A low-voltage body-driven CMOS transconductor

Synchronously launching lots of projectiles to form barrage against missile is necessary in some occasions . This paper presents four new concept of electromagnetic rail launchers volleying projectiles powered by single high-power pulsed power supply, named respectively as multi-barrel parallel, common armature, multi-barrel serial, armature serial. This paper gives their work principles, equivalent circuits for analysis in theory, basic equations, and compares them with each other. At last it is indicated that these inventions are significant and valuable for the development of electromagnetic launch technology and science, and they have a lot of potential applications.

We present an efficient coherent source widely tunable in the mid-infrared spectral range consisting of a commercial picosecond Yb-fiber laser operating at 80 MHz repetition rate, a synchronously-pumped OPO (SPOPO) and differencefrequency generation (DFG) in AgGaSe 2 . With an average input pump power of 7.8 W at 1032 nm and at 80 MHz, the SPOPO outputs are tunable from 1380 to 1980 nm (Signal) and from 2.1 to ~4 μm (Idler) with pulse durations between 2.1 and 2.6 ps over the entire tuning range. After temporally overlapping Signal and Idler through a delay line, the two beams are spatially recombined with a dichroic mirror (reflecting for the Signal in s-polarization and transmitting for the Idler in p-polarization), and focused by a 150 mm CaF 2 lens to a common focus. For DFG we employ an AR-coated 10- mm thick AgGaSe 2 nonlinear crystal cut for type-I interaction at θ =52°. The generated mid-infrared picosecond pulses are continuously tunable between 5 and 18 μm with average power up to 130 mW at 6 μm and more than 1 mW at 18 μm. Their spectra and autocorrelation traces are measured up to 15 μm and 11 μm, respectively, and indicate that the input spectral bandwidth and pulse duration are maintained to a great extent in the nonlinear frequency conversion processes. The pulse duration slightly decreases from 2.1 to 1.9 ps at 6.7 μm while the spectral bandwidth supports ~1.5 ps (~10 cm -1 )durations across the entire mid-infrared tuning range. For the first time narrow-band mid-infrared pulses with energy exceeding 1 nJ are generated at such high repetition rates.

A PIN/JFET using an InP‐based material for receiving an optical signal at a wavelength of 1 μm has been developed. From a practical viewpoint, operation using a single power supply is desirable. In this study, an opto‐electric integrated circuit (OEIC) composed of a PIN/PD, JFET, feedback resistor, etc., was fabricated on a semi‐insulating substrate and then the characteristics of each component were evaluated. The pinchoff voltage and cutoff frequency of the JFET were 1.2 V and 900 MHz, respectively. The transimpedance in operation was 965 ft, which was almost the same as the feedback resistance. When the power supply voltage was 5 V, the 3‐dB cutoff frequency was 220 MHz, indicating that operation using a single power supply is feasible. The 1/f noise of JFET was 20 nV √Hz and the receiver sensitivity was −24.1 dBm. High reliability could be ensured by employing a 50‐hr THB screening test.

A low-voltage single supply CMOS electrically erasable read-only memory (CMOS-EEROM) is described. It combines long-term charge retention and the possibility of being read, written, and erased from a single power supply. Negative write and erase voltages are generated on-chip by voltage multipliers. It is shown that writing by avalanche injection and erasing by Fowler-Nordheim emission, are compatible with the low power output associated with these multipliers. In order to reduce the programming voltages below 40 V, injection oxide thickness is locally reduced by one additional photolithographic step compared to conventional silicon-gate CMOS technology. The influence of this oxide thickness and of polysilicon doping on write and erase characteristics, endurance, and charge retention are analyzed.

As large arrays of actuators become increasingly common in smart structures, many systems do not have enough power supplies to control each actuator individually due to design, weight, or cost constraints. This issue can be addressed by grouping multiple actuators together and powering each group with a single power supply. As this is done, it is important to determine which actuators to group together. For best performance, the grouping of actuators must be optimized. Currently, genetic algorithms and other heuristic algorithms are used to determine this grouping, but a global optimum is not guaranteed. In order to accurately group the actuators and guarantee that the global optimum is found, we have developed a new method to achieve such purpose — the En Masse Elimination (EME) technique. This is an optimization algorithm used to determine the grouping of actuators when there is a constraint on the number of power supplies, specifically when there are more actuators than power supplies present. The first step in this method is for a solution that satisfies the power supply limitation to be found. The required control authority is determined for this solution. Next, some actuators are grouped while the power supply constraint is temporarily relaxed for all the other actuators. If the control authority of this solution is no better than the control authority of the acceptable solution, than large areas of the design space can be eliminated. This process is continued until the entire design space has been searched, and the global optimum is found. Unlike other methods, the global optimum is found without having to examine every possible combination. In this paper, a detailed explanation of the EME algorithm is given and the efficacy of this method is demonstrated. An example consisting of a beam with static deformation, multiple actuators, and varying constraints on the number of power supplies is used to illustrate the concept.

