A new video watermarking using redundant discrete wavelet in singular value decomposition domain with multi‐objective optimization

In this paper, a novel image watermarking scheme using an encrypted kinoform in the hybrid nonsubsampled contourlet transform (NSCT) and singular value decomposition (SVD) domain is presented. In the scheme, a watermark is firstly transformed into an encrypted kinoform with fractional Fourier transform and Gerchberg-Saxton algorithm. Then the host image is decomposed with NSCT and the low frequency sub-band is divided into nonoverlapping blocks. SVD is applied to every block. The kinoform is embedded into the low frequency NSCT coefficients by modifying the largest singular value of each block. To withstand geometric attacks, the geometric distortion parameters of the attacked watermarked image are computed first by the Zernike moment-based geometric correction method in the detection process. Then the mark kinoform is extracted from the recovered image. In comparison with other method, the proposed watermarking scheme offers better performances for imperceptibility. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed image watermarking is not only invisible but also robust against a variety of attacks including scaling, rotation, flipping, noise addition, filtering, JPEG compression, etc.

This paper proposes a new scheme for secure digital watermarking and copyright protection of videos. The approach presented here is based on redundant discrete wavelet transform (RDWT) and singular value decomposition (SVD). The video frames and the watermark are decomposed by RDWT, and the watermark is embedded into the subbands of the I-frames. The singular values of the I-frames are modified with the singular values of the visual watermark. Meanwhile, the watermark embedding strength is adjusted adaptively using the noise visibility function (NVF) with local properties. The approach is efficient and appropriate for real-time applications. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed approach has good performance in preserving high quality of the video, and the watermark can be extracted accurately after various attacks.

In telemedicine, the authenticity and integrity of medical images must be safeguarded. Copyright protection is provided through robust medical image watermarking (MIW) methods, and the original pictures may be retrieved at the receiver's end. But existing algorithms have limits in terms of balancing the tradeoff between robustness, imperceptibility, and embedded capacity. Aside from that, most MIW algorithms aren't built for color images. This article proposes a novel MIW technique based on the redundant discrete wavelet transform (RDWT) with singular value decomposition (SVD) to increase their performance in preserving medical color picture information. First and foremost, the RDWT -SVD is a reliable solution as compared to the conventional DWT. Second, modifying the wavelet domain coefficient ensures that integer values in the spatial domain change and that the watermarking process is reversible. Finally, the embedding approach makes full advantage of the original image's features and watermarking. The simulation results showed that the proposed method decreases the amount of original picture change and improves imperceptibility as compared to the conventional approaches.

In this paper, a novel medical image watermarking (MIW) technique for tele ‐ medicine applications is proposed. In this approach homomorphic transform (HT), redundant discrete wavelet transform (RDWT) and singular value decomposition (SVD) transforms are successfully utilized for developing an effective watermarking technique. Reflectance component of medical host image is obtained using HT, on which RDWT decomposition and SVD are applied. Similarly medical watermark image is processed with RDWT and SVD. Singular values (Svs) were used for embedding the watermark image into host image. 2‐D chaotic Arnold transform (AT) is used for providing extra security to the watermark image by encrypting the watermarked image. Moreover, proposed technique is also tested for several wavelet families. Robustness and imperceptibility of the proposed technique is enhanced as depicted in experimental results under various attacks. Furthermore, better robustness is attained from proposed technique on comparing it with other formerly reported schemes.

