學校形象管理、公共關係與學校效能關係之研究-以桃園縣國民小學為例

This study is mainly aimed at the research on the reorganization and its influential factor of the elementary schools within the indigenous regions which adopted Miaoli and Taichung Counties as examples to conduct the related survey research. In this study, 245 principals, teachers and educational personnel from Miaoli and Taichung Counties were applied as the samples in order to implement the general survey. In addition, in terms of the methods of data collection, the statistical measures, such as Descriptive Statistical Analysis, Factor Analysis, Questionnaire Reliability Analysis, Independent-samples t-Test, One-way ANOVA, Pearson Product Moment correlation coefficient, and stepwise multiple-regression analysis were used to process the analytic induction. The research findings are shown as follows: 1. Teachers of those indigenous elementary schools in Miaoli and Taichung Counties have a higher level of common consensus for the school reorganization. 2. Teachers of those indigenous elementary schools in Miaoli and Taichung Counties have a higher level of cognition for the influential factor of their reorganization. 3. Teachers of those indigenous elementary schools in Miaoli and Taichung Counties with different sex, status, education background and current job have no significant difference in cognition of reorganization for teachers of those indigenous elementary schools in Miaoli and Taichung Counties. 4. Teachers with different ages of those indigenous elementary schools in Miaoli and Taichung Counties have a significant difference in the cognition of their organization. 5. Teachers of those indigenous elementary schools in Miaoli and Taichung Counties with different sex, status, education background and current job have no significant difference in cognition of reorganization for teachers of those indigenous elementary schools in Miaoli and Taichung Counties. 6. Teachers with different teaching seniority and different ages of indigenous elementary schools in Miaoli and Taichung Counties have a significant difference in the cognition of influential factor of their reorganization. 7. For those indigenous elementary schools in Miaoli and Taichung Counties, their reorganization has significantly influenced by the factors of principal’s leadership, organization member, organizational culture and external environment. 8. For those indigenous elementary schools in Miaoli and Taichung Counties, their influential factors have a significant forecasting capability to their reorganization. 9. For those indigenous elementary schools in Miaoli and Taichung Counties, the influential factors of their reorganization, such as “organization members” and “principal’s leadership”, have the key forecasting function on overall and individual aspect.

The purpose of this study is to explore the correlations among knowledge Management strategy, school-based management and school effectiveness. It includes; (a) to investigate the present status of knowledge management strategy, school-based management effectiveness; (b) to compare the differences among the knowledge management strategy, school-based management, school effectiveness; (c) to probe into the correlation between knowledge management strategy and school-based management, knowledge management strategy and school effectiveness, school-based management and school effectiveness. Some of 44 public elementary schools in Tainan are selected as samples. One way ANOVA, Canonical Correlation, Multiple Regression, Cluster analysis, Discriminant analysis and T-test are applied on the data obtained from questionnaires of the 44 schools. The results show that those schools adopted codificational knowledge management strategy have positive influence on both school-based management ability and school effectiveness. Those schools adopted codificational knowledge management strategy are shown to be better on both school-based management ability and school effectiveness.

Objective To explore the condition of health related quality of life (HRQoL) and its influencing factors of pregnant women during the third trimester. Methods We enrolled 2 017 pregnant women during the third trimester at antenatal clinics of West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University from October 2013 to February 2014. The Chinese Version of Short Form 36 Health Survey (SF-36) was used to assess the HRQoL. Fourteen possible influencing factors including age, nationality and educational background etc. were analyzed by univariate analysis. Multiple linear regression was conducted to analyze the influencing factors of physical component summary (PCS) score and the mental component summary (MCS) score of SF-36. Results ①The scores of eight domains of SF-36 were (63.0±16.6) score of physical function (PF), (51.0±24.6) score of role physical (RP), (69.0±18.1) score of bodily pain (BP), (73.5±17.2) score of general health (GH), (60.9±15.0) score of vitality (VT), (75.4±17.5) score of social function (SF), (72.8±26.4) score of role emotion (RE), and (78.2±12.6) score of mental health (MH), respectively. ②Univariate analysis showed that there were significant differences of PCS scores of four domains in SF-36 among pregnant women in terms of age, body mass index (BMI), living condition and marital relationship (P<0.05). There were significant differences of MCS scores of four domains in SF-36 among pregnant women in terms of age, educational background, current working status, annual family income per capita, living condition, marital relationship, relationship between mother-in-law and daughter-in-law, and paternal smoking during pregnancy (P<0.05). ③The multiple linear regression results showed that the age, living condition and marital relationship were associated with the PCS scores of pregnant women during the third trimester in a sequence of decreasing impact. Older age, less satisfaction with living condition and marital relationship were associated with a lower PCS score (P<0.05). Relationship between mother-in-law and daughter-in-law, marital relationship, living condition, age and educational background were associated with the MCS scores in a sequence of decreasing impact. Older age and better educational background were associated with a higher MCS score, while less satisfaction with relationship between mother-in-law and daughter-in-law, marital relationship and living condition were associated with a lower MCS score(P<0.05). Conclusions Multiple factors are correlated with the HRQoL at the third trimester of pregnancy. Strategies for improving the HRQoL of pregnant women might need to target these factors, such as improving educational background, maintain good relationships with husband and mother-in-law, and so on. Key words: Quality of life; Surveys and questionnaires; Pregnancy trimester, third; Pregnant women

