Microstrip patch antenna performance analysis with Defected Ground structures: A review

Microstrip patch antenna is widely presented based on its advantages, especially for WiMAX wireless applications. Although, reducing the antenna size is a distinguished topic of antenna development, the antenna performance significantly drops for a small antenna. In this paper, two slots on a compact square ring and defected ground structure (DGS) are presented for bandwidth enhancement and radiation efficiency at 5.5 GHz. When the DGS and slots are embedded in the structure of the designed antenna, two major improvements are achieved. Enhanced impedance bandwidths with |S11|< −10 dB range from 5.041 to 5.88 GHz (15.25%) and the radiation efficiency of 80.8% by loading DGS over conventional patch antenna are achieved. Both antennas with/without DGS achieve good far-field radiation patterns within the operating frequency band at 5.5 GHz. CST microwave studio is used for simulating the design. The physical antenna layout is printed on FR4 substrate. The proposed configuration has a miniaturized size of 25 × 25 mm2. The fabricated antenna is tested to validate the proposed design. Thus results obtained from simulations and measurements show good agreement. The proposed prototype can be considered a suitable candidate for WiMAX wireless applications.

An innovative method is proposed to improve the cross-polarization performance and impedance matching of a microstrip antenna by integrating a complimentary split ring resonator and slots as a defected ground structure. An equivalent circuit model (ECM) enables the design take into consideration the mutual coupling between the antenna patch and the Defected Ground Structure. The input impedance and surface current density analysis confirms that the integration of a CSRR within a rectangular microstrip patch antenna leads to uniform comparative cross-polarization level below 40 dB in the H-plane, over an angular range of ± 50°. Introducing parallel slots, as well, leads to a reduction of spurious antenna radiation, thereby improving the impedance matching. Measurements conducted on a fabricated prototype are consistent with simulation results. The proposed antenna has a peak gain of 4.16 dB at 2.6 GHz resonating frequency, and hence is good candidate for broadband service applications.

A microstrip patch antenna using a defected ground structure (DGS) to suppress higher order harmonics is presented. An H-shaped defect on the ground plane with only one or more unit lattices has been utilized and yielded bandstop characteristics. Compared with a conventional microstrip patch antenna without the DGS unit cell, the radiated power of the DGS patch antenna at harmonic frequencies has been drastically decreased.

ABSTRACTIn this article, a novel dual‐band bandpass filter using composite right/left handed (CRLH) triangle mushroom structure and defected ground structure (DGS) is proposed. The proposed filter uses triangle mushroom structure as the CRLH transmission line to achieve low‐in‐band insertion loss and compact size, and DGS to achieve out‐band rejection. Simulation and measurement results are in good agreement and the good properties mentioned above have been verified. It is proved that CRLH triangle mushroom structure and DGS can be both used to reduce the size of the filter and increase the rejection between the passbands in multipassband filter applications for the first time. This new combination of the two different structures has succeeded in achieving excellent performance. This novel filter can be applied in the microwave circuits and wireless communication systems. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 55:2756–2759, 2013

Application of defected ground structure (DGS) to suppress cross-polarized (XP) radiation from a microstrip patch antenna has been reinvestigated using a new DGS geometry for much improved characteristics. Arc-shaped defect has been used in pair, symmetrically located under a circular patch. A number of optimization parameters have been examined using simulated results, leading to a design indicating improved XP behavior. A set of identical prototypes, with and without DGS, have been experimentally studied. The presence of the DGS shows as much as 30 dB isolation of the XP level from its peak radiation, and that compared to an identical patch without DGS indicates an improvement by as much as 12 dB. The relative suppression in XP values are found to be around 7-12 dB over ±75° elevation around the boresight of the patch.

In this paper, we have proposed a Slotted Microstrip Patch Antenna with a Defected Ground Structure (DGS). Here, we have integrated the concept of DGS and Slotted Patch Antenna in order to get enhanced bandwidth and gain. The proposed antenna consists of a microstrip fed slotted rectangular patch with E-shaped cut in the ground plane. The performance of this antenna is discussed and analyzed with the variations in patch width and number of slots. The variations in Return Loss (S11), Radiation Pattern and Gain of the designed antenna are analyzed for different case studies. The antenna shows a dual band characteristics having a return loss of below −20 dB at 3.2–3.5 GHz and below −10 dB at 5.6–5.8 GHz, which is suitable for IEEE 802.16 WiMAX and IEEE11p WLAN applications. CST MWS 2015 is used to simulate the antenna structure.