Image watermarking plays a major role in the field of communication. Applying the watermarking on the symbol provides higher imperceptibility and robustness properties with cover data help. Thus, various implementations are focused on non-blind watermarking (NBW) schemes combined with various transformations to perform this watermarking. The NBW methods do not have the accurate functionality to provide the maximum imperceptibility, embedding capacity standards, and the lack of robustness, respectively. Thus, to overcome these problems, this article focuses on implementing the proposed watermarking framework that utilizes the singular value decomposition (SVD), discrete cosine transform (DCT), and redundant discrete wavelet transform (RDWT) jointly, so the properties of the threes methods function together and give the higher performance. The proposed RDWT-DCT-SVD watermarking scheme simulated and compared for the various quality metrics such as normalized correlation coefficient (NCC), root means square error (RMSE), and peak signal to noise ratio (PSNR). Comparing the various existing methods shows that the proposed method gives higher imperceptibility and robustness properties.KeywordsSingular value decompositionDiscrete cosine transformRedundant discrete wavelet transformBlind watermarking

This contribution applies tools from the information theory and soft computing (SC) paradigms to the embedding and extraction of watermarks in aerial remote sensing (RS) images to protect copyright. By the time 5G came along, Internet usage had already grown exponentially. Regarding copyright protection, the most important responsibility of the digital image watermarking (DIW) approach is to provide authentication and security for digital content. In this paper, our main goal is to provide authentication and security to aerial RS images transmitted over the Internet by the proposal of a hybrid approach using both the redundant discrete wavelet transform (RDWT) and the singular value decomposition (SVD) schemes for DIW. Specifically, SC is adopted in this work for the numerical optimization of critical parameters. Moreover, 1-level RDWT and SVD are applied on digital cover image and singular matrices of LH and HL sub-bands are selected for watermark embedding. Further selected singular matrices SLH and SHL are split into 3×3 non-overlapping blocks, and diagonal positions are used for watermark embedding. Three-level symmetric encryption with low computational cost is used to ensure higher watermark security. A hybrid grasshopper–BAT (G-BAT) SC-based optimization algorithm is also proposed in order to achieve high quality DIW outcomes, and a broad comparison against other methods in the state-of-the-art is provided. The experimental results have demonstrated that our proposal provides high levels of imperceptibility, robustness, embedding capacity and security when dealing with DIW of aerial RS images, even higher than the state-of-the-art methods.

The MPEG-H 3D audio standard applies singular value decomposition (SVD) to the input higher order ambisonics data, then encodes each predominant (foreground) sound component independently using a standard core audio codec. The residual (background) signal is encoded in the ambisonic domain. This paper is motivated by the observations: i) separate coding of SVD components ignores spatial inter channel masking effects; ii) compression in both SVD and ambisonic domains is difficult to perceptually optimize; iii) Only few predominant components are encoded due to the prohibitive side information cost of specifying SVD basis vectors. The proposed coding architecture overcomes the first two concerns by performing all compression in the SVD domain with a masking threshold that is calculated jointly for all encoded components, thereby accounting for cross-component masking. The third shortcoming is circumvented by a novel method for extending a given set of SVD basis vectors at no side information cost, by computing (at both encoder and decoder) basis vectors to span the null space of the transmitted basis vectors. Experimental results provide evidence for substantial objective and subjective gains.

This paper contrasts the implementation of several chaos-based digital image watermarking techniques in terms of imperceptibility, robustness, security and complexity. Most spatial and transform domains methods have been used namely Least Significant Bit (LSB), Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT), Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) and Redundant Discrete Wavelet Transform (RDWT) with Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) mathematical tool which has enhanced embedding capability. Both continuous and discrete chaotic maps namely Arnold's Chaotic Map (ACM), Logistic Chaotic map (LCM) and Lorenz Chaotic Map (LoCM) are included to result in secure schemes. Exhaustive series of tests have been performed along with a range of evaluation metrics for imperceptibility evaluation. In addition, Robustness of all the techniques has also been confirmed by applying a variety of attacks on the resulting images. This study will help to adopt the most suitable methods for a given application as sufficient number of test images have been utilized.

