A newly proposed multi-band rectangular patch antenna using defected ground structures

Over last few decades, wireless communication system has sought more attention and plays predominant role in different areas for human personal and commercial applications. Day by day, with advancements in technology, wireless gadgets got more compact due to microelectronics fabrication and integration techniques. So, such applications put great demand over new design specifications on antenna structures used in transmitter and receiver for radio wave communication. In wireless applications depending upon, frequency bands and bandwidth requirements numerous compact antenna structures are used with improved efficiency. Microstrip patch antennas are highly regarded due to its compact size, easy integration with microwave circuits. In study of patch antenna, Defected Ground structures gain popularity these days due to its various benefits to enhance antenna performance. This research article, provides extensive literature survey over use of Defected Ground Structures (DGS) in microstrip patch antenna with its design consequences. This article also explores the enhancement in antenna parameters with implementation of DGS’s. DGS concept is used in microstrip patch antenna and microwave engineering for performance improvement of these devices. DGS can be merged with other techniques to enhance antenna operational parameters like gain, bandwidth, VSWR and spurious radiations.

A microstrip patch antenna using a defected ground structure (DGS) to suppress higher order harmonics is presented. An H-shaped defect on the ground plane with only one or more unit lattices has been utilized and yielded bandstop characteristics. Compared with a conventional microstrip patch antenna without the DGS unit cell, the radiated power of the DGS patch antenna at harmonic frequencies has been drastically decreased.

In this paper, we have proposed a Slotted Microstrip Patch Antenna with a Defected Ground Structure (DGS). Here, we have integrated the concept of DGS and Slotted Patch Antenna in order to get enhanced bandwidth and gain. The proposed antenna consists of a microstrip fed slotted rectangular patch with E-shaped cut in the ground plane. The performance of this antenna is discussed and analyzed with the variations in patch width and number of slots. The variations in Return Loss (S11), Radiation Pattern and Gain of the designed antenna are analyzed for different case studies. The antenna shows a dual band characteristics having a return loss of below −20 dB at 3.2–3.5 GHz and below −10 dB at 5.6–5.8 GHz, which is suitable for IEEE 802.16 WiMAX and IEEE11p WLAN applications. CST MWS 2015 is used to simulate the antenna structure.

Microstrip patch antenna is widely presented based on its advantages, especially for WiMAX wireless applications. Although, reducing the antenna size is a distinguished topic of antenna development, the antenna performance significantly drops for a small antenna. In this paper, two slots on a compact square ring and defected ground structure (DGS) are presented for bandwidth enhancement and radiation efficiency at 5.5 GHz. When the DGS and slots are embedded in the structure of the designed antenna, two major improvements are achieved. Enhanced impedance bandwidths with |S11|< −10 dB range from 5.041 to 5.88 GHz (15.25%) and the radiation efficiency of 80.8% by loading DGS over conventional patch antenna are achieved. Both antennas with/without DGS achieve good far-field radiation patterns within the operating frequency band at 5.5 GHz. CST microwave studio is used for simulating the design. The physical antenna layout is printed on FR4 substrate. The proposed configuration has a miniaturized size of 25 × 25 mm2. The fabricated antenna is tested to validate the proposed design. Thus results obtained from simulations and measurements show good agreement. The proposed prototype can be considered a suitable candidate for WiMAX wireless applications.

A multiband gap-coupled staircase shaped patch antenna using defected ground structure (DGS) is proposed. To achieve multiple frequency bands, and large gain the gap coupled, shorting posts and defected ground structure techniques are used. The design is simulated by means of HFSS v.13 and antenna performance like return loss, VSWR, 3D-gain and radiation pattern are presented. The proposed antenna is resonating at resonant frequency of 3.5 GHz, 4.4GHz, 5.1GHZ, 5.85GHz, 9.15GHz, 11.15 GHz and 14.00GHz. The proposed antenna is more suitable element for WiMAX, long distance radio communication and satellite communication applications.

