A Methodology for Conformance Testing of Managed Objects

To accommodate big data, new technologies and features have started to be used in core network. Consequently, optical transport network has evolved towards Elastic Optical Network (EON). Despite the effort made towards efficient and reliable network management, interoperability problem in multi-vendor setting of the EON remains unsolved and it hinders the network management and monitoring. Hence, Network operators need to rely on the proprietary management solutions. This phenomenon poses complexity in network configuration, control, monitoring and management and also in turn results in higher Capital Expenditure (CAPEX) and Operational Expenditure (OPEX) for the service providers. In this paper, standard data definition model of network elements of EON is presented for configuration, management and monitoring purpose. Standard YANG data models for the network elements, namely, Reconfigurable Optical Add/drop Multiplexer (ROADM), Bandwidth Variable Transponder (BVT) and Optical amplifier (OA) are presented. The implementation scenario for the developed data definition models are demonstrated for managing state of the art EON. It is contended that the adoption of these standard YANG data models within the NETCONF protocol not only facilitates the network configuration and management, but also improves the multi-vendor interoperability in the control and management plane of the EON.

This paper presents a Multilevel Control framework which offers a scalable approach to network-level traffic management, in short: Network Management (NM), which is the coherent management of traffic in large road networks. The framework distributes the complexity of NM among different levels and, per level, among a number of subnetworks, such that each management instance has only a limited amount of complexity to cope with. In this way, NM becomes feasible and scalable, such that it can be applied to heterogeneous networks of arbitrary size.

PurposeDrawing on normal accident and high-reliability organizational theories, this study examines the impact of magnitude and likelihood of disruptions on surgical procedure performance. More importantly, the authors investigate the moderating role played by information exchange and risk management infrastructure in mitigating the negative effect of disruption on performance.Design/methodology/approachA nationwide multi-respondent survey was administered to operating room personnel to collect information on their experiences with disruptions experienced in surgeries. The survey data are analyzed to examine the relationship between operational disruptions and procedure performance. Additionally, the moderating roles of risk management infrastructure and information exchange on the relationship between disruptions and performance are investigated. The results obtained from the empirical analysis are validated using data from an ethnographic investigation of surgeries at a major hospital.FindingsThe results show that both the magnitude and the likelihood of a disruption adversely impact procedure performance. Interestingly, the authors find that risk management infrastructure and information exchange play different roles in mitigating the effect of disruptions on performance. The authors find that while risk management infrastructure helps mitigate the effect of magnitude of service disruptions, information exchange helps reduce the effects of likelihood of disruptions. The findings lend strong support to the theoretical assertions. By means of the participant–observer data collected from over 100 surgeries as part of the ethnographic investigation, the authors validate the key findings. The findings suggest that disruptions are common occurrences in surgical settings, but their performance impact may be lessened or altogether avoided with the proper information and risk management mechanisms in place.Originality/valueThis survey research extends the understanding of risk management by considering a context that is highly prone to disruptions. The authors adopt existing constructs pertaining to supply chain disruptions within this context and find new insights. The findings of the study show differential roles played by information exchange and risk management infrastructure in mitigating disruptions. This nuanced understanding provides directions for aligning efforts towards risk mitigation in surgical settings in a more focused way. This study supplements findings from survey data analysis with an examination of data collected by means of ethnographic investigation.

With the development of network technology, traditional computer network management technology has been difficult to meet the need for large, complex network management. Introduction of data mining technology in the network management, network the huge amounts of data extraction, transformation, integration of the required data, provide a comprehensive technology, correlation analysis for policymakers and analysts timely and accurately to global comprehensive analysis of data resources, to dig out useful knowledge from them to efficiently implement comprehensive management of network. The introduction of data mining and development has become a development of the intelligent network management system an inevitable trend.

The close links of Information Management (IM) and Information Technology (IT) create an evolving environment of tasks and processes. Management standards are normative descriptions of an agreed-upon set of management tasks and suggested ways of task execution. Certain standards like ITIL and COBIT (both used as a brand only by the owners, Axelos and ISACA respectively) have been popular for a long time in sub-areas of IM including IT governance, IT service management, or IT project management. Driven by digitalization, the number and update frequency of IM-related standards have significantly increased recently, making standard selection and implementation more difficult. This study presents a systematic mapping of the current state of IM standardization with respect to standardization bodies, types of standards, and certifications. Visual maps provide an overview of the IM standard landscape and reveal relevant topics and other categories. The article identifies the most relevant standardization bodies, standard types, and topics of the IM domain based on a full set of 109 IM standards. As a mapping outcome, the correlations of standardization bodies versus standard types, and of the topics versus IM task areas are clearly arranged in diagrams.

This paper proposes a novel framework for information exchange in public-culture service domain, which leverages: (i) a widely available translation language (i.e., eXtensible Markup Language (XML)), and (ii) a consistent implementation methodology framework provided for within the China Information Exchange Model (CIEM). The evaluation about public-culture effectiveness measurement mission, demonstrates the efficiency of the proposed framework.

Early warning and epidemic intelligence in the Mediterranean region and Balkan countries: an EpiSouth network challenge

In Cyber-Physical Production System (CPPS) engineering for discrete manufacturing, the definition of test cases is vital to ensure correct behavior of production processes and to test risky cases. Unfortunately, the definition of test cases requires know-how both from the CPPS engineering domain and on software test automation, and is time-consuming. In this paper, we investigate how domain experts can efficiently derive test cases for an assembly process step from process preconditions concerning product properties. We introduce the Test Case Derivation for PPR Models (TCD4PPR) method building on the Formalised Process Description and best practices from software testing. We evaluate the TCD4PPR method with an illustrative use case from industry in a feasibility study with domain experts at a large production systems engineering company for discrete manufacturing. The main result was that the domain experts found the TCD4PPR method efficient, usable, and useful. The evaluation results indicate that investing reasonable effort into modeling Product, Process, Resource (PPR) knowledge with preconditions can considerably reduce risks of untested production process behavior.

