A multi-channel medium access control protocol for multicast in mobile ad-hoc network

A cooperative CDMA-based multi-channel MAC protocol for mobile ad hoc networks

The (MANET) ad-hoc mobile network is an automated, network in which android systems link to wireless devices. Ad hoc word means "for this purpose". In MANET any device can easily move in various directions. MANETs (Mobile Ad Hoc Networks) are the basics of broadband networks. In MANET network user can link and get connected anywhere, anytime through communication. MANET introduces a new co system for communication. MANET does not require a fixed structure relies on unconnected ports for service transportation delivery. The temporary hoc network is not dependent on mobile devices (android phones, laptop, PCs, sensors, etc.) that connect exclusively to wireless connectors. Ad-hoc work on a distributed system to provide the required network performance when there is no fixed structure. In this network, it acts as a standalone network or with many attachment points on mobile networks. This paper provides view on the features, applications of ad hoc networks, characteristics and various attacks and challenges faced by programmers and Users . We analyze MANET security objectives and will outline the features, structure, types and challenges of research and the latest trend analysis presented on Mobile Ad Hoc Network to explore open-ended issues in developing navigation strategies for MANET.

It is our great pleasure to welcome you to the 3rd ACM Workshop on Security of Ad Hoc and Sensor Networks (SASN'05), held in conjunction with the 12th ACM Conference on Computer and Communications Security (CCS'05), November 7, 2005, in Alexandria, Virginia.This year we received a total of 39 submissions on various aspects of ad-hoc and sensor network security. The program committee selected 6 as regular papers that cover a variety of topics, including trust establishment in Mobile Ad-Hoc Networks (MANETs), security of vehicular ad-hoc networks, secure group communication, key pre-distribution for sensor networks, jamming attacks against sensor network MAC protocols, and defense against Denial-of-Service (DoS) attacks. This year we continue the tradition of SASN'03 and SASN'04 to encourage the presentation and discussion of work-in-progress on ad-hoc and sensor network security. Among the 39 submissions, the program committee selected 7 papers to present in work-in-progress sessions, covering topics on anonymous routing for MANETs, key distribution for inter-group multicast in ad-hoc networks, improved topology assumptions for threshold cryptography in MANETs, RFID security, tracing in mobile wireless sensor networks, time synchronization attacks in sensor networks, and coordinated deployment for improving secure communications and sensing coverage in wireless sensor networks. In addition, the program includes a panel on Advances in Sensor and Ad-hoc Network Security and an invited keynote talk by Radha Poovandran (University of Washington) on Information Assurance in MANETs and Wireless Sensor Networks. We hope that these proceedings will serve as a valuable reference for security researchers and developers.

Security is an essential requirement in mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs). Compared to wired networks, MANETs are more vulnerable to security attacks due to the lack of a trusted centralized authority, easy eavesdropping, dynamic network topology, and limited resources. The security issue of MANETs in group communications is even more challenging because of the involvement of multiple senders and multiple receivers. In this paper, we present a simulationbased study of the impacts of different types of attacks on mesh-based multicast in MANETs. We consider the most common types of attacks, namely rushing attack, blackhole attack, neighbor attack and jellyfish attack. Specifically we study how the processing delay of legitimate nodes, the number of attackers and their positions affect the performance metrics of a multicast session such as packet delivery ratio, throughput, end-to-end delay, and delay jitter. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first paper that studies the vulnerability and the performance of multicast in MANETs under various security threats.

