學習感恩，留住幸福的青鳥－感恩教育推行策略

The objective of this paper is to find out how Positive emotions, forgiveness, resilience and gratitude play a very essential role for a society to act positively. These together are extremely important for mental health and an overall balanced personality. Chronic stress from negative attitudes and a feeling of helplessness & hopelessness can upset the body's hormone balance and deplete the brain's chemicals required for feelings of happiness as well as have a damaging impact on the immune system. This article brings out that how healthy attitude not only helps a person to cope up with the worst circumstances and negativity but to also overcome it with brilliance. Here we have shed light on the importance of positivity for an individual to have better living conditions and hence, a stable society, and we also have discussed how one can have a positive outlook for various difficulties in the current living conditions.

The basic concepts of positive psychology are considered. Their informative communication with optimism phenomenon is analyzed. Disclosure of an entity of optimism, its structure and the functional role can help more deep understanding of positive aspects of human life. Key words: positive psychology, optimism, personal theory of reality, subjective wellbeing, positive personal features, wisdom, health, happy old age, happiness, self-determination of the condition of a Flow, positive emotions.

Altruism/selflessness is not an issue of religions and moral teachings alone. Various researches within positive psychology have shed light on the rich potential of altruism for one's health, happiness and well-being. In line with the previous works, this study aims to explore the potential of altruism in enhancing a crucial dimension of psychological well-being: meaning in life. To this end, the Meaning in Life Questionnaire (MLQ) was used along with the Altruism Questionnaire (AQ). Data was collected from 432 participants from two different countries; India (N=216, 50% women) and Italy (N=216, 50% women), aged between 30 and 60 (Indian Mage = 44.48, SD = 8.66; Italian Mage = 44.24, SD = 7.73). The sample was balanced for education and profession. Findings show that across cultures a higher perceived level of altruism leads to higher level of presence of meaning. However, there was no corresponding negative correlation to search for meaning, as often found in previous studies. Findings show that altruism is a promising pathway towards psychological well-being, underscoring the need of altruism promotion strategies.

This paper provides an analysis of different activities as a new-fangled way of enhancing happiness. From older times to the present age, it is believed that inculcation of good habits requires both conscious effort and practice. Deliberate interventions, programs and workshops can encourage lasting happiness. Activities incorporated in such interventions are proposed by Positive Psychologists and are based on behavioural, cognitive and volitional exercises. Further, many positive psychology studies have implemented and tested specific interventions. Thus, the present research seeks to address the question whether it is possible to teach youth to be happier through a combination of education and practice of multiple exercises and activities.

This study examined how emotional intelligence, self-efficacy, and psychological well-being contribute to students' behaviours and attitudes. Two hundred and forty-two students from a college of education, in Kwara State, Nigeria responded to a set of questionnaires consisting of measures of emotional intelligence (EI), self-efficacy, psychological well-being (i.e. happiness, life satisfaction and depression) and students' behaviours and attitudes Hierarchical regression analyses conducted for each dependent variable showed that emotional intelligence, self- efficacy, happiness and life satisfaction over and above depression predicted students' behaviours and attitudes. This research indicates the need to emphasise positive psychology in improving the positive elements in students proactively rather than retroactively trying to solve problems that emerge in order to improve the quality of higher education.