Objective To investigate the relationships of suicide risk and its associated risk factors in adult patients with epilepsy. Methods All 211 adult patients with epilepsy from the epilepsy clinic of the Second Affiliated Hospital,Zhejiang University School of Medicine,were enrolled to evaluate the presence of suicide risk and depressive disorder by using the suicide module and the depressive disorder module of the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI).Demographic variables for age,gender,employment status,marital status,years of education,and seizure factors for age of onset,types of seizure,seizure frequency and epilepsy duration,result of MRI and types of antiepileptic drugs were also recorded.We compared the differences of risk factors between the two groups with or without suicide risk and investigated the relationships between the depressive disorder and suicide risk. Results The suicide risk of the patients was 21.3%（45/211）,and 17.1%(36/211) of the patients had depressive disorder.The suicide risk of the epilepsy patients associated with depressive disorder was 75.0%(27/36)，and the suicide risk of the epilepsy patients associated with no depressive disorder was 10.3%（18/175）.There was statistical difference between the two groups（χ2=74.525，P<0.01）.About 60.0%(27/45) of the patients with suicide risk was accompanied with depressive disorder.As suicide risk increased,the proportion of concurrent depressive disorder elevated.There was significant statistical difference in the rates of depressive disorder among the different suicide risk groups. Conclusions The patients with epilepsy have suicide risk.The suicide risk is higher in patients with depressive disorder. Key words: Epilepsy; Suicide; Depressive disorder; Risk factors; Brief psychiatric rating scale

The Catholic Diocese of Lismore is situated in the north-east coastal area of New South Wales, Australia. Catholic education in this diocese is based on the premise that school and parish work together in partnership for the personal and spiritual development of students. This premise relies on the assumption that teachers and clergy share a common view of the mission of Catholic schools. However, some recent studies highlight a lack of shared vision and indicate that teachers and clergy frequently have different expectations of what Catholic schools should be. This study examines similarities and differences in perceptions of the religious dimension of the mission of Catholic schools among the teachers and clergy in the Lismore Diocese. It identifies areas in which there is a significant lack of congruence. The study also explores the relationships and the quality of partnerships between teachers and clergy and identifies issues that are potential sources of tension. Furthermore, it considers implications for change. Self-completion questionnaires were given to the target population which consisted of all the full time teachers in Catholic schools and all the clergy on active duties in the Lismore Diocese at the beginning of 1997. Subsequent semi-structured interviews were conducted with all the clergy in the group and with thirty two teachers chosen through random sampling. Data yielded little evidence of sustained dialogue between teachers and clergy on issues related to the religious orientation of Catholic schools. Although there were some similarities in the teachers' and priests' perceptions of the religious dimension of the mission of Catholic schools, there was a considerable variation in their perceptions of priorities for these schools. Some of these differences could be linked to teachers' individual relationships with the institutional Catholic Church.;Teachers and priests were found to differ significantly in their understanding of the effectiveness of Catholic secondary schools. The study also found that ecclesiastical language used to describe the mission of Catholic schools is not always understood by teachers who work principally out of an educational context. Moreover, the study found that relationships between teachers and clergy were often hindered by poor communication, lack of clarity with regard to roles and expectations and very different perceptions of the structures and practice of authority. Many teachers believed that clergy were 'out of touch' and unrealistic in their expectations of schools and teachers. Many priests, on the other hand, considered that teachers had generally lost a sense of 'vocation' and religious motivation for their involvement in Catholic schools. Priests were generally more interested in forming partnerships with schools than were teachers in forming partnerships with parish communities. The perception that secondary school communities did not relate to parishes as well as their primary counterparts was widespread among clergy. This study makes several recommendations for the improvement of communication and dialogue between teachers and priests. It also recommends that similar research be carried out in dioceses where the parish-school authority structure differs. As part of this study the initial findings were presented to a significant gathering of clergy and school principals. The resulting discussion led to the proposal of strategies for improvement in communication and partnership. In this way the applied research in the study became an agency of change itself, working in the direction of a better culture of communication and collaboration regarding the religious mission of Catholic schools.