Power control algorithms for mobile ad hoc networks

An ad-hoc Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) is a network without infrastructure connectivity where different types of hosts (nodes) exist; such as PDAs (personal digital assistants), laptops and cellular phones. These nodes are equipped with short range transmitters and receivers, and antennas which may be Omni directional (broadcast), highly directional (Point-to-point), or a combination of the two. A Mobile Ad hoc Network (MANET) is a collection of mobile hosts that move in different directions and speeds without the need to maintain connectivity with existing network infrastructure. Different routing protocols have been designed since the existence of ad hoc networks. This work presented below proposes a new routing protocol for ad hoc networks which aims to reduce network overhead, power consumption, Multi-user Interference (MUI), and provide link reliability. In recent years, a vast research has been seen going on in the field of Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (MANETs). Due to limited resources in MANETs, to design an efficient and reliable routing strategy is still a challenge. An intelligent routing strategy is required to efficiently use the limited resources. Also the algorithms designed for traditional wired networks such as link-state or distance vector, does not scale well in wireless environment

While efforts have been made recently to evaluate the performance of multicasting protocols in mobile ad hoc networks (MANET) and to evaluate the capacity of ad hoc networks, very little is understood or known about the traffic characteristics of mobile ad hoc networks and its effect on the performance of the existing multicasting protocols. In this paper, traffic models for multicast protocols in MANET are outlined. A literature survey for multicast protocols in MANET is conducted. Classification for most MANET multicast protocols is presented. A research to evaluate the performance of the existing multicast protocols in MANET using self-similarity traffic model is proposed & justified

In the field of military communication, there is urgent need for mobile ad-hoc network technology (MANET). Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) as the network nodes have been applied to military scene, which is very important in research of sensor network. This technology has become a crucial part of real-time strategic command system. The purpose of this paper is to establish a model of mobile ad-hoc network using UAVs. And this UAVs network can be also called a special military mobile ad-hoc network, based on which, this paper adopted feasible performance metrics modeling method of route optimization problem. Then the above route programming theory developed into running visible software by Visual C++. Genetic Algorithm (GA) is the core of this new software. Finally, the running result verified this route planning's solution is effective in scene of battlefield by this new visible software.

Infrastructure and ad hoc network architectures are the two major architectures that can use wireless networks. Unlike infrastructure architecture using the centralized base station, mobile ad hoc network (MANET) is an infrastructure-less architecture which can be connected without any centralized control. In MANET, a mobile device can be connected with another device within the appropriate radio range that is typically 30 MHz to 5 GHz. Therefore, MANET is considered as a self-organizing network where each node acts as a participant and a router. Sector-based routing is a method in MANET which can be used to separate the positions of every node in a network topology. In addition, a specific node called server node can be assigned among the nodes in each sector. The server node is responsible to reserve the path resources and to maintain the information for its associated nodes and links. The performance of sector-based routing depends on the number of nodes available in the sector. Further, the routing approach in sector-based MANET can be considered in various scenarios using server nodes. Our research in this paper is to evaluate the efficiency of the sector-based routing in MANET considering several scenarios. Further, we address the variation of the performance while the number of nodes changes with several routing methods in sector-based MANET. In this paper, we investigate the detailed simulation experiments on a different number of nodes and various scenarios of sector-based routing in MANET. Our findings are as follows. (1) The average collision rate is significantly lower in sector-based routing when compared to MANET. (2) The resource efficiency in sector-based routing is considerably higher. (3) Unlike in a small number of nodes, the higher number of connections can be allowed in a high number of nodes distributed in a sector.KeywordsMANETSector-based routingServer nodeResource efficiency

Fuzzy logic based cross-layer design to improve Quality of Service in Mobile ad-hoc networks for Next-gen Cyber Physical System