Positive psychology, as a core subject to the study of people's positive power and positive quality, is intended to cultivate positive personality traits and positive emotions, and to promote the development of inspiring creativity, cooperation, and interest. The study of positive psychology provides a new perspective for our research in the field of education. The “New Curriculum Standards for Junior Middle School English” clearly states: “Students can only maintain the inner driving force of English learning and achieve results only if they have positive emotions in English learning. Negative emotions will not only affect the effect of English learning, but also affect students' long-term development. In English teaching, teachers should pay attention to students' emotions from beginning to end, and strive to create a relaxed, democratic, and harmonious teaching atmosphere. Therefore, how to infiltrate the theory of positive psychology into the frontline English teaching of junior high school becomes especially important. With the advancement of science and technology and the advent of the Internet era, various high-tech information technologies have gradually flourished, and the rapid development of information technology has promoted the reform and innovation of the teaching industry. Wearable technology is the current trend and direction of the information technology revolution. It realizes the interconnection and deep integration of people, machines and objects through the functions of collecting, sorting and analyzing mobile Internet and cloud data. The realization of wearable technology-based wearable technology not only can highly integrate educational resources, improve learning interest, but also enhance the pertinence of teaching, cultivate students' creativity, and realize personalized teaching in “full time, all-round, all fields.” This article explores the integration of wearable devices and junior high school English teaching in the context of positive psychology. First of all, this paper introduces the theoretical basis of the integration of wearable devices with English teaching. Secondly, it introduces the research methods of this paper. Finally, through questionnaires and experimental comparison analysis, it tests the interest of students in learning through the auxiliary teaching of wearable devices, and whether the academic performance has a positive effect.

A grave as the final journey of a person’s life, from a single grave for an individual to a collective grave for a family, explains the changes in the customs of ancestor veneration and the ways of tomb sweeping and worshipping. What is commendable is that when opening one page of the Hakka people’s history of the vicissitudes of life, through the deepening of the concept of ancestor veneration, the Hakka people still preserve the integrity of the descent. From making offerings to the ancestors generation after generation to collective worship by the entire clan, the construction of the family tombs in Meinong revives and unites the entire clan by memorizing the ancestors. Under the guidance of the predecessors, the centripetal force and cohesion of the family are formed. The construction of the family tombs solves the problem of the shortage of burial space, as well as eases the difficulties of traveling back and forth among the various cemeteries. Besides, the family members can have more time and space to gather together when the entire clan venerates their ancestors and sweeps the tombs collectively. On the other hand, the construction of the family tombs in Meinong also presents the power of the family as well as the competitive relationships among the members of the same clan; the explanations of the construction types of the family tombs imply the comparison of financial capability between various members of the same clan. The observations of the kitchens in Hakka residences (called yang-zhai) and the sites of the family tombs (called yin-ju) reveal that the grave has gradually got rid of the stereotypical impressions of gloom and horror it has left on people. The construction types of the family tombs are exactly the same as those of the kitchens. The family tombs are just like the micro-models of the main room and its entrance where both life space and death space are connected and where people are closely linked to the land. Thus, they reflect the descendants’ feelings of gratitude towards their ancestors.In its discussion, this research has included the on-site fieldwork, conducted with literature analysis, as well as participant observations and in-depth interviews that are methods of qualitative research. Take the ”Zhu Family Cemetery” in Meinong as an example - it describes the reasons for the construction of the family tombs in the Meinong Hakka area in details, discusses the history of the Zhu family’s moving to Taiwan and being engaged in cultivation, and states the reasons for the growth and diversification of the Zhu family, as well as its solidarity. In addition, it explores the construction type of the family tomb of the Zhu family cemetery and its cultural implications through literature review and on-site visits and interviews. This research focuses mainly on the veneration of ancestral tablets in the main hall and the grave worship for ancestor veneration to explain how Confucian culture has been internalized by the ordinary people in their beliefs, as well as the concern for humanities manifested in Confucian culture, in the religious beliefs of the small tradition.

