OEIC photoreceiver using InP system with a 5–V source voltage supply

Synchronously launching lots of projectiles to form barrage against missile is necessary in some occasions . This paper presents four new concept of electromagnetic rail launchers volleying projectiles powered by single high-power pulsed power supply, named respectively as multi-barrel parallel, common armature, multi-barrel serial, armature serial. This paper gives their work principles, equivalent circuits for analysis in theory, basic equations, and compares them with each other. At last it is indicated that these inventions are significant and valuable for the development of electromagnetic launch technology and science, and they have a lot of potential applications.

As large arrays of actuators become increasingly common in smart structures, many systems do not have enough power supplies to control each actuator individually due to design, weight, or cost constraints. This issue can be addressed by grouping multiple actuators together and powering each group with a single power supply. As this is done, it is important to determine which actuators to group together. For best performance, the grouping of actuators must be optimized. Currently, genetic algorithms and other heuristic algorithms are used to determine this grouping, but a global optimum is not guaranteed. In order to accurately group the actuators and guarantee that the global optimum is found, we have developed a new method to achieve such purpose — the En Masse Elimination (EME) technique. This is an optimization algorithm used to determine the grouping of actuators when there is a constraint on the number of power supplies, specifically when there are more actuators than power supplies present. The first step in this method is for a solution that satisfies the power supply limitation to be found. The required control authority is determined for this solution. Next, some actuators are grouped while the power supply constraint is temporarily relaxed for all the other actuators. If the control authority of this solution is no better than the control authority of the acceptable solution, than large areas of the design space can be eliminated. This process is continued until the entire design space has been searched, and the global optimum is found. Unlike other methods, the global optimum is found without having to examine every possible combination. In this paper, a detailed explanation of the EME algorithm is given and the efficacy of this method is demonstrated. An example consisting of a beam with static deformation, multiple actuators, and varying constraints on the number of power supplies is used to illustrate the concept.

With growing of applications of the embedded system technology to mobile systems, energy efficiency is becoming an important issue for designing real time embedded systems. One of the possible techniques to reduce the energy consumption is the Dynamic Voltage Scaling (DVS). DVS utilizes the slack time and adjusts the supply voltage so as to reduce the energy expense. However, how to optimally adjust the supply voltage is a NP hard problem. This paper focuses the combinational optimization problem, namely, the problem of minimizing schedule length with energy consumption constraint and the problem of minimizing energy consumption with schedule length constraint. These problems emphasize the tradeoff between power and performance and are defined such that the power-performance product is optimized by fixing one factor and minimizing the other. We propose the analytical result which gives the variation factor of each power supply which depends on the workload and provides the same power supply while meeting the constraints. We address to the use of genetic algorithm to schedule the tasks and then find the optimal power supplies and determine the schedule length on the multiprocessor system.

A new AC-coupled amplifier for portable ECG without reference electrode

A high precision and output stability of the AC sine wave online uninterruptible power supply (UPS), the design is intended to demonstrate the advantages and disadvantages of the circuit design, get relevant data, so the output of 24 V switching power supply instead of the battery. In the selection of power supply circuit, the characteristics of one-way conduction of the transistor are used. When the 36 V power supply is supplied, the standby power side voltage is only 24 V, and the subsequent electricity is supplied by the power side. When the power side is cut off, the 24 V standby power supply (i.e. energy storage device) side becomes the high voltage side, and the transistor turns on to achieve the purpose of instantaneous switching. The inverter circuit based on the EGS002 inverter driver board and the power electronics converter technology, has the functions of stable output, low distortion rate, visual output data, etc., so that the uninterruptible power supply can output the single-phase sinusoidal alternating current with the frequency of 50 ± 0.2 Hz, 30 V ± 0.2 V.KeywordsUPSRectifierInverterEGS002

A novel low-voltage triode-mode CMOS transconductor is presented. Enhanced linearity and tuning range are achieved by implementing body-driven technique and gain-enhancement scheme. Simulation results using 0.18 /spl mu/m N-well CMOS technology confirm the superior performance of this transconductor. With 1.5 V single power supply, the transconductor is linearly tunable over one decade. For differential input signal with peak amplitude up to 0.4 V, the THD is less than -50 dB for the entire transconductance tuning range. The proposed highly linear transconductor is suitable for realizing continuous-time filters with reduced power supply.