On behalf of the Mobihoc Organizing Committee, it is my pleasure to welcome you to Annapolis, Maryland for the 4th Annual ACM Workshop on Mobile Ad Hoc Networks. We definitely have come a long way from the first offering of this Workshop as a satellite workshop of MobiCom in 2000! This year we had 192 submissions (50% more than last year) from which 27 papers were selected to form the main program. We have continued the tradition of holding a poster session during cocktail and reception hours. This will be an excellent opportunity for young researchers to present their ideas and get feedback from the experts in an informal and convivial setting. We received 19 poster submissions and accepted 10; moreover, we invited 8 more posters from the regular submission pool, for a total of 18 posters.We have been fortunate to lure Dr. Martin Vetterli from the Ecole Politechnique Federale de Lausanne, Suisse, to give the keynote address on "Distributed Processing and Communications: on the Interaction of Source and Channel Coding in Mobile Networks". The topic could have not been more timely. It cuts at the very heart of the most critical issue in ad hoc networks today -- the interaction between layers and the tradeoffs the designers are continually faced with. In Martin's case, it is the tradeoff between communications and processing in the fascinating problem of multi sensor signal (eg, sound and video) processing and fusion.The technical program is of exceptional quality and very well balanced, starting from two tutorial on radio models and antennas, and covering topics from the physical layer (directional antennas) to the middleware (security and resource management). The papers are a good reflection of the emerging applications in ad hoc networking. There is no question that the ad hoc network technology is making rapid advances not only in the traditional military field but also in civilian and commercial applications. In fact, several start ups are now focusing on ad hoc network products, even in the midst of the general dot.com meltdown. I hope you will join me in Annapolis to hear about these new and stimulating trends.

Mobile Ad hoc Networks (MANET) comprises of self-organizing autonomous mobile nodes. MANETs are open and decentralized. Therefore they are vulnerable to malicious entities. MANETs are multi-hop wireless network where all nodes supportively maintain network connectivity without a centralized infrastructure. Since MANETs are infrastructure less and independent, the secure communication is the main issue. Therefore they are vulnerable to malicious entities. Here the location identity and traffic can be traced out by an outside observer. Anonymity means secure communications by hiding node identities and preventing traffic analysis attacks by outside observers. This paper proposes Position based Anonymous Routing Scheme in MANETs (PARS).Here the routing is based on Greedy Perimeter Stateless Routing Protocol. The objective is an anonymous routing protocol for the network. The proposed one is a zone based anonymous GPSR based protocol that can provide source, destination and route anonymity. Performance of the proposed system is compared with that of GPSR and AODV using Network Simulator. Index Terms: Anonymous routing, position-based routing, random forwarder, zone partition. I. Introduction Mobile Ad hoc Networks are collection of independent mobile nodes that can communicate by radio waves. It is an infrastructure less self-organizing network. The nodes that are in radio range can communicate by single hop or by multi hop with the help of intermediate nodes. The network is open and decentralized and fully distributed. So they are perfect choice for communication and information sharing. MANETs are susceptible to malicious entities that aim to alter and analyzed the traffic analysis by communication eaves dropping or attacking routing protocols. MANETs are characterized by their distributed operation, multi hop routing, dynamic topology and shared physical medium. Nodes in a MANET are independently free to move in any direction. Due to the lack of a centralized coordinator security is the major concern here. Wireless communication can endure interferences or malicious interceptions; whereas multi-hop communication assumes that each node will perform properly its functions to support network services. Further, self-organization increases the complexity of security management operations as access control, node authentication, secure routing and cryptographic key distribution. There is no fixed infrastructure and the topology is frequently changing due to node mobility or environmental changes. Therefore, it is very hard to maintain a stable and efficient end-to-end route in an ad-hoc network. Each node in MANET is energy constrained. There is verylimited physical security in MANET. The type of attacks can be Active attacks or Passive attacks. The common security issues are Passive attacks which include eaves dropping and information disclosure. Active attacks include Do Sand Data modification. There are other more specific problems with mobile ad hoc network such as vulnerability of channels and nodes, Byzantine black hole and Byzantine wormhole attack. The security issue also includes attacks that may inject erroneous routing information and diverting network traffic thus making routing inefficient. There are many methods to reduce the impact of these attacks, which include a secure routing using public and private key s to get a certification authority and use of digital signatures and prior it rust relationships. Routing is the process of communication from one node to the other host in a network. Routing is the process off or warding packet towards its destination using most efficient path. Routing efficiency is measured in terms of Number of hops, traffic, security, etc. Routing protocols in MANETs are divided as reactive proactive and hybrid. Reactive Protocol maintains the routes in on demand manner. In route discovery phase it floods the route request (RREQ) packets throughout the network. Dynamic source Routing (DSR), ad hoc on- demand distance vector routing (AODV) are some of the examples of reactive protocols. In proactive approach every node in the MANET continuously maintains the complete routing information of the entire network. This is accomplished by flooding network periodically with network status information. Global State Routing (GSR), Hierarchical State Routing (HSR) and Destination Sequenced Distance Vector Routing (DSDV) are some of the examples of proactive