The rapid expansion of modern networks, fueled by cloud computing, the Internet of Things (IoT), 5G, and edge computing, has created unprecedented complexity in network management. Traditional manual configuration and provisioning approaches are no longer scalable or efficient enough to meet the demands of these dynamic environments. Network operators face the challenge of deploying, configuring, and managing thousands or even millions of network devices and services with minimal errors and delays.

Optical signal regenerators (3R) are required to overcome the adverse effect of fiber and other transmission impairments. 3R units may be placed either at every node (full placement) or at some selected nodes (sparse placement) of the optical network. It has been argued [1] that while the latter placement strategy may not be optimal in terms of the total number of 3R units required to support a given set of static traffic demands, it offers a number of practical advantages over the former, e.g., a contained complexity of network management in terms of signaling overhead. In this paper the full and sparse placement strategies are compared in a dynamic optical network, whereby lightpaths are set up and torn down to best fit the offered changing demands. The study shows that the blocking probability due to the lack of available 3R units achieved by the sparse placement strategy may be comparable to the one achieved by the full placement strategy. Surprisingly, it may even be lower in some cases, thus providing an additional motivation in favor of the sparse placement strategy. The study also shows that the algorithm used to choose the nodes where to place the 3R units must be designed carefully. Two placement algorithms are compared, reporting differences in signaling overhead level as high as 6 times (when achieving a desired level of lightpath connectivity) and differences in blocking probabilities as high as two orders of magnitude (when using the same level of signaling overhead).

The authors describe work aimed at developing a network management system to monitor, analyze, and manage the interactions between a network agent connected to an OSI (open systems interconnection) network and the OSI resources that are used by the agent. The results of the analysis are presented in a suitable format with complementary comments to aid the network manager in verifying the results obtained. In the experimental systems, all the parameters associated with the ISO stack (procedures) are readily accessible by the LCMISE (local common management information service element) (procedures). Thus, as the FTAM (file transfer access and management) client and server processes communicate through the ISO stack, operational parameters relating to the latter can be accessed or changed by the network manager via the NMAP (network manager application process), CMISE, and CMIP (common management information protocol). >

This paper addresses the management of photonic networks. It presents the first achievements of the ACTS-MEPHISTO project. The project's general objective is to extend the principles of network management (TMN) to generic all-optical networks, in which wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) will be implemented far transmission and routing. This includes the development of information models for optical networks and network elements, of management applications and test platforms to demonstrate fault, configuration and performance management of optical networks, and the promotion of the developed models within ACTS and standardisation bodies. The functional architecture and early information models for the management of optical networks and network elements are described.

Next-generation SONET/SDH technologies--namely, generic framing procedure, virtual concatenation, and link-capacity-adjustment scheme--enable network operators to provide integrated data and voice services over their legacy SONET/SDH infrastructure to generate new revenue. An important open research problem on data over SONET/SDH (DoS) is survivability: SONET automatic protection switching is too resource inefficient for data services, and the protection mechanisms of data networks are too slow for mission-critical applications.We propose two approaches for provisioning survivable DoS connections. Our approaches exploit the tradeoff between resource overbuild and fault-recovery time while utilizing the inverse-multiplexing capability of virtual concatenation to increase backup sharing. Our results show that one approach achieves low resource overbuild and much faster fault recovery than that of data networks, and the other approach achieves fast fault recovery comparable to SONET 50-ms protection (for typical U.S. backbone networks) while still achieving modest backup sharing. We further investigate the tradeoff between network blocking performance and network control and management complexity resulting from the number of paths M a connection can be inversely multiplexed onto: larger M leads to more freedom in routing and better network performance but increases network control and management complexity. Our results indicate that the network blocking performance for small values of M (e.g., M = 2 for some representative backbone network topologies) is almost as good as the case in which M is infinity.

An information exchange framework between physical modeling and numerical simulation to advance tropical cyclone boundary layer predictions

This paper introduces a structured goal-oriented agent-based process modelling framework, where advanced security requirements engineering techniques are combined with software security modelling approaches, to provide an environment within which the security managers and the analysts can easily cooperate to discover, verify and validate the new IT system security requirements. Without multi-agent systems engineering methodologies, the realization of complex information systems involving numerous interacting components would be prohibitively expensive, prone to failure and involve timescales unacceptable in today's security environment. By following appropriate methodologies, highly integrated and complex security management & control (SMC) information systems can be built to interact securely on a global scale. This paper presents an approach to design a multi-agent system managing a security management system corporate memory in the form of a distributed semantic Web and describes the resulting architecture. We present an information and knowledge exchange framework to support a distributed security problem solving in a PKI-based network environment domain. It addresses two important issues: (1) how individual agents should be interconnected so that their security capabilities are efficiently used and their security goals are accomplished effectively and efficiently; (2) how the information and knowledge transfer should take place among agents to allow them to respond successfully to user requests and unexpected situations in the security domain. We employ the concepts related to SAMARA - a security architecture multi-agents systems risk assessment. The focus of this paper is dynamic knowledge exchange among SAMARA agents. The co-ordinator agent together with a decision enabling warehouse (DEW) acting as a dynamic knowledge-based security platform plus direct intercommunication among the agents enable facts, commands, and rules to be transferred between SAMARA agents. Knowledge can be exchanged among the agents by using a combination of facts, rules and commands transfers