A decomposition algorithm for organic solid waste supply chain optimization under uncertainty

For winning the competition, every entrepreneurs have to compete on supply chain. Tani Sejahtera Farm (TSF) is a distributor which cooperates with farmers in distributing organic rice in its supply chain. TSF had problems in coordinating product, financial, and information flows along its supply chain. This research aimed to analyze the condition of organic rice supply chain and its performance. The amount of samples were 14 samples which were all members of organic rice supply chain. FSCN (Food Supply Chain Networking) Framework was used for analyzing the condition of organic rice supply chain. Asset management efficiency approach was used for analyzing its performance. Organic rice supply chain had a network form. From the six elements, the condition of organic rice supply chain had not been good, especially in supply chain management, business processes and its overall performance. Supply chain management had not been implemented well in this supply chain. Its transaction system made TSF difficult to turn its capital back. From its business process, the financial and information flow had not been fluent. Its cash asset management performance had not been well also because it was too long for TSF in collecting its capital.

PurposeSince the implementation of the National Organic Program in 2002, the US organic market has grown in both scale and scope, consequently placing pressure on the organic supply chain. The crucial role of matching consumer demand for final products with farm-level production falls to certified organic handlers, the intermediary firms that process, manufacture and distribute organic products. Locating certified organic commodities and products that meet their needs, in a timely manner, is costly and challenging. The paper aims to discuss these issues.Design/methodology/approachA mixed-methods study was designed to better understand organic sector supply chain relationships in the USA. Data were collected from certified organic handlers via survey and semi-structured interviews. Those interviewed were randomly selected from 153 survey respondents who expressed an interest in being interviewed. This paper presents an analysis of interviews with 26 certified organic handlers regarding the relationships with their suppliers.FindingsThree key concepts characterize the relationships between handlers and their suppliers: closeness, support and commitment. Nearly all handler supplier relationships possess some degree of closeness, where the handler expresses interest in their supplier. The relationships follow a spectrum of intensity, where the least engaged handlers provide little support and commitment, and the most engaged handlers provide support and commitment through a long-term relationship or contract.Originality/valueResearch into the organic supply chain is challenging to undertake, given the proprietary nature of the relationships. As the organic market continues to grow, the relationships along the supply chain will need to evolve to allow firms to meet consumer demand.

Purpose The organic reconfiguration in supply chain practices significantly varies with restaurant types, customers and the extent of the degree of serving organic food. The purpose of this study is to develop a quantitative application to measure the degree of serving Organic Food for Restaurant Supply Chains. Design/methodology/approach The detailed semi-structured interviews, onsite visits and secondary customer reviews of 60 restaurants of different sizes, locations and cuisines from India are used to explore typologies of organic supply chains. In the second stage, an approach for evaluating the degree of organic food serving is developed on the basis of Supply Chain Operations Reference (SCOR) attributes, and differences between typologies are statistically tested using non-parametric Mann–Whitney U-test. Findings The results show that the degree of serving organic food differs with the type of restaurants across SCOR attributes. Based on the variations in SC practices, the work presents two types of restaurant supply chains – Organic Food Enthusiast (Type-I) and b) Village Voyagers (Type-II). The difference between the degree of serving organic food for the “Make” and “Enable” attributes is statistically insignificant. Despite variations in the strategic positioning, customer type and geographical context, both the organic supply chains tend to preserve their core making process. Practical implications The degree of serving organic food for each individual element of the SCOR model can be used by practitioners and managers to identify specific problems and opportunity areas where practical actions could be defined and taken to improve the organic food-based supply chain reconfiguration. Originality/value This paper proposes the quantitative approach to evaluating organic food serving capabilities of restaurant supply chains. Further, it empirically demonstrates the typologies of organic food serving supply chains.

