین شاخص‌های کیفیت زندگی، شاخص اقتصادی بیشترین تأثیر را در کیفیت محلات دارد.

Objective To investigate the parental stress, social support and quality of life in mothers of children with precocious puberty, and to explore the impact of parental stress and social support on the quality of life. Methods A questionnaire survey of 96 mothers of children with precocious puberty was conducted using the Family Stress Index, Social Support Rating Scale and World Health Organization Quality of Life Survey (Chinese version) . Results The total score of parental stress and the scores of different dimensions in mothers with precocious puberty were significantly higher than those of normal parents (P<0.01) . The total score of social support of mothers with precocious puberty was significantly higher than that of domestic norm (P<0.01) . The scores of quality of life of mothers with precocious puberty were significantly lower than those of domestic norm in the field of physiology and psychology (P<0.01) . Negative correlation existed not only between parental stress and quality of life, but also between parental stress and social support. Positive correlation existed between social support and quality of life. Conclusions The mothers of children with precocious puberty have high parental pressure, high social support and low quality of life. There are correlations among the three dimensions. Offering health education and mental nursing can improve the compliance during the therapy and the quality of life of both children and family. Key words: Social support; Quality of life; Precocious puberty; Children; Mother; Parental stress

To explore the relationship between social support and quality of life (QoL) among family caregivers of persons with severe mental illness (SMI) and examine the mediating roles of care burden and loneliness. A cross-sectional study was carried out between December 2017 and May 2018. A random sample of 256 family caregivers of persons with SMI in rural areas of Sichuan Province, China was recruited for participation. Survey data on socio-demographics, social support, care burden, loneliness, and QoL were collected via in-person interviews. Multiple linear regression analysis and structural equation modeling (SEM) were used to test the hypothesized relationships. The majority (72.7%) of family caregivers of persons with SMI in this study reported having low QoL. Social support was positively associated with QoL and negatively associated with care burden and loneliness. The findings suggested the mediating roles of care burden and loneliness on the association between social support and QoL. The hypothesized model was found to be a suitable model for predicting QoL among family caregivers of persons with SMI. The findings can help inform the design of future interventions aimed at enhancing social support, reducing care burden and loneliness, which may be helpful to improve caregivers' QoL. Future study is required to find a causal path to promote QoL among family caregivers of persons with SMI.

Previous studies on associations between social support and quality of life (QoL) have usually employed a variable-centered approach, without considering individual variances in time-varying changes in social support. This study explores trajectories of social support and whether depressive symptoms mediate associations between social support trajectories and QoL 10 years after an earthquake. Seven hundred and forty-four Chineseadolescents exposed to the Wenchuan earthquake were surveyed on social support at 6-, 18-, and 24-months and depressive symptoms at 30-months postearthquake (T30m ). They provided valid data on QoL after 10 years of the earthquake (T10y ). The latent class growth analysis was used to estimate social support trajectories. Mediation analysis was then conducted to test whether depressive symptoms at T30m mediated associations between social support trajectories and QoL at T10y . Three trajectories of social support were identified: low decreasing (31.6%), moderate decreasing (55.4%), and persistent high (13.0%) groups. Depressive symptoms significantly mediated the effects of social support trajectories (relative to the low support trajectory) on future QoL (95% CIs: 0.70-1.78 and 1.41-3.37 for moderate decreasing and persistent high groups, respectively). Social support shows individual differences over time. Moderate and high social support trajectories improve 10-year QoL partly by reducing depressive symptoms. Therefore, interventions aimed at enhancing social support and reducing depressive symptoms may be more effective in enhancing QoL in the aftermath of disasters.

BackgroundAlthough many studies have explored the correlation between quality of life and survival, none have reported this relationship for specific cancers assessed at distinct time points. This meta-analysis aimed to investigate the impact of pretreatment Global Quality of Life (QOL) and functioning QOL, including physical, social, role, emotional, and cognitive QOLs, on mortality risk in patients with lung cancer.MethodsA literature search was conducted across the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), Scopus, and PubMed databases for articles published between their inception and December 2022. Subsequently, 11 studies were selected based on predefined eligibility criteria to investigate the relationship between pretreatment QOLs and mortality risk in patients with lung cancer.ResultsPretreatment global, physical, social, role, and emotional QOLs were significantly associated with mortality risk as follows: Global QOL (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.08 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.03–1.13); Physical QOL (HR = 1.04 95% CI = 1.02–1.05); Social QOL (HR = 1.02 95% CI = 1.01–1.03; Role QOL (HR = 1.01 95% CI = 1.01–1.02); Emotional QOL (HR = 1.01 95% CI = 1.00–1.03).ConclusionsThese findings underscore the importance of early QOL assessment after diagnosis as well as early provision of physical, social, and psychological support accommodating each patient’s demands.Trial registrationThe International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews registration number CRD42023398206, Registered on February 20, 2023.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to describe the mediating effect of social support and its relationship between distress and quality of life (QoL) of elderly patients with gastric cancer. Methods: 186 elderly patients who visited an inpatient/outpatient at two cancer hospitals were recruited from May 30 to July 26, 2017. Distress, social support, and QoL were measured using structured questionnaires such as Distress Thermometer and Problem list, Perceived Social Support scale, and QoL scale for Korean patients with cancer. The mediating effects were analyzed by a multiple hierarchical regression. Results: Distress was found to have significant negative correlations with social support (r=-.47, p<.001) and QoL (r=-.58, p<.001). There was a positive correlation between social support and QoL (r=.72, p<.001). The influencing factors on QoL were education, recurrence, sleep, dietary problem, distress, and social support. These variables were explained 66% of the variance in QoL. The direct effect of distress on QoL was significant (β=-.24, p<.001) and the indirect effect of distress on QoL via social support was significant (z=-4.14, p<.001). Conclusion: Based on this study findings, intervention programs directed at reducing distress by focusing on bolstering social support is recommended to improve QoL in elderly patients with gastric cancer.