This study investigates the patterns of marriage instability in modern African society, especially Lagos metropolis, and the implications on marriage counselling. Two hundred and fifty married men and women were selected in Lagos metropolis, using purposive and convenience sampling technique. Among the participants were: one hundred and eleven married men (44.4%) and one hundred and thirty nine married women (55.6%) respectively. The mean of the respondents’ age was 39.96, while the standard deviation was 8.44. The major instrument used was marriage instability scale (MIS) constructed and validated by the researchers with a coefficient alpha of .848. Five null hypotheses were tested at 0.05 level of significance. Data collected were analyzed using ANOVA and t-test statistics in testing the hypotheses. The results obtained showed that; there was no significant difference in marriage instability between couples with polygamous family background and couples with monogamous family background. There was no significant difference in marriage instability among couples with different social status. There was no significant difference in marriage instability between couples with different religious background. There was no significant difference in marriage instability among couples with different careers. There was no significant difference in marriage instability among couples with different educational background. The findings of the research have various implications for couples in modern African society; there is need for them to visit a professional marriage therapist for marriage assessment. The findings of the study were discussed and suggestions were made for further studies. Key words: Patterns, marital instability, married couples, polygamy, monogamy.

Abstratc Humility is one of the characters themselves the most fundamental and important to be grown, trained and familiarized with students so that can be applied in everyday life. Humility is needed to acquire other virtues because it makes people aware of the imperfections, dare to admit mistakes and take responsibility for what you have done, and make people try to be a better person. This study uses a descriptive-quantitative methodology to identify the level of humility junior high school students (SMP) will specifically identified on the basis of sex or gender differences. This study used random and purposive random sampling of 64 junior high school students. The study identified 6.3% junior high school students are at a very high level of humility, 48.4% junior high school students are at a high level of humility, 20.3% junior high school students are at a level of humility moderate, and 25% of junior high school students are at low levels of humility. So that the average junior high school students are at a level of humility is high (48.4%). Furthermore, hypothesis testing using two independent samples t shows the t value is 0, 725 with significance 0, 039. Therefore, the significance of 0, 039 <0.05 then it is concluded that there are significant differences between the level of humility boys and women in other words there is a significant difference of humility based on gender . . Keyword : humility, junior high school students

Objective To explore the life quality of postoperative patients after a hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage in the basal ganglia and the factors influencing it, so as to provide evidence for improving the life quality of such patients. Methods A total of 128 patients were studied retrospectively. Their gender, age, occupation, marital status, education level, place of residence and family size were tabulated, as well as whether or not they were living with their children, smoking or drinking alcohol. Their household income was recorded along with their clinical condition during surgery (midline shift, blood loss, operative time, whether a hernia occurred, consciousness, and whether bleeding broke into the ventricles. The SF-36 health measurement scale was used to evaluate the patients′ life quality, and the factors influencing it were analyzed. Results Univariate analysis showed that: (1) Their physiological functioning (PF) and global health (GH) were mainly affected by age, marital status, family size, midline shift, quantity of cerebral hemorrhage, occurrence of herniation, consciousness and whether the hemorrhage broke into the ventricles. (2) Their physiological role (RP) was influenced by marital status, education background, household monthly income, midline shift, consciousness and whether the hemorrhage broke into the ventricles. (3) Pain (BP) was mainly affected by marital status and family size. (4) Social functioning (SF) was closely related to marital status, family size, consciousness and whether hemorrhage broke into the ventricles. (5) Their mental health (MH) was mainly affected by the amount of bleeding, whether they were living with their children, the operation′s duration and whether the hemorrhage broke into the ventricles. (6) Their emotions (RE) were influenced by their consciousness and whether bleeding broke into the ventricles. (7) Their vitality (VT) was affected by their marital status, smoking, consciousness and whether the bleeding broke into the ventricles. Multivariate analysis showed that whether the hemorrhage broke into the ventricles was the most influential factor. Family size was also influential. Conclusions Age, number of family members, whether they are living with their children, and whether hemorrhage broke into the ventricles are all influential in predicting the life quality of survivors of hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage in the basal ganglia. Key words: Hypertension; Cerebral hemorrhage; Basal ganglia; Postoperative patients; Quality of life