A novel, widely-tunable, substrate-integrated-waveguide (SIW), dual-mode resonator with mode-independent frequency tuning is presented. The first mode has a 94 % tuning range, from 1.7 – 3.3 GHz with a measured quality factor $(Q)$ from 150–400. The second mode can be tuned to be lower or larger than the first mode with better than 27% tuning range while maintaining a $Q$ higher than 260 over the entire range. A second-order reconfigurable bandpass filter is designed utilizing a single dual-mode resonator. The filter is based on a doublet-configuration with a tunable center frequency from 2–3.2 GHz and a controllable finite transmission-zero that can be located on either the upper or the lower side of the passband. The filter has an insertion loss better than 1.1 dB over the entire tuning range.

With growing of applications of the embedded system technology to mobile systems, energy efficiency is becoming an important issue for designing real time embedded systems. One of the possible techniques to reduce the energy consumption is the Dynamic Voltage Scaling (DVS). DVS utilizes the slack time and adjusts the supply voltage so as to reduce the energy expense. However, how to optimally adjust the supply voltage is a NP hard problem. This paper focuses the combinational optimization problem, namely, the problem of minimizing schedule length with energy consumption constraint and the problem of minimizing energy consumption with schedule length constraint. These problems emphasize the tradeoff between power and performance and are defined such that the power-performance product is optimized by fixing one factor and minimizing the other. We propose the analytical result which gives the variation factor of each power supply which depends on the workload and provides the same power supply while meeting the constraints. We address to the use of genetic algorithm to schedule the tasks and then find the optimal power supplies and determine the schedule length on the multiprocessor system.

Fiber Bragg grating is widely used in optical fiber applications as a filter or a sensor due to its compact size and high sensitivity to physical conditions, such as temperature and strain. The purpose of this chapter is to describe the implementation and characterization of two tuning methods for optical fiber Bragg gratings, varying the temperature or the length of the fiber. Among the methods using mechanical deformation, compression of the fiber by bending a flexible sheet aggregated with the Bragg grating has shown very interesting tuning results, reaching 19.0 nm with minimum reflection bandwidth variation over the entire tuning range. Stretching the fiber has presented several drawbacks, including breaking of the fiber and a lower tuning range of 4.9 nm. Temperature tuning technique presents good linearity between tuning range and temperature variation but at the cost of a low tuning range (0.4 nm) and a permanent high current electrical source.

A high precision and output stability of the AC sine wave online uninterruptible power supply (UPS), the design is intended to demonstrate the advantages and disadvantages of the circuit design, get relevant data, so the output of 24 V switching power supply instead of the battery. In the selection of power supply circuit, the characteristics of one-way conduction of the transistor are used. When the 36 V power supply is supplied, the standby power side voltage is only 24 V, and the subsequent electricity is supplied by the power side. When the power side is cut off, the 24 V standby power supply (i.e. energy storage device) side becomes the high voltage side, and the transistor turns on to achieve the purpose of instantaneous switching. The inverter circuit based on the EGS002 inverter driver board and the power electronics converter technology, has the functions of stable output, low distortion rate, visual output data, etc., so that the uninterruptible power supply can output the single-phase sinusoidal alternating current with the frequency of 50 ± 0.2 Hz, 30 V ± 0.2 V.KeywordsUPSRectifierInverterEGS002

Efficient extension of the tuning range of a 1.09-1.95\mu parametric oscillator to 0.435-0.975\mu by upconversion and doubling internally to the oscillator cavity is reported. Unlike previously studied external mixing, internal upconversion and doubling yielded uniform powers of 30 and 60 kW, respectively, over the entire extended tuning range with an unfocused 2-mm ruby laser pump beam of 750 kW.