Reading the special issue of the American Psychologist (January 2000) on the contemporary, data-based movement of positive psychology was an uplifting experience in itself. Positive psychology seems to emerge as a renewed humanistic approach to the individual and collective potential for happiness, but this time it is strengthened by empirical data and adequate research methodologies. Seligman and Csikszentmihalyi's (January 2000) call for a shift from a disease-oriented science to a science of optimal functioning, well-being, and happiness provides psychology and related disciplines with a noble goal to pursue in the beginning of the new century. Indeed, what can be more positive, rewarding, and fulfilling than studying and facilitating people's happiness? However, transforming therapeutic psychology from a science based on the medical model to a science that emphasizes positive experience and prevention is easier said than done. Although Seligman and Csikszentmihalyi (2000) recognized the domination of the disease model in mental health, they suggested that because psychologists have now found treatments for the majority of psychological problems, they should start studying how to make people's lives even better. They proposed that psychologists could use the same research methods and even the same laboratories that have developed psychology and psychiatry as healing sciences during the past half century to focus on the study of positive psychology, with only a slight shift of emphasis and funding. Although certainly feasible, how easy or likely is that to happen? How can a long tradition of conceptualizing and treating people in psychopathological terms shift to the study of positive functioning? How do psychologists change not only their mind-set of focusing on the negative but also the pathology-based therapeutic practices that are currently empirically supported and embraced by third-party payers? How can psychologists convince the scientific and professional mental health establishment to make scarce monetary and human resources available to positive psychology research and practice? To achieve a major scientific shift to positive psychology (which could complement the dominant disease-oriented focus in mental health), psychologists should reconcile and merge the two foci; this could be best done by gradually infusing positive psychology into current models of psychopathology and treatment. To ease the integration and transition from a psychopathology-focused to a strength-focused approach in therapeutic psychology, programmatic research might be necessary; here are three possible areas of attention:

To examine a model of relationships between feelings of gratitudeand prosocial motivation in adolescents, a survey of 414 high schoolstudents and 191 undergraduate students in Thailand was conductedusing a multi-aspect questionnaire about gratitude. The questionnairemeasured the following constructs involved in hypothetical helpingsituations: (a) perception on gains for a recipient, cost of abenefactor, desirability of the favor, and obligation to give help asthe cognitive variables affecting the feelings of gratitude; (b) thefeelings of gratitude, which include feelings of appreciativeness,indebtedness, and general positivity; and (c) enhancement ofprosocial motivation on recipients as a consequence of gratitude.Results indicated that, in high school and undergraduate students,appreciativeness is the only feeling that showed positive correlationto the enhancement of prosocial motivation, whereas the perceptionon the cost of a benefactor and the gain of a recipient showedpositive correlation to the feelings of appreciativeness. In addition,both groups of students reported more degree of the feelings ofappreciativeness and enhancement of the prosocial motivation whenregarding their father and mother’s help rather than that of friends. Itis also discussed that the feelings of appreciativeness correlated witha concept of respect which probably strengthens the potential ofgratitude in promoting prosocial motivation.Keywords: gratitude, prosocial motivation, indebtedness, adolescents,Thailand

Self-Regulation failure is a root cause of criminality, academic under achievement, compulsive sexuality and fiscal irresponsibility (Voh & Schmeichel). Self-Regulated operations are costly in the sense that they consume a limited resource. People cannot regulate their own actions indefinitely because the energy required for such regulation is finite and get depleted on usage. Hence there is need to replenish this energy to build the lasting strength. Self-Regulated children can delay gratification and suppress their impulse long enough to think ahead of possible consequences of their actions. Consider alternative action that would be appropriate. It has been found that the more we can work with children and very young ones to understand “why they do what they do” then they are better able to articulate the difficulties they get into with relationship and the better they can work beyond those. Hence children should be encouraged to commit themselves to meaningful educational goals, strive to benefit from their educational experiences, monitor their progress towards their goals, make adjustment in their effort when necessary, and establish new, more demanding goals as they accomplish earlier ones. There are different strategies used which are short term lasting. positive psychology Intervention of exposing the children to mindful awareness in what they are doing and why, also giving a gratitude and forgiveness as techniques of thinking and feeling may have a lasting impact on self-regulation which can be proved through further research.