Supply chains are formed due to the need of farmers, wholesalers, retailers, supermarkets, and consumers. With a large number of agents in the organic lettuce production starting from the farmers up to supermarkets, it turns out that supply chain management has not proceeded well. Each agent has still no-good cooperation and relationship because they only work and focus on their own goals. Information desired by consumers only reaches the retailers, not up to the farmers as suppliers. This research was aimed to identify the structure of organic lettuce supply chain flow, to analyze the performance of organic lettuce supply chain management, and to formulate alternative solutions for the management performance improvement in the organic lettuce supply chain. The results showed that the agents of the supply chain in the flow of information have not flowed perfectly and completely. Improved and better supply chain management performance is highly required at wholesalers and retailers.

Vegetables are a potential commodity. Pakcoy is one of the commodities have high deman. Because of high demand, quality assurance, insufficient supply and delivery that is not on time are the causes of the inefficient performance of Pakcoy's supply chain. Therefore, this study aims to identify and study the organic pakcoy management chain in the Brenjonk Organic Community. Respondents in this study were organic pakcoy farmers in the Trawas and Pacet areas, Brenjonk Organic Community, PT Y, and supermarkets. This research was conducted by using descriptive analysis method of Food Supply Chain Networking (FSCN) framework, trading system analysis, and descriptive analysis using attribute suitability. Discussion on organic pakcoy supply chain management at the Brenjonk Organic Community using the FSCN framework for chain analysis, business chain processes and supply chain performance analysis. Chain goals include market targets, development goals, and partnership development. Based on the results of this analysis, the management of the organic supply chain has not been going well because the supply chain is still too long.

World agricultural sector has seen shifting significantly by suitably using e- technology. A good number of studies have been conducted on agriculture and food security. The growth rate of world organic farming or business increases to more than the growth rate of traditional agriculture. In Bangladesh the pace of growth of organic agriculture is insignificant. The organic agriculture or organic supply chain in Bangladesh was scarcely studied. Hence, an intensive study is needed for the organic agriculture industry to pursue the organic supply chain that leads to a promising growth of organic business. A great deal of research has been conducted to explore the factors that may influence the organic supply chain and growth of the organic business. This study aims to explore the influence of e-technology and the dynamics of the actors on the organic supply chain enhancing the growth of the organic business. By collecting data (primary data) using self-administrated questionnaires the research work was evaluated. A total of 389 responses from the organic agriculture industrial actors, consumers, and transporters were collected using stratified random sampling methods. To inspect and analyze data, Path Analysis and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) techniques were used with AMOS. The research objectives of this study were accomplished and research hypotheses were supported. The results of the study indicated that the proposed model provided a good understanding of the factors influencing the organic supply chain. From the result, it was revealed that e-technology and dynamics of the actors of the organic supply chain influences the growth of organic business. This study theoretically offers useful information and collected data might help to further research relevant to the organic supply chain and the impact of factors and e-technology of the organic supply chain from various aspects.

Driven by the pain points of the organic food supply chain, which has been plagued by counterfeiting and difficulties in pursuing accountability, this paper investigates a secondary organic food supply chain consisting of suppliers and retailers and establishes two supply chain models under the traditional model and in the blockchain traceability context. In order to effectively solve the problem of unrealized Pareto improvement in organic food supply chain after applying blockchain, a new hybrid contract based on benefit‐sharing and cost‐sharing is designed to coordinate the supply chain and realize Pareto improvement, and this solution is gradually applied to organic food enterprises. Based on the fact that blockchain can improve trust in the supply chain and eliminate counterfeiting of organic food, the relationship between the rate of genuine products and market demand and the cost of blockchain is established, and then the analysis is developed using the Stackelberg game. We compare the traditional model with the model in the blockchain context and analyze the optimal profit of each supply chain entity, comparing the change in optimal profit before and after the blockchain implementation, and clarifying the cost threshold of the blockchain technology input application. We find that: (i) The adoption of blockchain can not only improve the authenticity of products and combat counterfeit and shoddy organic food, but at the same time, the improvement of organic level in the context of blockchain will also attract some consumers to buy organic food, which will increase the main body of the supply chain and the overall profit. (ii) Blockchain‐adopted supply chains are consistently more profitable for all parties and overall than traditional supply chains. The main contribution of this study is that in the organic food supply chain under the application of blockchain technology model, by introducing revenue‐sharing and cost‐sharing contracts, the profit between each member of the organic food supply chain is further improved than the traditional model, and also, all of them are optimized, which further improves the stability of the supply chain and brings the supply chain to a coordinated state. Finally, in this context, the obtained results show the effectiveness and realistic operational efficiency of the proposed approach for companies compared to traditional single revenue‐sharing covenants. A combination of revenue‐sharing and cost‐sharing covenants is the best approach to solve such problems. In conclusion, it should be noted that the analysis presented in this study will help decision makers choose the most appropriate option among the possible solutions according to their criteria. This proposed framework can also be extended in various cases where profits are out of balance in the organic food supply chain, such as safety and value gain.