Stress in Egyptian parents of children with developmental disabilities. The moderating effect of social support

This cross-sectional correlation study aimed to develop and test a causal relationship among alcohol consumption, illness perception, social support, fatigue, and functional status among persons with liver cirrhosis. The hypothesized model was constructed based on the theory of unpleasant symptoms and the review of the literature. A stratified three-stage random sampling approach was utilized to recruit 400 persons with liver cirrhosis aged 40 years old and older who visited four hospitals from three regions of Thailand. Research instruments consisted of the demographic data form, Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test Consumption, Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire, Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support, Fatigue Severity Scale, and the Functional Status Questionnaire. Data were collected from May to August 2020. The developed model was verified via a structural equation modeling using SPSS and Mplus program. The study findings revealed that the hypothesized model fit the empirical data and explained 71.3% of the variance of functional status χ2 = 386.458, df = 172, (p =.061), χ2/df = 2.397, RMSEA = .056, CFI = .985, TLI = .981, SRMR = .048. Social support was the most the influential factor affecting functional status by having both positive direct and indirect effects on functional status through illness perception and alcohol consumption (β = .744, p&lt;.001). In addition, illness perception had a negative both direct and indirect effects on functional status through fatigue (β = -.291, p&lt;.001). Alcohol consumption had a negative direct and indirect effects on functional status through fatigue (β = -.231, p&lt;.001). Fatigue had only a negative direct effect on functional status (β = -.218, p&lt;.001). The findings indicated that social support, alcohol consumption, illness perception, and fatigue were important factors influencing functional status among persons with liver cirrhosis. Therefore, further nursing intervention should consider on enhancing social support, reducing alcohol consumption, promoting positive illness perception, and managing fatigue into account to maintain or enhance functional status among persons with liver cirrhosis.

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by symptoms such as pain, inflammation of joints, fatigue, and impaired functionality. Depression and anxiety are common in this population of patients. Research suggests that social support, whether received or perceived, can improve the Quality of Life (QoL) of people with RA. This systematic review examined the relationship between social support and QoL in individuals with RA. Five databases were searched with no restriction on dates. Studies were included if they used validated instruments or interventions and examined the association between QoL and social support in people with RA. Seventeen studies were included in the review, involving 2043 participants aged 18-88. Overall, the findings suggest that positive social support, whether received or perceived, enhances the QoL of individuals with RA, particularly with their mental health and also with some physical symptoms like pain. However, negative social support was found to have the opposite effect, potentially worsening the QoL for those with RA. Fatigue was also identified as indirectly mediating between social support and its impact on participants' quality of life. The review underscores the significance of social support, especially from family and friends, in shaping the well-being of individuals with RA. The findings highlight the need for further research to better understand the specific types and sources of social support that are most beneficial for improving QoL, and for gold standard measurement instruments for QoL and social support in this population.

BackgroundBeing a new parent can be both joyful and stressful. Parenting stress is associated with poorer health and well-being for parents and infant and increased psychological distress. For new mothers, physical and hormonal changes, expectations of mothering and demands of a new baby may cause additional stress. Breastfeeding is promoted as optimal for maternal and infant health, but can have both positive and negative psychological impacts. Formal and informal social support can offset parenting and breastfeeding stress. Source, content and context of support for new parents are important considerations. This study compares two countries with different parenting and breastfeeding contexts, Finland (more supportive) and the UK (less supportive), investigating the role of breastfeeding stress, self-efficacy and social support as predictors of stress and role strain for new mothers.MethodsA cross-sectional online survey was completed by 1550 breastfeeding mothers of infants up to 2 years old, recruited via social media platforms in Finland and the UK. Predictors of parenting stress and strain, including demograpic factors, childbirth experiences, breastfeeding and social support were investigated.ResultsWe found fewer differences between countries than expected, perhaps due to demographic and contextual differences. Women in Finland reported better childbirth experiences, more positive breastfeeding attitudes, and more self-efficacy than in the UK. Levels of parenting stress were similar in both countries. Women in the UK reported more parental role strain, but fewer breastfeeding stressors. Participants accessed more informal than formal supports, including their partner for parenting and facebook groups and family for breastfeeding. Analysis suggested breastfeeding stress and social support had significant direct effects – respectively increasing and reducing parenting stress and role strain, but no moderating effects of social support suggesting support did not change the relationship between breastfeeding and parenting stress.ConclusionsResults have important implications for the provision of breastfeeding and parenting support for new mothers. Simple interventions to manage stress for mothers in the postnatal period could be beneficial and are easily delivered by supporters. As shown elsewhere, socio-economic and cultural factors are crucial influences on parenting experiences.