The main problem restricting the development of electric vehicles is that the on-board power supply system needs to meet the requirements of both high power density and high energy density, and a single power supply cannot meet this demand. Therefore, a hybrid control strategy of logical threshold control and fuzzy control is proposed to reasonably distribute the power between lithium battery and ultracapacitor. Logic threshold control is used when electric vehicles are braking and fuzzy control is used when they are accelerating. The NEDC (New Europe Driving Cycle) Cycle condition was simulated by using Matlab /Simulink simulation software. The simulation results show that the proposed control strategy can reasonably distribute the output power of the lithium battery and the ultracapacitor, and improve the energy use efficiency.

While the conventional methods are based on sinusoidal excitations to parameterize the loss of magnetic components, recent studies have justified the characterization directly through large-signal, rectangular excitations, as are experienced in typical power electronics converters. The Triple Pulse Test (TPT) has been proposed previously for this purpose as a discontinuous procedure to characterize the high-frequency loss of magnetics. The excitation circuit used to deliver the TPT is advanced in this paper by removing the need for two external power supplies. Instead, a single power supply is connected to a voltage-offsetting input stage which uses a novel implementation of a half-bridge circuit to deliver a controllable offset between two capacitor banks. This dc-link offsetting circuit can compensate the asymmetric voltage drops on the power devices and delivers rectangular voltages with symmetric amplitude to form closed BH loops on the device under test. The aim is for the integrated testbed is to deliver the TPT autonomously, iterating over several operating points, to generate a loss map of one magnetic component. This testbed could subsequently aid the manufacturer of magnetics to shift from material-based datasheet to component-based, which will enable the end users to model high-frequency magnetics more easily and accurately.

A four-quadrant analog multiplier circuit, for low voltage supply, is presented. Its advantages are as follow: it can be operating on low voltage supply, it can use either a single power supply or two power supplies, and all transistors used are the same dimension. Simulation results show the performance of the proposed circuit and experimental results are given to confirm the operation.

As distributed generators in distribution networks have brought much influence to the fault current, the traditional fault-section locating algorithm of distribution networks may not work. In this paper, a new switching function is built which can be used in the distribution network with single power supply and multi power supplies. A regional processing method is used in this paper, which divides the distribution network into several independent regions, then the fault locating algorithm is used in these independent regions. The regions without DG connection are eliminated if fault current is not detected. So the complexity of computation of fault-section location is reduced. Ant colony algorithm is a good optimization algorithm of swarm intelligence. Because of its positive feedback, fault tolerance and distributed computing features, good application effect of locating faulty section in distribution network can be attained. In order to overcome the disadvantages such as large amounts of calculation, long searching time, local optimal. Ant colony algorithm is improved by adaptive dynamic modifying pheromone. Ant system with elitist strategy and MMAS are also used in this paper. This improved algorithm is used in distribution network with multi distributed generators. The results of example analysis show the effective and good fault tolerance of the algorithm.

This paper presents the first demonstration of injection molding technology to enable large-scale mass manufacturing of high-performance tunable microwave filters to meet the growing needs of 5G small cell stations. This is the first time that a tunable filter satisfies all four of the following requirements simultaneously: low manufacturing cost, high quality factor, wide tuning range, and high power handling. Exhaustive research exists on the use of polymers for 3D microwave device manufacturing; nonetheless, mass-production technologies, such as injection molding, can provide low costs without compromising performance. The proposed bandpass filter implementation uses a tunable evanescent-mode cavity resonator injection molded with an acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene thermoplastic polymer. In addition, changing the critical gap size over the resonator’s post using a commercial microactuator provides frequency tuning. The measured filter achieves an 86% tuning range from 2.8 – 5.2 GHz with a state-of-the-art measured unloaded quality factor <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$Q_{u}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> of 1548 – 2573. The filter has a measured insertion loss of 0.06 - 0.1 dB with a fractional bandwidth from 7.6 - 8.4% across the entire tuning range. Moreover, for the first time in this manufacturing technology implementation, a bandpass filter is demonstrated with power handling capabilities beyond 100 W. The manufactured device demonstrates the significant potential of this technology for the scale-up manufacturing of reconfigurable high- <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$Q$ </tex-math></inline-formula> RF filters without compromising the performance.