Background: The transformation from traditional to sustainable organic farming systems presents significant challenges with varying development patterns across geographical contexts. Sathing Phra Peninsula in Southern Thailand represents a unique case where organic agriculture covers only 0.31 per cent of rice cultivation area yet demonstrates distinctive adaptations. Despite growing organic agriculture literature, research on coastal peninsular organic rice systems remains limited, creating knowledge gaps for location-specific development strategies. Methods: This mixed-methods study was conducted in Sathing Phra Peninsula, covering four Songkhla Province districts. Data collection involved two phases: Examining organic rice supply chain structure using snowball sampling with 52 informants analyzing marketing patterns from 47 certified organic rice farmers through in-depth interviews and observation. Analysis utilized descriptive statistics, cluster analysis, content analysis SWOT analysis. Data validity was ensured through triangulation, member checking expert review. Result: The study revealed a centralized supply chain where farmers and small-scale operators conduct all stages from production to distribution, with no specialized processors found. Three farmer groups emerged: Traditional Marketers (51.06 per cent) selling paddy rice through conventional channels, New Marketers (31.91 per cent) adapting to diversified systems and professional entrepreneurs (17.02 per cent) with superior marketing capabilities. Despite 95.74 per cent producing to organic standards, vulnerabilities include low bargaining power (72.34 per cent depend on intermediaries), lack of branding (74.47 per cent have no product names) and limited online adoption (19.15 per cent). SWOT analysis identified four strategic approaches encompassing value addition, capacity development, strength-based defense and integrated weakness-threat reduction for sustainable organic rice marketing development.

Appropriate value creation processes play a key role in the success of organic food supply chains in terms of effective response to consumer requirements and sustainability goals. In this study, we explore key drivers for value creation in the organic food industry, taking the Spanish organic olive supply chain as a representative case study. A business model survey was conducted with the participation of a highly qualified panel of experts to provide innovative options for value generation in the organic olive oil industry. Elicited expert judgements relate to the identification of the potential sources of adding value along the supply chain as a whole and among its different actors, as well as the factors that influence positively and negatively the adding-value formation. Findings contribute new ideas and pathways to develop innovative, effective and sustainable business models capable to generate value for companies, customers and the society as a whole. Results can be readily applied in real-world case studies to improve existing company business models.

This chapter presents the evaluation of three organic tomato supply chains in Catalonia (Spain): the Local and Global supply chains, and a Mixed supply chain. The evaluation is based on a set of multidimensional indicators derived from different narratives: Commodity, Environmental and Livelihoods. In so doing, we identified the main challenges when implementing the supply chain approach, and propose some recommendations for its application. The supply chain approach proves to be very useful in identifying the critical points at which to intervene and/or improve the performance of food supply chains, but presents some disadvantages when it is used to compare the sustainability of food supply chains. Finally, we show that organic production is not enough to achieve a sustainable food provision system, and the context and the food supply chain in which organic food is commercialised also determine the sustainability of organic food production.

This study evaluates the antecedents and consequences of supply chain risk management capabilities. Informed by the information processing theory, we conceptualize supply chain disruption orientation as an organic control and supply chain visibility as a mechanistic control. Both control mechanisms build the information processing capacities, which need to fit with the information processing requirements imposed by disruption impact during the adverse supply chain disruptions in the wake of the Coronavirus Covid-19 pandemic. When the fit is realized, supply chain risk management capabilities will be improved. This study also examines the role of supply chain risk management capabilities in bolstering supply chain resilience to the catastrophic occurrence. Our findings indicate the fit between information processing capacities and requirements enhances supply chain risk management capabilities, which, in turn, result in enhanced supply chain resilience.