The main problem restricting the development of electric vehicles is that the on-board power supply system needs to meet the requirements of both high power density and high energy density, and a single power supply cannot meet this demand. Therefore, a hybrid control strategy of logical threshold control and fuzzy control is proposed to reasonably distribute the power between lithium battery and ultracapacitor. Logic threshold control is used when electric vehicles are braking and fuzzy control is used when they are accelerating. The NEDC (New Europe Driving Cycle) Cycle condition was simulated by using Matlab /Simulink simulation software. The simulation results show that the proposed control strategy can reasonably distribute the output power of the lithium battery and the ultracapacitor, and improve the energy use efficiency.

While the conventional methods are based on sinusoidal excitations to parameterize the loss of magnetic components, recent studies have justified the characterization directly through large-signal, rectangular excitations, as are experienced in typical power electronics converters. The Triple Pulse Test (TPT) has been proposed previously for this purpose as a discontinuous procedure to characterize the high-frequency loss of magnetics. The excitation circuit used to deliver the TPT is advanced in this paper by removing the need for two external power supplies. Instead, a single power supply is connected to a voltage-offsetting input stage which uses a novel implementation of a half-bridge circuit to deliver a controllable offset between two capacitor banks. This dc-link offsetting circuit can compensate the asymmetric voltage drops on the power devices and delivers rectangular voltages with symmetric amplitude to form closed BH loops on the device under test. The aim is for the integrated testbed is to deliver the TPT autonomously, iterating over several operating points, to generate a loss map of one magnetic component. This testbed could subsequently aid the manufacturer of magnetics to shift from material-based datasheet to component-based, which will enable the end users to model high-frequency magnetics more easily and accurately.

A four-quadrant analog multiplier circuit, for low voltage supply, is presented. Its advantages are as follow: it can be operating on low voltage supply, it can use either a single power supply or two power supplies, and all transistors used are the same dimension. Simulation results show the performance of the proposed circuit and experimental results are given to confirm the operation.

As distributed generators in distribution networks have brought much influence to the fault current, the traditional fault-section locating algorithm of distribution networks may not work. In this paper, a new switching function is built which can be used in the distribution network with single power supply and multi power supplies. A regional processing method is used in this paper, which divides the distribution network into several independent regions, then the fault locating algorithm is used in these independent regions. The regions without DG connection are eliminated if fault current is not detected. So the complexity of computation of fault-section location is reduced. Ant colony algorithm is a good optimization algorithm of swarm intelligence. Because of its positive feedback, fault tolerance and distributed computing features, good application effect of locating faulty section in distribution network can be attained. In order to overcome the disadvantages such as large amounts of calculation, long searching time, local optimal. Ant colony algorithm is improved by adaptive dynamic modifying pheromone. Ant system with elitist strategy and MMAS are also used in this paper. This improved algorithm is used in distribution network with multi distributed generators. The results of example analysis show the effective and good fault tolerance of the algorithm.

Recently the bulk-driven current mirror technique has been employed in built-in current sensors for low voltage environment. This paper proposes 4 arrangements of built-in current sensors based on this technique. They are mainly different in biasing schemes end respectively take the advantages of simplicity, accuracy, flexibility and low power dissipation. From experiments, these sensors have small performance impact which causes only 0.3 V of power supply voltage drop and 0.3 ns delay of circuit speed degradation. These sensors require single external power supply and small area overhead.

