Evaluation Method Research on Trunk Highway Traffic Safety Based on AHP

The highway infrastructure traffic safety performance evaluation is unstable and unreliable based on the traffic accident number or rate directly as well as other non-accident method. The principle of traffic accident spatial distribution along a highway and correlation between highway traffic safety performance and accidents positions for a period of time were researched. An accident aggregation indicator (AAI) was established based on the principle. In order to validate its availability, AAI was applied to evaluate infrastructure traffic safety performance of 6 region highway networks in Heilongjiang Province, China by using traffic accident data occurring on them in the period 3 years. The remarkable difference of AAI was found on 6 region highway networks, which proved the feasibility of the evaluation method based on AAI.

In recent years, with the extending highway construction scale in mountain areas, there is lack of traffic safety facilities in some mountain areas. The problems of unreasonable and irregular traffic guarantee engineering construction stand out. Especially in rural highway in mountain areas with complex topography, the traffic accident rates are increasing, causing lots of dead and economic losses. Studying deeply on rural highway traffic safety problems in mountain areas and improving rural highway traffic safety level are the problems that we need to solve urgently. This essay analyzes the law of rural highway traffic accidents in mountain areas and makes a conclusion that the existing problems in rural highway safety managements in mountain areas at present. Based on this, this essay analyzes systematically the influent factors of rural highway traffic safety and a conclusion can be drew that the frequent rural highway traffic accidents in mountain areas not only are caused by bad line type for roads and no security arrangements are set. At last, based on macro-management level, it proposes a series of positive highway safety management countermeasures including strengthening traffic safety education, establishing traffic safety management system, improving passenger transport policy and management system, formulating dangerous sections inspection mechanisms.

With the rapid development of the freeway, preventive work of freeway traffic faces larger and larger test. This paper adopts 1561 cases of traffic accidents in the Jiliao-freeway in past 5 years to find out the factors that affect safety. The study found out some factors which cause freeway traffic accidents, they are time, weather, the number of patrol vehicles and monitoring, age and attribution of the accident driver. The paper studies the management problems and puts forward on the countermeasures and suggestions, especially the problem of freeway traffic police burnout. This problem which involves in freeway traffic accident prevention will reach a new level and lay the foundation for the future research work.

지역단위 도로교통안전도에 대한 거시적 평가는 인구, 자동차대수, 도로연장 등의 거시적 노출변수(Macroscopic Exposure Measures)에 기반한 사고율을 노출지표로 이용하는 것이 일반적이나, 노출지표를 이용한 도로교통안전도 평가에 노출지표들이 미치는 영향이 각기 다르기 때문에 결과적으로 각각의 개별노출지표별 평가시 평가결과가 서로 상이하게 되는 문제가 있으며, 이는 예산투자의 효율적 집행을 위한 교통안전정책의 결정과정에 방해요인으로 작용하게 된다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 최소제곱법 및 가중치를 일정단위로 변화시키는 시뮬레이션을 이용하여 노출지표별 최적의 가중치를 도출하였으며, 이를 종합적으로 반영할 수 있는 도로교통안전도 비교평가지수 산정방법을 개발하였다. 지수를 구성하는 노출지표별 가중치는 인구당사고율이 0.29, 자동차등록대수당사고율이 0.52, 도로연장당 사고율이 0.19로 도출되었으며, 개발된 방법을 적용하여 전국 기초지자체별로 도로교통안전도 비교평가지수를 산정하였다. 본 연구에서 제시한 방법을 통해 노출지표별로 평가결과가 상이해지는 문제를 해결할 수 있으며, 교통안전예산의 투자효율성을 높이기 위한 교통안전정책의 합리적인 결정방법으로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 판단된다. Highway traffic safety evaluation of area on the basis of the accident rate has a limitation, thus its result is dependent on the exposure variables. It works an obstacle to decision making for effective budget execution. In this paper, we developed a methodology of taking simultaneously macroscopic exposure indicators into account in evaluating the safety using least squares method. The weight of exposure indicators to make up of highway traffic safety evaluation index is that accident rate per population, accident rate per registration vehicle and accident rate per length of road is 0.29, 0.52 and 0.19 respectively and calculated the highway traffic safety index of total local governments in Korea. The methodology to calculate highway traffic safety evaluation index proposed in this paper can be utilized in executing the traffic safety policies to increase the efficiency of investment about traffic safety budget.