Social activity as mediator between social support and psychological quality of life among people with rare diseases: A national repetitive cross-sectional study

Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a viral infectious disease and a pandemic since late 2019. One of the factors affecting the quality of life (QoL) and longevity of patients is social support. Social support reduces the effects of stress and calls for effective coping responses in the face of illness. Patients behave better if they have social support. Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the QoL and perceived social support in patients with improved COVID-19 in Birjand, Iran, in 2020. Methods: Using the available sampling method, the participants of this descriptive-analytical study were selected from the list of patients in the health center. A total of 100 patients with improved COVID-19 were included. Data were collected using the demographic information, the Perceived Social Support (PSS) Questionnaire (Kanti-Michel and Zimmet 2000), and WHOQOL-BREF Questionnaire. Data were analyzed by descriptive and analytical tests (one-way analysis of variance and correlation test) using SPSS version 22 at a significance level of P &lt; 0.05. Results: The mean age of participants was 50.08 ± 9.63 years and 44% of the samples were male. The mean score of perceived social support was 52.15 ± 7.62 (out of 60), and the mean QoL score was 86.63 ± 16.72 (out of 100). Also, there was a significant relationship between perceived social support and QoL (P = 0.03, r = 0.21). Conclusions: Our findings showed a significant relationship between perceived social support and QoL. Thus, implementation of interventions to promote perceived social support and QoL by the governments, health care workers, family, and friends is essential.

This Research study aims to investigate the Quality of life, Parental stress and Perceived social support among parents of children with autism spectrum disorder. This was Ex-post facto research design followed by between group research designs would be utilized in studying the relationship between the Quality of life, Parental stress and Perceived social support among parents of children with autistic disorder and to understand the differences between the parents on psychological attributes. The sample of the study consists of 40 parents. The participants enrolled in the study included 40 biological parents (23 fathers; 17 mothers) those who are residing in Bangalore, India. Quality of life was determined using WHOQOL-BREF; Parental stress was determined using Parental Stress Scale of Berry and Jones; Perceived social support was determined using Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS) of Zimet, Dahlem, Zimet & Farley. The Independent t-test results revealed there is no significant difference on the mean scores of quality of life between fathers and mothers of children with autism spectrum disorder, that there is no significant difference on the mean scores of parental stress between fathers and mothers of children with autism spectrum disorder, and also there is a significant difference on the mean scores of perceived social support between fathers and mothers of children with autism spectrum disorder. Pearson product moment correlation results revealed that there is highly significant negative correlation between quality of life and parental stress among parents of children with autism spectrum disorder, there is a highly significant positive correlation quality of life and perceived social support among parents of children with autism spectrum disorder.

The quality of life (QoL) of families caring for children with neurodevelopmental disorders is influenced by the severity of the disorder, family support, and access to specialized services. Parental stress also affects family dynamics and QoL due to the additional demands of care, particularly focusing on the management of activities of daily living (ADLs). This study aimed to analyze the relationship between parents' QoL and stress, involving 46 parents of children aged 3 to 12 years with neurodevelopmental disorders, while also examining the relationship with the performance in ADLs, sensory processing, and executive functioning of children with neurodevelopmental disorders. Significant positive associations were found between factor 1 of the "Assessment of Sensory Processing and Executive Functions in Childhood" (EPYFEI) with perceived stress (r=0.401, p≤0.01), and parents physical component summary (PCS) (r=0.330, p≤0.05). Significant negative correlations were observed between ADL performance and parents' physical component summary (PCS) of SF-12 (r=-0.356, p≤0.05). Conversely, a significant negative association was found between factors 1 and 4 of the EPYFEI and ADL performance (r=-0.392, p≤0.01 and r=-0.660, p≤0.01). Furthermore, a significant positive association was found between parents' perceived stress and the PCS of SF-12 (r=0.471, p≤0.01), and a negative association between perceived stress and parents' mental component summary (MCS) (r=-0.300, p≤0.05). The study revealed that QoL and parental stress are closely linked to functioning in ADLs and executive functioning of children with neurodevelopmental disorders. Interventions to strengthen these areas might improve parents' well-being and QoL. Additionally, it underscores the importance of teaching these parents stress management strategies.

The relationship between social support and quality of life in cancer patients