This research focused on examining the impact of electronic technology and the roles of different stakeholders within the organic supply chain, aiming to boost the development of organic businesses. Despite the global surge in organic farming, Bangladesh lags in this area, with minimal research on its organic supply chain. To address this gap, the study gathered primary data via self-administered surveys from 389 participants, including industry players, consumers, and transporters in the organic agriculture sector, using stratified random sampling. Techniques like Path Analysis and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM), facilitated by AMOS software, were employed to scrutinize and interpret the data. The study achieved its goals, validating the hypotheses that e-technology and stakeholder dynamics significantly affect the organic business's growth. This research not only provides valuable theoretical insights but also contributes data that can aid future investigations into the organic supply chain, particularly the effects of various factors and e-technology on it.

Blockchain and edge computing technology enabling organic agricultural supply chain: A framework solution to trust crisis

The purpose of the presented research is to analyze the prospects of piggyback in improving the efficiency of or-ganization of agricultural supply chains to the world market. Ukraine is characterized by a high level of logistical com-ponent in transportation of agricultural products, which actualizes the issue of managed transformations in this field. The arguments and counterarguments on the viability of the strategy of using piggyback in the practice of build-ing a supply chain in the context of the agrarian market are analyzed. The basis of the formation of the author's vision is based on the criterion of economic feasibility. Attention was paid to the potential of piggyback in mitigating the situa-tion in the organization of agricultural supply chains by reducing: the need for storage capacities, expanding the range of exporting entities, smoothing the situation of shortages of hopper wagons. At the same time, the actual updating of the piggyback mechanism is connected with the change of the structure of Ukrainian agro-export, in the transition from the practice of raw material appendage to the strategy of creation of production chains with high added value. It is noted that the key feature of agro-logistics is the objective need to form highly specialized segments within it. Each group of a wide range of agricultural products requires an individual, non-uniform approach in the logistics of intermodal trans-portation. Piggyback is recognized as a promising direction for the development of the logistics services market in Ukraine. However, their implementation in the practice of organizing agricultural supply chains has objective limita-tions. The segment agricultural group where piggyback is economically viable includes high-value elite agricultural products with a small average export batch, as well as high value-added agro-industrial products. Key words: world market, piggyback, supply chains, international logistics, agricultural products, exports.

The organic rice supply chain in Indonesia, particularly in Banten Province, is characterized by high complexity and the involvement of multiple actors, which creates challenges related to transparency, traceability, and product authenticity.These issues reduce consumer trust and complicate regulatory supervision in organic farming systems.This study aims to design and evaluate a blockchain-based traceability model to enhance transparency, ensure product authenticity, and support food safety compliance in the organic rice supply chain.This research employs the Design Science Research Methodology (DSRM), encompassing problem identification, objective definition, artifact design and development, demonstration, and evaluation.Data were collected through interviews, field observations, and Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) involving organic rice supply chain actors, government regulators, and experts.The proposed model was empirically evaluated using Partial Least Squares-Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) based on responses from 220 participants.The resulting Organic Rice-Supply Chain Traceability (Organic Rice-SCT) model integrates farmers, farmer cooperatives, business actors, retailers, consumers, and government agencies within a blockchain-based system supported by quick response (QR) code technology.The findings indicate that operational excellence, cultural suitability, environmental conditions, quality assurance, and organizational resources significantly influence blockchain adoption.Conversely, data management, supply chain integration, technology maturity, and knowledge management show no significant effect.The model demonstrates its capability to improve supply chain visibility, reduce information asymmetry, strengthen regulatory oversight, and support compliance with Fresh Plant-Based Food (Pangan Segar Asal Tumbuhan, PSAT) certification.In conclusion, this study provides a validated blockchain-based traceability model that enhances transparency and trust in organic rice supply chains.Practically, the model supports stakeholders and regulators in ensuring food safety and product authenticity, while theoretically contributing to the literature on blockchain adoption in sustainable agricultural systems.