Objective To explore the prognostic factors of esophageal cancer patients after operation,and provide the basis for the prevention of esophageal cancer in Shanxi province.Methods The clinical data and follow-up results of 641 patients with esophageal cancer were retrospectively analyzed.Kaplan-Meier methods were used to calculate survival rate and the Log-rank test was used to compare the significant difference between different survival curves.Based on the univarite survival analysis,Cox proportional hazards regression model was adopted to analyze the risk prognostic factors.Results The 1-year,2-year,3-year,4-year,5-year survival rates were 73.92 ％,56.21％,43.75 ％,41.31％,37.52 ％,respectively,the median survival time was 887.56 days.In univariate survival analysis,there were significant differences among the survival of age,work status,income level,tumor anatomic site,differentiation of tumor,depth of invasion,lymph node metastasis,distant metastasis,therapy method,methods of surgical treament,pathology shape,size of tumor,number of lymph node metastasis,family history of upper gastrointestinal cancer (P ＜ 0.05).There were significant differences among the survival of gender,marital status,education years,type of cell,cut margin,family history of esophageal cancer (P＞ 0.05).In the Cox regressive analysis,age,income level,tumor anatomic site,depth of invasion,therapy method,methods of surgical treament,number of lymph node were relevant to the prognosis of esophageal cancer.Conclusions With the deeper of the depth of invasion and the more lymph node metastasis,the prognosis of esophageal cancer is worse.Early diagnosis and treatment is still the main means to lower the rate of death resulted from the esophageal cancer. Key words: Esophageal neoplasms; Prognosis; Risk factors

The purpose of this study was to compare the results of teachers' self-evaluations of their teaching effectiveness with those of their students' ratings in industrial programs of a vocational senior high school in Taiwan. A self-developed questionnaire was administered to 820 teachers and 700 students in January, 2009, with returned responses from 548 teachers and 658 students. Specifically, the teaching effectiveness questionnaire with a total of 29 items has two editions: teacher edition and student edition. Both versions consist of six subscales, with each measuring one of the six factors including teaching self-efficacy, systematic presentation of instructional materials, effective instructional techniques, good teacher-student relationship, good classroom climate, and multiple teaching evaluations. For the teacher edition, the internal consistency a coefficients for the six subscales ranged from .744 to .825, with the overall a coefficient being .941. As for the student version, the internal consistency a coefficients ranged from .763 to .874, with 0.947 for the overall a coefficient. The data were analyzed with t-test, one-way ANOVA and one-way MANOVA. The exploratory factor analysis showed that cumulative variance was 62.92% for the teacher edition and 64.55 for the student edition. In addition, the overall performance of teachers' teaching effectiveness generally was satisfactory. There were significant differences in evaluation of teaching effectiveness among the teachers and their students with different background variables. Finally, for both the whole scale and the six subscales, the students' ratings on their teachers' teaching effectiveness, on average, were significantly higher than their teachers' self-evaluations of their own teaching. Based on the findings of the present study, some conclusions and recommendations were provided for administrative agencies, school authorities, school teachers, school students, and future studies.