This chapter presents the study of performance parameters of stub loaded oval-shaped patch antenna using dumbbell-shaped metamaterials (MTM), electromagnetic bandgap structures (EBG), and defective ground structures. Metamaterials are loaded inside the substrate that is mounted on the partial ground plane. EBG and DGS structures utilize full ground planes. The partial ground plane has the dimensions of 10 × 6 × 0.035 mm3 and the full ground plane has the dimensions of 10 × 12 × 0.035 mm3. Many features like impedance bandwidth, gain, axial ratio, and miniaturization of the proposed patch antenna are studied using metamaterials, electromagnetic bandgap structures (EBG), and defective ground structures. The appropriate structure will be chosen depending on the wireless application. Metamaterial loaded patch antenna is recommended for wide bandwidth applications, patch antenna mounted the EBG ground is recommended for small antenna applications, and patch mounted on the DGS ground is recommended for high gain applications.

: This paper presents a two element microstrip antenna array using trapezium shape defected ground structure (DGS). The DGS is inserted in the ground plane between two elements of antenna array. Insertion of the DGS is intended to suppress the mutual coupling effect produced by antenna array. Simulation and measurement results were taken and compared between antenna array with and without DGS. Measurement results show that the antenna with DGS compared to antenna without DGS can suppress mutual coupling effect to 7.9 dB, improve the return loss to 33.29% from -30.188 dB to -40.24 dB and axial ratio bandwidth enhancement to 10 MHz. This bandwidth enhancement is achieved from frequency 2.63 GHz – 2.67 GHz for antenna without DGS and from frequency 2.63 GHz – 2.68 GHz for antenna with DGS. In addition, the DGS antenna also improved the antenna gain to 0.6 dB. The results show that the implementation of the trapezium DGS can improve the radiation properties of the antenna without DGS.

Wireless body area network (WBAN) incorporates a wireless sensor network and wearable devices in miniature size. In this paper, a dual-band microstrip patch (DBMSP) antenna as a sensor with a modified split ring resonator (SRR) and defective ground structure (DGS) is proposed for muscle mass measurement and prediction. Modified SRR on the ground plane forms a defected ground structure (DGS) for back radiation reduction and suits muscle mass measurement. The proposed dual-band microstrip patch antenna resonates at 5.2 GHz and 8.4 GHz, with impedance bandwidth of about 0.9 GHz and 1.89 GHz, input reflection coefficient is about -21.12 dB and -14.5 dB, respectively. This DBMSP antenna has an efficiency of 99.9%, with a negligible amount of specific absorption rate (SAR). From the proposed DBMSP antenna sensor, muscle mass is predicted from human muscle. The proposed antenna is fixed on the ventral surface of the forearm and biceps. DBMSP antenna sensor detects electromagnetic energy from muscle tissues under radiating near-field conditions. The muscle tissue signal is acquired through the proposed DBMSP antenna. The acquired antenna process with nondecimated wavelet transform (NDWT) and discrete wavelet transform (DWT) algorithms for noise reduction. Further, early prediction of muscle mass prevents humans from lack of protein and oxygen levels in the blood and avoids major issues in human health. The proposed DBMSP antenna-based muscle mass measurement achieves 89% accuracy when compared with laboratory measurement.

Application of defected ground structure (DGS) to suppress cross-polarized (XP) radiation from a microstrip patch antenna has been reinvestigated using a new DGS geometry for much improved characteristics. Arc-shaped defect has been used in pair, symmetrically located under a circular patch. A number of optimization parameters have been examined using simulated results, leading to a design indicating improved XP behavior. A set of identical prototypes, with and without DGS, have been experimentally studied. The presence of the DGS shows as much as 30 dB isolation of the XP level from its peak radiation, and that compared to an identical patch without DGS indicates an improvement by as much as 12 dB. The relative suppression in XP values are found to be around 7-12 dB over ±75° elevation around the boresight of the patch.

In this paper a slotted microstrip patch antenna has been designed that works for two frequencies 1.42GHz and 2.65GHz. Since a microstrip patch antenna works only on one resonant frequency so converting that into a multiband patch antenna would enhance the bandwidth and also utilizes the multiple frequencies of operation. This multiband slotted patch antenna is fabricated on FR4 lossy dielectric substrate whose dielectric constant is 4.3 and height is 1.6mm. The length and width of patch are taken as 51.16mm and 39.86mm respectively. we cut out the slots so that the patch antenna works at multiple frequencies. Another advantage of presented design is it reduced the size of antenna actually required for 1.42GHz frequency. Simulation and analysis of slotted patch antenna is done by CST software. Simulation and fabrication results show that the presented antenna design characteristics meet with the standard characteristics of antenna.