In this paper, a new robust and secure video watermarking scheme based on discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT), singular value decomposition (SVD), and Laplacian pyramid is proposed for copyright protection applications. The main contributions of this work are: 1) Increasing watermark robustness towards common signal processing attacks by separating the watermark image into a high-frequency image and a low-frequency image using laplacian pyramid. Then, the singular values of each of the low-frequency watermark image and the high-frequency watermark image are hidden in two different DWT subbands of the original video frame. Separating the watermark and hiding its two parts in two different subbands of the DWT of the video frame makes it robust towards noise, filtering, and compression attacks. 2) Improving the quality of the extracted watermarks via correcting the received watermarked videos using SURF points when those videos are geometrically attacked, mainly by rotation, scaling, and shear attacks. 3) Increasing security and avoiding false positive problems (FPP) associated with SVD by using perceptual image hashing in the proposed scheme. Through experimental results and comparisons to other techniques, the proposed scheme has shown very high imperceptibility for the tested watermarked videos in terms of peak signal to noise ratio (PSNR). Also, the proposed scheme has demonstrated high watermark robustness towards various types of attacks, and an improvement in the quality of the extracted watermarks from 4 to 20 dB compared to other techniques.

In this proposed work, a dual image watermarking algorithm is used to protect the data against copyright violations. In this work, the DICOM image is used as a host image. Two watermark images used are the MNNIT logo and the personal data of the patient. This method utilizes the advantages of Schur decomposition, lifting wavelet transform (LWT), discrete cosine transform (DCT) and singular value decomposition (SVD). The scaling factor is a vital parameter of watermarking technique. The firefly optimization technique is used to get the optimized scaling factor. The Speeded-up robust features (SURF) are used for watermarking authentication. To evaluate the performance of the proposed algorithm, peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR), normalized correlation coefficient (NCC), and structural similarity index measurement (SSIM) are used. The proposed method is tested against various attacks such as Salt and Pepper noise, Gaussian noise, Gaussian low pass filter, Average filter, Median filter, Histogram equalization, Sharpening, Rotation and Region of interest filtering. The proposed algorithm shows a high level of robustness and imperceptibility. It is found that the features of the input host image and the watermarked image are matching correctly on applying the SURF technique.

Performance analysis of multiple-input multiple-output orthogonal frequency division multiplexing system using arithmetic optimization algorithm

Robust multi-logo watermarking by RDWT and ICA

In this paper, an effective algorithm for providing copyright protection is proposed by using a new embedding strategy for Discrete Wavelet Transform-based video watermarking. Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) is applied on the video, to convert the spatial data into frequency domain, having low pass and high pass components. The low frequency component is used for generating the key, by using the watermark image and the binarized Low frequency part (LL) of the video frame. Same procedure is applied on each frame to generate the key for corresponding frame. This generated key should be used at receiver for extracting the watermark which provides copyright protection. Blind watermarking technique is used in this paper which require only key to extract the embedded watermark. The original video is not required during extraction. To criticize the robustness of algorithm, the original watermark image is compared with extracted watermark image after several attacks and their Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR), Normalized Correlation Coefficient (NC) and Structural Similarity index (SSIM) are calculated. The experimental results demonstrate that the watermark is invisible and it is robust against the various attacks and addition of noise to the video.

Hybrid and blind watermarking scheme in DCuT – RDWT domain

SummaryDue to the remarkable development of Internet technologies, a great deal of valuable digital data is now transmitted over public networks. To guarantee the security of this data during the transfer process, the authentication of its integrity is extremely important. This paper introduces a robust and secure dual‐watermarking‐based fusion of watermarking, optimization, and a compression method utilizing non‐sub‐sampled contourlet transform (NSCT), redundant discrete wavelet transform (RDWT), and singular value decomposition (SVD). In our method, we first apply the NSCT to a higher entropy sub‐band of the host image. Then, our method uses RDWT‐SVD on higher frequency coefficients of the NSCT image. A similar procedure is followed for both mark images. Finally, an appropriate scaling factor, as obtained by fuzzy inference system, is used to invisibly embed the singular values of both mark data into the host image. Here, any more important mark data are scrambled before the embedding process. The simulation tests reveal that the proposed technique is not only imperceptible and secure but also robust against common attacks. The suggested method has a superior ability to extract hidden information than previous conventional techniques.