도로교통안전도 비교평가지수 산정연구

The highway infrastructure traffic safety performance evaluation is unstable and unreliable based on the traffic accident number or rate directly as well as other non-accident method. The principle of traffic accident spatial distribution along a highway and correlation between highway traffic safety performance and accidents positions for a period of time were researched. An accident aggregation indicator (AAI) was established based on the principle. In order to validate its availability, AAI was applied to evaluate infrastructure traffic safety performance of 6 region highway networks in Heilongjiang Province, China by using traffic accident data occurring on them in the period 3 years. The remarkable difference of AAI was found on 6 region highway networks, which proved the feasibility of the evaluation method based on AAI.

In recent years, with the extending highway construction scale in mountain areas, there is lack of traffic safety facilities in some mountain areas. The problems of unreasonable and irregular traffic guarantee engineering construction stand out. Especially in rural highway in mountain areas with complex topography, the traffic accident rates are increasing, causing lots of dead and economic losses. Studying deeply on rural highway traffic safety problems in mountain areas and improving rural highway traffic safety level are the problems that we need to solve urgently. This essay analyzes the law of rural highway traffic accidents in mountain areas and makes a conclusion that the existing problems in rural highway safety managements in mountain areas at present. Based on this, this essay analyzes systematically the influent factors of rural highway traffic safety and a conclusion can be drew that the frequent rural highway traffic accidents in mountain areas not only are caused by bad line type for roads and no security arrangements are set. At last, based on macro-management level, it proposes a series of positive highway safety management countermeasures including strengthening traffic safety education, establishing traffic safety management system, improving passenger transport policy and management system, formulating dangerous sections inspection mechanisms.

Conversation with <scp>R</scp>obert <scp>V</scp>oas

Purpose - Since 2008, A.T. Kearney has published a Global Cities Index (GCI), which has been evaluated in five areas and 27 detailed evaluation indicators, in 60 major cities in 40 countries. In this study, we selected various indicators necessary for the construction of global competitiveness index of local governments in Korea based on the evaluation system of A.T. Kearney. Through the process of indicator selection, normalization, and aggregation using various weights the global competitiveness index of 16 local governments were calculated, compared and analyzed. Research, design, data and methodology - The study selected 13 indicators of 16 local governments to construct the global competitiveness index. In normalization of transforming individual indicators the parametric method of z-score standardization and nonparametric method which is free from the distribution types are used. Nonparametric methods used in this study include rescale with respect to the maximum value, range standardization, and inter-decile range standardization. In aggregation the global competitiveness index was calculated using weights derived from Analytic Hierarchy Process(AHP), Principal Component Analysis(PCA) and Unobserved Components Model(UCM). Results - The rankings of global competitiveness index using various combinations of normalization method and weight-determination method were calculated and compared. The correlation between the ranks was statistically significant, which implies that all measurement methods are meaningful and useful. It was also found that the method of standardization does not affect the ranking of the composite index while the method of determining the weights affects the ranking of the composite index. Although both the PCA and UCM methods have their advantages and disadvantages in determining weights and making composite index, it is judged that individual indicators can be selected by PCA and then the composite index are developed by UCM in terms of the usefulness of the study. Conclusions - The method for aggregating indicators used in this study is designed to calculate the level, ranking, and confidence interval of a global competitive index. Therefore, it enables us to overcome the limitations of simply calculating the level an ranking of a composite index by arbitrary weight. This method is expected to be very useful in other areas of study.

LEE,HOJUN.2017.The public-private partnerships and the fiscal soundness of local governments in Korea,Articles,[Sejong],[South Korea]KDI School of Public Policy and Management,42

The quantity and damage degree caused by the traffic accidents on trunk highways always take the big part in the highway traffic accidents. Now, there are no more and complete evaluation methods for the trunk highway traffic safety. Whats more, the index system is not perfect. Based on the characters of traffic safety on trunk highways and feasible factors of information collection, this article confirms 3-level evaluation index system for 20 evaluation indexes and the evaluation methods for trunk highway traffic safety based on AHP. Taking Xiake Blvd of Jiangyin City as example, this article analyzes and proves the efficiency and feasibility of these methods. The evaluation results can provide the basis for the improvement of highway traffic safety.

Traffic safety system management

Traffic safety is considered as one of the important problems in the development of cities. Thus, a reliable estimation of traffic safety is crucial to be proposed. As predicting outcome indicators, two relative indicators, accident rate per 10000 cars and accident rate per 10000 capita, are introduced in this paper. Based on the theory of support vector machine (SVM), the improved SVM models are proposed. To improve the efficiency of learning, the least support vector machine (LSSVM) is introduced; to improve the model's robustness further, the weighted least support vector machine (WLSSVM) is introduced. As an example, using the traffic safety data collected from 2006 to 2010, the models' effectiveness and feasibility were verified by comparing and analyzing.

The Arizona Department of Transportation (ADOT) recognizes that a new paradigm in highway safety evaluation was brought about by the advent of advanced technologies such as photo log, geographic information systems (GIS), and global-positioning satellite systems. Whereas these technologies are known to serve distinct singular purposes in a highway agency, ADOT has endeavored to explore the possibilities of integrating these technologies for the purpose of providing an all-encompassing perspective of crash history and roadside characteristics in a multimedia display of GIS maps and related photo imagery. The research provides the account of an analytic tool-development process aimed at improving the recognition of highway safety hazards. These hazards might otherwise be apparent if not for the relative complexity of existing relational databases and spatial GIS infrastructure at ADOT. Previous methods of mining data from the ADOT crash databases were limited in functionality as well as in reliability. By promoting the “visualization” of highway safety conditions, the advanced technologies open a wealth of new opportunities in identifying problematic roadside conditions and crash histories. This is expected to lead to an improved economy of implementing safety improvements that are designed properly to mitigate the “real” conditions that can be identified. The research is a companion to the larger, FHWA-sponsored research into establishing a corridor safety-improvement program for Arizona (FHWA Report FHWA-AZ 98-458).