A 2.5 Gbps transimpedance amplifier (TIA) with the feedback resistance self-adaptively adjusted is designed for the application of optical receivers in passive optical network and implemented in Global Foundries (GF) 0.18 [Formula: see text]m CMOS standard process. The main structure of the circuit consists of an improved three-stage current multiplexing push-pull inverter. With the diode-connected-transistor placed at each end of the inverter, the extra pole will be pulled away in order to increase the stability of the loop system. The feedback resistance of TIA is connected in parallel with the NMOS transistor, and the gate voltage of the tube is adjusted automatically to control the resistance value of this parallel structure in order to overcome the defect of the inverter which will work in the linear region on the condition of excessive optical power. A low-dropout linear regulator (LDO) is adopted from the power supply to the TIA to isolate power supply noise. The measured results demonstrate that the fabricated TIA with a photodetector capacitance of 3.2 pF has a transimpedance gain of 41.64 dB[Formula: see text] with a current signal frequency of 2.5 Gbit/s, and a −3 dB bandwidth of 2.35 GHz. The average input-referred noise current spectral density within the bandwidth is185 pA/Hz[Formula: see text], signal rise time is 195 ps, fall time is 227 ps, eye diagram height is 28 mV, optical sensitivity is −30.6 dBm, and power consumption is only 52 mW at 3.3 V power supply voltage, the chip area is [Formula: see text] mm2.

A unit which can be connected separately in series with each load to control multiple line-loads simultaneously using Radio Frequency (RF) and a mobile device has been developed during this study. Series connected remotely controllable regulators are not widely available commercially and the few available do not have the facility to control the multiple line loads using a mobile application along with a RF remote controller and also they are very expensive and even require an alternative wiring system. The designed regulator provides the convenience of controlling the current flow through appliances connected to a single line power supply. A triac is used to control the power supplied to the load, since it can control the current flow in both halves of an AC current. The gate terminal is triggered by using a diac. A Switch Mode Power Supply, powers the active components of the regulator using the voltage drop across the triac. The Bluetooth (HC-06) and RF (315 MHz RF receiver) modules are programmed to receive inputs from the user to switch ON/OFF or control the voltage supplied to appliances such as fans and light bulbs. The Graphical User Interface enables the user to control the appliances easily and much faster than in normal usage of mechanical switches. The timer which allows the user to define time intervals for predefined output levels, can set desired levels of outputs for the appliances. This feature is not currently available in normal regulators. The suggested method facilitate simultaneous use of RF and the mobile devices as well as the ability to control several appliances with a single unit enabling energy conservation and ease of use. The cost of designing the unit with discrete components being less than US$ 17, it can be concluded that the model is cost effective since this method suggests two modes of control of the appliances along with timer settings. [1–9].

A low-voltage single supply CMOS electrically erasable read-only memory (CMOS-EEROM) is described. It combines long-term charge retention and the possibility of being read, written, and erased from a single power supply. Negative write and erase voltages are generated on-chip by voltage multipliers. It is shown that writing by avalanche injection and erasing by Fowler-Nordheim emission, are compatible with the low power output associated with these multipliers. In order to reduce the programming voltages below 40 V, injection oxide thickness is locally reduced by one additional photolithographic step compared to conventional silicon-gate CMOS technology. The influence of this oxide thickness and of polysilicon doping on write and erase characteristics, endurance, and charge retention are analyzed.

To improve the problem that the single power device inverter power supply cannot meet the requirements of power quality control under the new situation due to the poor high-frequency performance or high-cost limitation, this paper adopts the harmonic current frequency division control technology combined with the characteristics of Si IGBT and SiC MOSFET devices, and proposes a parallel multi-functional power supply scheme based on Si IGBT and SiC MOSFET inverters to compensate the harmonic current. The high-precision current tracking control is carried out through the fractional-order model predictive control, which improves the current control accuracy of the inverter power supply. The simulation and experimental results show that the scheme is safe, reliable and has various functions, and has a good ability of harmonic control and reactive power compensation.