Objective To explore the negative emotion in decompensated cirrhosis patients with HBV and its influencing factors. Methods A total of 251 decompensated cirrhosis patients with HBV of hepatic department in Nantong Third People's Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, were extracted from January 2016 to December 2016. They were investigated with the self-rating depressive scale (SDS) and the self rating anxiety scale (SAS) . Results The scores of SDS and SAS of 251 decompensated cirrhosis patients with HBV were (57.34±12.44) and (52.48±8.98) . The incidence rates of depression and anxiety were 66.53% and 56.27%. Pearson correlation analysis showed that there was a significantly positive correlation between the scores of SDS and SAS (r=0.491, P<0.001) . There were statistically significant differences in the scores of SDS and SAS among different ages, sexes, occupations, cultural levels, marital status, monthly income (P<0.05) . There were statistically significant differences in the incidence rates of depression and anxiety among ages, sexes, occupations, cultural levels, marital status, monthly income, medical payment (P<0.05) . Conclusions The scores of SDS and SAS as well as the incidence rates of depression and anxiety are high in decompensated cirrhosis patients with HBV. It should be paid high attention to. Comprehensive measures should be taken to relieve depression and anxiety. Key words: Hepatitis B, chronic; Liver cirrhosis; Anxiety; Depression; Decompensation stage

Extended Abstract 1- Introduction Since the inception of modern bureaucracy, several theories and paradigms were created to explain the factors affecting the productivity, efficiency and effectiveness of human labor. Each of these theories emphasized on the role of different factors affecting the efficiency and effectiveness of human resources. One of the effective variables on the productivity, efficiency and effectiveness of human labor, which has attracted the attention of scientists in recent years, is family wellbeing in family or job performance and occupational health. The new management has found that programs that are designed to strengthen family health and increase job satisfaction and employee empowerment, increase their productivity and job performance, and in turn, improve productivity and performance levels and economic health of organization. Family well-being is defined as emotional, social and economic health of children, parents and families, generally, as well as physical health, mental health, quality of relationships between parents and family members, and also the quality of relationships between parents and children. The researchers showed that the family relation index is strong predictors of quality of occupational life of employees, and there is a mutual relation between the quality of working life and quality of life and relationships among family members. Based on family systems theory and ecological theory about the family, some researchers have indicated that the employee's experience is probably a reflection of the experiences of their families. The aim of this study was to examine the two questions: First, how is the status of family relation index as an indicator of the health of the families of the police? Second, do the police staffs families health influence their job performance? 2- Theoretical Framework Several theories have emerged about the family well-being and its impact on other spheres of life, including job issues in literature related to the quality of family life. In literature related to the health of the family, three theories are more well-known and useful. These theories include: 1. Human Ecological Systems Theory: this theory leads the different levels of systems that make up probable unit of observation and provides the basic assumptions about the exchanges between human resources and the environment; 2. Resources Theory: this theory guides definition of the content of family life, conceptualize the interpersonal resources of exchanges in family relationships, expand the scales, and interprets the results; and 3. Facet Theory: this theory helps translate theoretical concepts into operational measures, and provides data analysis methods consistent with research purposes. 3. Methodology This study was a survey and cross-sectional design. Data were collected from 38 police centers in Yazd province in June and July 2013. The population consisted of Yazd police employee's families and their spouses and managers from different units of Yazd police. Using Cochran formula, 300 people (100 employees, 100 spouses of employees, and 100 officials and commanders) were selected. Measuring instruments were Paterson's job performance questionnaire, and Family Relation Index. Data were analyzed using independent t-test comparison of means and Hierarchical multiple regression. 4- Results & Discussion The results showed that the prevalence rate of deficiency in quality of relation indicator in Yazd selected police families was high. The results showed that 59% of selected families said there was not a favorable relationship among members and their families did not have the favorable characteristics regarding family relations. Also, 41% of police families reported that they had the indicators and criteria of a good family regarding to quality of relationships within the family. There was a significant difference among families with problems in family relationships and family without problems in terms of the quality of employee performance. Also, hierarchical multiple regression analysis showed that family relation index explained for 23.2% of the variance of job performance. 5. Conclusions & Suggestions The signs of failure in family relations, such as lack of concern for the members for each other, lack of enjoyment of family relations, differences and disputes in relationships, feel like a stranger in the family, lack of mutual understanding, and so on was observed among Yazd selected police families. According to these results, the police should increasingly strengthen family relations through the interventional actions, such as the workshops, aimed at enabling people.