In this article, we analyze the relationship between positive psychology and peace psychology. We discuss how positive emotions, engagement, meaning, personal well-being, and resilience may impact peace at different levels, ranging from the personal and interpersonal to community, national, and global peace. First, we argue that an individual's positive experiences, personal well-being, and personal resilience, as defined in current positive psychology, may in fact contribute to personal and interpersonal peace but can also entail detrimental consequences for other individuals, communities, and nations. Second, we describe how peace psychology contains traces of positive psychology, especially with its focus on the pursuit of social justice. Third, reviewing and extending the concept of community resilience, we outline directions for further conceptual and empirical work in positive psychology inspired by peace psychology. Such work would do well to transcend positive psychology's current bias toward individualism and nationalism and to conceptualize well-being and resilience at the level of the "global community." This extended "positive peace psychology" perspective would have important implications for our understanding of how to overcome oppression and work toward global peace.

This paper aims to elaborate the therapy power of gratitude in the shaping of the altruistic personality. This research used a comparative study of quranic psychology and positive psychology as a reference to explain about therapy power of gratitude. This research used a psychological approach to reveal the influence of the grateful on the meaningfulness of life.The results showed grateful in quranic psychology is a form of recognition of the favors bestowed by God with the submission and obedience according to what has been commanded. Gratitude in quranic psychology can be practiced in the three ways, namely orally grateful, heart, and deed. Gratitude in positive psychology is an emotional positive reaction in response to the receipt of a gift and benefit from someone. Gratitude in this perspective can be practiced personally (be thankful to the people who has given a gift) and transpersonal (expression of gratitude to God who has given many gifts in this world). In quranic psychology, be grateful can be Sufi healing or therapy to cure individualistic attitude into the life of the society. In positive psychology perspective, becoming a thankful person tend to be more generous and humble, if compared with those who never grateful.

Positive psychology has the potential to become a prominent research area in SLA. The field is focused on positive emotion, positive character traits, and institutions that enable individuals to flourish, all of which are major concerns in language learning. The present chapter identifies key trends, such as the move toward studying positive emotions, flow, and learner strengths in SLA, as well as novel conceptual framework called EMPATHICS developed by Rebecca Oxford. The paper also addresses some of the fair and unfair criticism of positive psychology based on the tendency to separate positive and negative emotion, a failure to study individuals in sufficient depth, measurement issues, and an over-reliance on cross-sectional research designs. Two issues in particular, the health benefits of positive emotion and the critique of the 3:1 positivity ratio, are considered in some detail. In several notable respects, the development of positive psychology within SLA already is addressing these issues creatively and proposing solutions. The paper concludes that research into positive psychology in SLA is off to a good start, and is in some ways already ahead of positive psychology more generally.

Background: In the higher education sector, anticipating and fostering positive emotions manifest the view of positive psychology is considered as an essential practice. Aims: The present study aims to identify and statistically validate the different types of students’ emotional indicators. Methods: A survey was carried out in three cities, namely Mumbai, Pune, and Chandigarh of India. A total of 566 valid survey responses were analyzed using exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis. The results of the confirmatory factor analysis demonstrated six sets of emotions measurement indicators, namely anger, disgust, happiness, positive emotions, sadness, and fear for measuring students’ emotions. Results: Further, the results of path analysis showed that happiness, positive emotions, sadness, disgust, and fear had positive effect on positive psychology. Conclusion: Overall, this study highlights the imperativeness of students’ emotional measurement, and the study results provide a deep understanding of both positive and negative emotions measurement, which may further support the overall development of the students, especially in higher education institutions.

The present study aimed at exploring the association between specific linguistic patterns characterising narrative accounts of feeling grateful and envious, and levels of dispositional gratitude and envy, respectively. A convenience and purposive sample of 56 Italian participants was recruited (50% female; Mage = 44,16 years, SD = 16,07). A structured interview was used to collect narratives about the experience of gratitude and envy; as well, measures of dispositional gratitude (GQ-6) and envy (DES) were administered. Specificity analyses were performed through T-Lab software to compare the vocabularies referring to high and low levels of dispositional gratitude and envy, in both gratitude- and envy-related narratives. The results highlight three distinctive elements across narratives, which shed light on the potential diverse nature of grateful and envious disposition in terms of mentalisation processes, perception of social comparison and coping strategies. Limitations and potential implications for future research are discussed.