Traffic conflict technique can be applied to quantitatively evaluate highway intersection traffic safety. The present study proposed that conflicts of different severity classes can be used in traffic safety evaluation when accident data are hard to acquire and the sample size of serious conflicts is not large enough. TTC (time to collision) was selected as index to judge the severity of conflicts. One second was determined to be the cut off value between serious conflicts and common conflicts, according to 85% cumulative frequency of TTC. Data of traffic volume and different severity conflicts in three periods of eight highway intersections were obtained to calculate six safety evaluation indices. Method based on gray clustering theory was used to process the six indices and to obtain safety sequence of eight highway intersections. Comparing with traditional method, the present method was verified more applicable.

The comparative safety of pedestrian crossings

Classifications of driving exposure and accident rates for highway safety analysis

With the advent of the era of traffic information technology, traffic data appears to be extremely large, and the traditional way of managing highway crashes has become difficult to adapt to the many implications of the complicated data. In this paper, we design a highway traffic safety assessment system based on crash data mining and modeling. By constructing a visualized highway traffic crash data analysis and mining platform, which is used as a basis to gather traffic crash analysis solutions and build a think tank, a safety assessment system is formed that integrates traffic crash information visualization, crash data analysis and mining technology and comprehensive solutions for crash risk prediction. The system provides crash data pre-processing solutions, crash pattern mining solutions, factor analysis solutions and crash risk prediction solutions. Based on the above solution, the basic framework and seven main functional modules of the highway traffic safety assessment system are designed and implemented. The system achieves systematic and automated data processing, pattern mining, factor analysis and risk prediction, and aims to make highway traffic safety management more efficient.

Highway geometry has a significant impact on road safety, particularly in the shoulder of horizontal curves where vehicle dynamics and driver behavior are changed, and the likelihood of an accident is significantly higher. Highway safety is greatly impacted by shoulder characteristics because of the difficulties these road segments present. Improving road safety requires well-planned and regularly inspected highway shoulders. The association between shoulder characteristics and road traffic accidents has been the subject of several studies on ways to reduce crash rates. In this study, we reviewed the various research works, studied by researchers and discussed about how shoulder characteristics affect highway safety in horizontal curves. This article presents an analysis on the effects of several shoulder types on highway safety in horizontal curves, including shoulder width, shoulder rumble strips, inside or outside shoulders, part-time shoulder use (PSTU), hard shoulder running (HSR), and emergency shoulder use (ESU). This article also summarizes the benefits and limitations of these shoulder characteristics on highway safety. The results of this study demonstrated that the number of overall accidents has significantly decreased due to the implementation of all these shoulder characteristics on highways. This comprehensive analysis will give future researchers a better understanding when they do preliminary evaluations in the specific field.

이 연구는 민관협력을 통한 지방정부의 재난안전체험관 효율적 운영 방안을 제시하는데 목적이 있다. 먼저, 이론적 논의를 통해 재난안전교육 및 민관협력의 개념과 재난안전체험관의 기능을 알아보 았다. 효율적 재난관리체계에 영향을 미치는 레질리언스는 재난안전교육을 통해 강화될 수 있으며, 이를 위해 재난안전체험시설이 필요함을 알 수 있다. 그리고 우리나라 재난안전체험관의 운영 예산및 프로그램 현황을 분석하였고, 외국의 재난안전체험관 운영 사례를 분석하여 벤치마킹에 필요한 시사점을 도출하였다. 미국과 일본의 재난안전체험관은 운영방식과 체험프로그램에 서로 차이가 있으며, 각기 다른 의미의 시사점을 가지고 있다. 먼저 미국의 사례는 민간부문이 재난안전체험관 운영에 적극적으로 참여하고 있다. 다음으로 일본의 재난안전체험관은 각 지역의 자연 재해 상황및 특성에 맞춘 안전체험관 프로그램을 운용하고 있다는 것이다. 이 같은 해외 사례의 시사점을 적용하기 위한 선결조건으로 이 연구는 지역사회 구성원들의 재난안전교육에 대한 관심 제고와 체험관 건립 초기단계 참여, 초&#8901;중등 학생에 대한 안전교육의 의무화 등을 제시하였다.This study aims to suggest the optimal operational plan of safety experience and education center (i.e. safety village) through public-private partnership. Disaster safety education is expected to enhance disaster resilience and the educational impacts could be augmented when hands-on experiences are emphasized during the education process. However, it appears difficult for local governments with limited resources to obtain sustainable budgets to maintain and operate such education facilities. Thus, we reviewed and compared the operational budget and safety experience programs of various safety villages in the US, Canada and Japan and drew out useful benchmarking implications for local governments in Korea. We found that the private sector has been actively engaged in operating safety villages in the US and Canada, while the safety experience centers in Japan offer experience programs tailored to the unique disaster characteristics of each local government. For the improved operation of safety experience and education center in Korea, we suggest compulsory safety education to ensure citizen’s participation and operational sustainability of the center.