A microstrip line-fed broadband rectangular microstrip patch antenna is proposed to work in 5G applications in an endeavor to play a significant role in the communication system, which operates at 28 GHz. An initial rectangular microstrip patch antenna has been designed and analysis its performance. The intended operating frequency range has been tuned in using a cutting the slot and edge with a partial ground plane approach (28.00 GHz-29.96 GHz). The inset-fed microstrip patch antenna presented in this paper has a defected ground structure (DGS) and is constructed on a Teflon substrate with a 2.1 dielectric constant. The use of a defected ground slot increases the antenna’s bandwidth and efficiency compare to full ground plane of antenna. With a wide -10dB bandwidth of 1.96 GHz, the developed antenna is projected to function at 28.90 GHz for the 5G application. Its return loss is -39.42dB. Additionally, the antennas have an overall size of 35 x39x1.57 mm3, a wide bandwidth of 1.96 GHz, and strong gain and directivity across the whole operating band. The VSWR value is 1. This proposed antenna produces better outcomes than some of the existing antennas described in a recent scholarly study. First, an antenna is designed, followed by simulation and performance analysis done using Computer Simulation Technology (CST) software. The improvement of the antenna’s parameters and operational bandwidth for 5G applications significantly improved during analysis. It follows that this antenna will probably be adequate for 5G wireless communication systems.

An MPA, or microstrip patch antenna, is an antenna made out of a metal patch mounted on a grounded base. The shape of the metallic patch is flexible and may be a rectangle, a circle, a triangle, etc. For decades, microstrip patch antennas have played a crucial role in wireless communication systems. The Mobile Phone Industry has come to rely heavily on the MPA in recent years. The primary goals of this study are to minimise XP radiation, suppress a higher-order mode that isn't desired (a spurious mode), shrink the size of planar RMPA, and increase its gain for use at lower frequencies (S-band, 2–4 GHz). A pair of symmetrical metallic stubs loaded between the ground and the patch, a pair of symmetrical linear slots etched in the ground plane as DGS(Defected Microstrip Surface) (DMS), and the incorporation of a rectangular slot etched in the radiating patch as DMS(Defected Ground Structure) near the non-radiating edge all contribute to this goal. The HFSS simulator was used to conduct analyses of the investigated parameters, including return loss, gain, radiation pattern, etc.

A highly miniaturized microstrip patch antenna is presented in this paper. The antenna is miniaturized using defected ground structure and shorting pin techniques. The defected ground structure is formed by making a U slot on the ground plane. The substrate taken is Rogers and the feed technique used will be coaxial. The antenna has dual band operation also. The antenna is having omni directional radiation pattern and the return loss considered is −10dB. The antenna has resonant frequencies at 2.4 GHz with a return loss of −13.6 dB and 5.2 GHz with a return loss of −18 dB. This antenna can be used for WLAN applications.

This paper presents the theoretical and experimental investigation of novel rectangular finite grounded microstrip patch antennas (MPAs) with defected ground structure (DGS) for broadband and dual band operations. Bandwidth of 31% is found by only defecting the ground plane of the MPA and dual frequency dual band MPA suitable for Wi-MAX and WLAN operation with a size reduction of 65.8% has also been achieved successfully by cutting the slot in the patch in addition to defect the ground plane.

This paper presents a novel slotted rectangular dual-band (28/42GHz) patch antenna for fifth generation (5G) network applications. A simple microstrip patch antenna of the size 8×8×0.8 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> has been proposed having impedance bandwidth of 2/9.2 GHz for 28/42 GHz transmission frequency, to resolve the issues of the required compactness, high gain and improved efficiency of the 5G wireless applications. Rogers RO4350 (lossy) is used as a substrate material having dielectric constant and thickness of ε <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">r</sub> =3.66 and 0.8 mm, respectively. For the resonant frequencies of 28.2 GHz and 42 GHz, the gain of 6.2 dB is achieved for the entire considered bandwidth and a directional radiation pattern is achieved for millimeter-wave transmission. A defected ground structure (DGS) is formed by placing a rectangular slot under the ground, underneath the feed line of a microstrip patch antenna (MSA) which results in improving of the gain. The comparison of the DGS, full ground, and the effect of the slot technique are shown in detail with simulation results in CST. The results for return loss, VSWR, gain, efficiency, directivity, and current distributions shows that the proposed antenna is well suited for the 5G applications in the millimeter-wave region.