Introduction: According to Piaget, children and adolescents pay more attention to films presenting novel and eccentric pictures, different from those of their normal daily life. This research aims at studying the influence of special effects in educational films on learning amount. Methods: In this study, using random cluster sampling method, from among 1777 fourth-graders in state elementary schools in Shahroud, eight classes (250 pupils), and from the practical sciences textbook, four chapters were selected. Eight content-relevant films with and without special effects were also produced. Having displayed the films, the researchers administered a post test including g20 questions (five items for each chapter). The results were analyzed using an independent t-test procedure in boy and girl groups. Results: The results indicated that the mean score of the boys who had seen the films with special effects was 3.64 and that of the boys having seen films with no special effect was 3.65 which do not show any significant difference. However, the mean score of the girls who had seen the films with special effects was 3.52 and that of the girls having seen films with no special effect was 3.29 which shows a significant difference. Conclusion: Creating attractive spaces in films is possible with the aid of special effect techniques, the simplest of which are picture effects such as dissolve, feed and superimpose. These techniques are even simply available on personal computers. Nowadays, computer has changed the society and the learning processes for ever. This study confirms the role of gender in the effectiveness of films with special effects. This fact indicates higher level of excitation in boys, due to their more exposure to computer games and action films.

Public Relations in Global Cultural Contexts: Multi-Paradigmatic Perspectives. Nilanjana Bardhan and C. Kay Weaver, eds. New York and London: Routledge, 2011. 295 pages. $40 pbk.Editors Nilanjana Bardhan and C. Kay Weaver designed the book Public Relations in Global Cultural Contexts as a collection of articles targeting public relations professionals, schools of journalism and international relations specialists, both in the United States and around the world. It is also a noteworthy contribution to the growing body of literature on the impact of globalization on the development of intercultural communication and public relations work. The authors assess these and other issues from a cultural point of view and in the context of what they term a multi-paradigmatic perspective. Thus, the collection of articles brings together contributors from different professional and educational backgrounds, who discuss emerging trends in the PR profession from different angles.Bardhan and Weaver are professors in the Department of Speech Communication at Southern Illinois University and Department of Management Communication at the University of Waikato in New Zealand, respectively. Both specialize in cultural and globalization aspects of public relations. The authors envisioned three main research goals in this book. First, they intended to explore public relations and globalization in a theoretical and unpoliticized way, as they claimed that the phenomenon of globalization has not been addressed in all its complexity. Second, they wanted to explore the concept of culture and its impact on public relations in the context of globalization. Third, they braved questioning dominant models (critical/ cultural models of public glocal strategies, etc.) and beliefs, offering alternative concepts and explanations on the intersection of public relations practice and globalization.In ten chapters, the collective of authors-both scholars and practitioners-discuss the various aspects of public offering a critical perspective in globalization of public identifying intercultural typologies and offering some methodological arguments and directions. The issue of public relations and globalization has been covered quite intensively in Western literature over the past decade (Patricia Curtain and Kenn Gaither, 2007; Anthony Giddens, 2002; Krishnamurthy Sriramesh and Dejan Vercic, 2012, etc.). Yet the authors believe that there is room for shifts within public relations scholarship. They discuss the growth of a critical postmodern paradigm in public relations, including postcolonial scholarship which highlights the western theoretical, methodological and cultural domination in the study of public relations, and they focus on the paradigm in studying the socially constructed nature of knowledge and communication in intercultural interaction in global public relations activity.All chapters in this book represent an attempt to theorize public relations and cultural contexts of globalization using various examples as case studies. For example, Michael Kent and Maureen Taylor argue that ...intercultural public relations is an interpretive communication activity that requires multiple, often simultaneous, frameworks for creating and changing relationships, and review theories of intercultural communication, discussing how different approaches can impact general public and pubic information. …

The Suicide Opinion Questionnaire (SOQ) was administered to two samples of medical school students, from Japan (n = 80 males and 20 females) and the United States (n = 80 males and 20 females). A MANOVA followed by univariate tests indicated significant differences on the Right to die, Normality, and Aggression scales between Japanese and United States students, and significant gender differences on the Religion and Impulsivity scales. No gender by nationality interaction was obtained. An analysis of the individual SOQ items revealed substantial differences between Japanese and United States medical students in their views on suicide.