Alternative method of highway traffic safety analysis for developing countries using delphi technique and Bayesian network

With the advent of the era of traffic information technology, traffic data appears to be extremely large, and the traditional way of managing highway crashes has become difficult to adapt to the many implications of the complicated data. In this paper, we design a highway traffic safety assessment system based on crash data mining and modeling. By constructing a visualized highway traffic crash data analysis and mining platform, which is used as a basis to gather traffic crash analysis solutions and build a think tank, a safety assessment system is formed that integrates traffic crash information visualization, crash data analysis and mining technology and comprehensive solutions for crash risk prediction. The system provides crash data pre-processing solutions, crash pattern mining solutions, factor analysis solutions and crash risk prediction solutions. Based on the above solution, the basic framework and seven main functional modules of the highway traffic safety assessment system are designed and implemented. The system achieves systematic and automated data processing, pattern mining, factor analysis and risk prediction, and aims to make highway traffic safety management more efficient.

A new method for preclinical evaluation of safety of antiarrhythmic drugs is proposed. During chronic stress, class I antiarrhythmic preparations increased mortality of test animals. By contrast, class II-IV antiarrhythmic agents and antioxidants produced no significant effect on mortality of experimental mice. These data agree with published results of multicenter studies.

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Since the evaluation of traffic safety status of urban road intersections is fuzzy and hierarchical, this paper analyzes the occurrence mechanism of traffic accidents at urban road intersections, constructs an evaluation index system for smart traffic safety status of urban road intersections, and proposes an index system based on the analytic hierarchy process and fuzzy theory. Smart traffic safety evaluation method at urban road intersections. The fuzzy theory is used to modify the weights calculated by the analytic hierarchy process to obtain the membership value of each indicator in the evaluation system, and the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation results of the traffic safety status of urban road intersections are determined based on the principle of maximum membership. The study takes an intersection in Chongqing Hi-tech Zone as an example, and uses the index system and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method in this article to evaluate its traffic safety status. Comparing the results with the actual results, it was found that the two are basically consistent, which verifies the effectiveness of the index system and evaluation method proposed in this article, and can provide reference and reference for the smart traffic safety evaluation of urban road intersections.

Roundabouts are increasingly replacing conventional signalized intersections due to their potential to enhance traffic safety and operational efficiency. This paper examines and reviews the safety benefits, design considerations, and evaluation methods for roundabouts. Studies consistently show significant reductions in crashes at roundabouts relative to other at-grade intersection control systems, particularly severe injury crashes, with reductions ranging from 37% to 88%. Roundabouts reduce conflict points, lower vehicle speeds, and improve safety for both motorized and vulnerable road users. The methodology for this paper involved a comprehensive review of literature on roundabout design and safety evaluation techniques. Data from global studies were analyzed to identify key design elements such as geometric layout, signage, and pedestrian provisions, which contribute to roundabout safety. Various safety evaluation methods, including crash data analysis, traffic conflict techniques, and surrogate safety measures, were also assessed for their effectiveness in evaluating roundabout performance. Findings indicate that proper geometric design, clear signage, and the use of innovative features like right-turn bypass lanes and roundabout metering systems can enhance safety and traffic flow. Based on these findings, the paper recommends integrating these design elements, prioritizing the safety of vulnerable users, and utilizing advanced safety evaluation techniques, including simulation modelling and intelligent transportation systems (ITS) to further optimize roundabout performance.

Highway tunnel traffic safety is an important part of traffic safety. With the aging of tunnels, increase in traffic flow, changes in the operating environment and traffic accidents, the many problems started to occur in tunnels, affecting the operational and structural safety. In this paper, we summarize and analyze the types and causes of defects found in the process of tunnel maintenance at home and abroad, and propose corresponding suggestions for the current maintenance of the main structure of highway tunnels.