In this paper, we address the problem of multicast routing in mobile ad-hoc networks from the viewpoint of energy efficiency. In an ad-hoc wireless network, each node runs on a local energy source which has a limited energy life span. Thus, energy conservation is a critical issue in mobile ad-hoc networks. One approach for energy conservation is to establish routes that require lowest total energy consumption. This optimization problem is referred as the minimum-energy multicast routing problem (MEMRP). In this paper, propose new efficient heuristic algorithms for the construction of energy-efficient multicast routes in mobile ad-hoc networks. These algorithms exploit the broadcast nature of the wireless channel, and address the need for energy-efficient operations. Empirical studies show that our algorithms are able to achieve better performance than algorithms that have been developed for MEMRP.

Mobile Ad hoc Network (MANET) basically, is a collection of mobile hosts incorporating wireless interfaces that forms a transitory autonomous network. They do not base on fixed infrastructure or central administration, rather work on the principle of self-organized interconnections among mobile nodes. Fundamentally, in MANET when nodes come inside the transmission range of neighboring nodes', they can be detected by each other and can communicate directly. However for communication outside this range they have to depend on some other nodes to relay the messages .This is where routing protocols have to play a very important role. Literature for improving the performance of routing protocol is available in abundance. Among these comes, the hierarchical/cluster-based routing protocols that claim to reduce control overheads. Clustering in Mobile Ad hoc Networks (MANETs) has proved to be advantageous compared to the traditional networks. However the highly dynamic and unstable nature of MANETs makes it intricate for the cluster based routing protocols to split a mobile network into clusters and determination of cluster heads for each cluster. Although much previous research has concentrated on cluster-head selection in MANETs, not much effort has been done on the security side of cluster-head selection. This paper emphasize that secure cluster head selection in MANETs has an intense effect on network performance. Specifically, we stress that in ad hoc network where all the participants are self controlled, security is an essential aspect and the effective cluster-head selection can improve network throughput. We propose a secure and effective cluster-head Selection scheme using a cross-layer approach that integrates cluster-head discovery and selection functionality with network ad hoc routing mechanisms and the lower layer drivers built-in the system. Besides, proposed scheme handle the disconnections in ad hoc network due to the effects of topology changes and battery depletion. This scheme allows clients to switch to better cluster-head nodes as network topology changes. Hence, provides better performance to network.

Mobile Ad-hoc Networks (MANETs) are special kind of wireless networks with no centralized control. They are ideal candidate for several real world applications where network need to be established on the fly e.g. disaster hit areas, hospitals, military surveillance etc. Researchers have been actively working in this area for a decade or so to make this concept a reality. MANETs differ from conventional fixed networks and therefore pose several challenges to the researchers working in the area. Among many others, access to shared medium is the major problem in MANETs. In such networks MAC layer protocol plays an important role in efficient utilization of shared media in distributed fashion. At the MAC layer we have three contradicting requirements, Maximize channel utilization, Minimize Control overhead and Fairness. Multi-Channel MAC protocols are considered is the most suitable solution to achieve the desired objectives but channel assignment and reservation in a distributed fashion is still a big challenge. In this paper, we have proposed a Multi- Channel scheme to address the problem of channel assignment the proposed scheme is Nodeid based. The proposed Scheme has been compared with conventional single channel scheme using ns-2 simulation and results shows that the proposed technique gives better performance. Keywords- BEB algorithm, Clear to send, Control channels, Dedicated Channels, MAC, Overhead, and request to send.