This study established the highway intersection safety maintenance evaluation system from the demand of highway safety maintenance management. Focusing on the characteristics of intersection safety maintenance evaluation, qualitative and quantitative data collecting methods are put forward and the relative weight of each evaluation object is obtained by employing an optimization algorithm of AHP. Finally, the rationality of the model is verified by the relativity between experts’ scoring and calculated value and the intersection safety maintenance quality is divided into four levels. Intersections are a key point of the highway network. Though intersections occupy only a small part of the whole highway network, traffic accidents occur at a greater frequency at intersections. The safety and management facilities in the functional area of the intersections have a great influence on traffic safety. At present, the main purpose of road maintenance home and abroad is to maintain the good state of roads and the facilities in order to extend the roads’ service life （Ministry of Communications of PRC,2002），（Zhejiang Highway Bureau ，2009）, while the demands of traffic safety are seldom taken into consideration. Therefore, it is necessary to establish a reasonable technical evaluation system to quantitatively evaluate the service level of intersection safety maintenance and management. This study puts forward the structure of the intersection safety maintenance evaluation model and employs an optimization algorithm of AHP to calibrate the relative weight of each evaluation object. The defect of evaluating objects was defined and the procedure to get the deduction value for each single defect was worked out.

Comparison of Multivariate Regression Models and Artificial Neural Networks for Prediction Highway Traffic Accidents in Spain: A Case Study

This study focuses on a safety evaluation method for underground gas storage. Gas storage is usually constructed underground in complex environments, and the service life of such facilities is limited. To ensure the secure and long-term operation of gas storage facilities, safety evaluation has become the focus of management. The present paper provides an effective method for safety evaluation. An index system was established as the foundation of the analysis for this evaluation, and the matter-element extension method was applied to obtain a quantitative evaluation result. For the weight values of each index in the matter-element extension method, this paper presents a comprehensive weight computation method based on vague sets and entropy. By application of this method, the safety level of a gas storage facility in the Jintan salt mines (in Jiangsu, China) was calculated, and the evaluation result was 4.6433, which meant the safety level was V and the underground gas storage was slightly at risk. It indicated that the influence on the overall safety and tightness of this gas storage could be ignored in the operation process, but the frequency of regular monitoring should be increased. The defective indexes were also obtained, such as salt rock cohesion, the roof thickness, the volume contraction ratio, the interlayer content, the height of the casing shoe and the adjacent cavity pressure difference, which need to be monitored and modified. This paper evaluated the safety of the underground gas storage from a unique perspective. It is expected that the results of this research will contribute to the maintenance and operational decisions, and provide a reference for management in the energy industry.

China had experienced an enormous increase of traffic crashes as a result of the country's rapid growth of vehicle and highway mileage, now although traffic accidents have been greatly declined due to the promulgation and implementation of road traffic regulations, the mortality of traffic accidents is still high, so it is necessary to study the road traffic safety. Many studies have explored, to date, the issue of the traffic safety evaluation of road. But few analyse the cause of traffic safety related to inherent safety theory use in urban. The paper seeks to build an evaluation model of private cars, coaches and trucks from the perspectives of inherent safety. The evaluation index of traditional model traffic system has been built from the perspectives of human, vehicle, road and environment, this paper is based on the theory of inherent safety, the environment of different traffic carrier in which is different, and the drivers of different traffic carrier is also different, Therefore, by dividing the traffic carrier and using the theory of inherent safety to calculate the inherent safety impact factors of private cars, coaches and trucks respectively. Two methods are used for safety evaluation. The first method is based on the evaluation index and model established from the perspective of inherent safety. The second method is calculated by the traditional fuzzy matrix method. Finally, a comparative analysis of the two methods is carried out. It is possible to reduce the three types of road traffic accidents using the method, and in hopes of achieving an even safer traffic society in China.