An MPA, or microstrip patch antenna, is an antenna made out of a metal patch mounted on a grounded base. The shape of the metallic patch is flexible and may be a rectangle, a circle, a triangle, etc. For decades, microstrip patch antennas have played a crucial role in wireless communication systems. The Mobile Phone Industry has come to rely heavily on the MPA in recent years. The primary goals of this study are to minimise XP radiation, suppress a higher-order mode that isn't desired (a spurious mode), shrink the size of planar RMPA, and increase its gain for use at lower frequencies (S-band, 2–4 GHz). A pair of symmetrical metallic stubs loaded between the ground and the patch, a pair of symmetrical linear slots etched in the ground plane as DGS(Defected Microstrip Surface) (DMS), and the incorporation of a rectangular slot etched in the radiating patch as DMS(Defected Ground Structure) near the non-radiating edge all contribute to this goal. The HFSS simulator was used to conduct analyses of the investigated parameters, including return loss, gain, radiation pattern, etc.

In this paper, a new defected ground structure is using to miniaturize microstrip patch antenna array for S-band at 2.45GHz. Initially, the novel structure of microstrip patch antenna designed at C-band resonates at 5.8GHz which operate in the Industrial Scientific Medical band (ISM). The proposed DGS is integrated in the ground plane of the patch antenna for size reduction. This structure has all favor to obtain a great gain and size reduction of microstrip patch antenna array. Finally, the resonance frequency of the novel structure of microstrip patch antenna shifts from 5.8GHz to 2.45GHz and with better performance miniaturization up to 85.53%. The antenna array presents a good performance in terms of gain 7.026dB and bandwidth 157.5MHz in the Industrial Scientific Medical band (ISM) centered at 2.45GHz. The design and simulation process is carried out by using two electromagnetic solvers CST-MW studio and HFSS.

A new microstrip patch antenna that resonates on more than one frequencies and yields sufficiently high bandwidth is presented. Several variations of the proposed design are simulated using practically used dielectric materials. Detailed input return loss plots, VSWR plots, and radiation pattern plots are presented. A comparative study of all simulated results is presented. The design that yields the best performance is chosen for further optimization using deliberately-created defects in the ground plane, called Defected Ground Structures (DGS). It is observed that improvement in bandwidth is achievable through using the DGS.

Wireless body area network (WBAN) incorporates a wireless sensor network and wearable devices in miniature size. In this paper, a dual-band microstrip patch (DBMSP) antenna as a sensor with a modified split ring resonator (SRR) and defective ground structure (DGS) is proposed for muscle mass measurement and prediction. Modified SRR on the ground plane forms a defected ground structure (DGS) for back radiation reduction and suits muscle mass measurement. The proposed dual-band microstrip patch antenna resonates at 5.2 GHz and 8.4 GHz, with impedance bandwidth of about 0.9 GHz and 1.89 GHz, input reflection coefficient is about -21.12 dB and -14.5 dB, respectively. This DBMSP antenna has an efficiency of 99.9%, with a negligible amount of specific absorption rate (SAR). From the proposed DBMSP antenna sensor, muscle mass is predicted from human muscle. The proposed antenna is fixed on the ventral surface of the forearm and biceps. DBMSP antenna sensor detects electromagnetic energy from muscle tissues under radiating near-field conditions. The muscle tissue signal is acquired through the proposed DBMSP antenna. The acquired antenna process with nondecimated wavelet transform (NDWT) and discrete wavelet transform (DWT) algorithms for noise reduction. Further, early prediction of muscle mass prevents humans from lack of protein and oxygen levels in the blood and avoids major issues in human health. The proposed DBMSP antenna-based muscle mass measurement achieves 89% accuracy when compared with laboratory measurement.

This paper presents a novel slotted rectangular dual-band (28/42GHz) patch antenna for fifth generation (5G) network applications. A simple microstrip patch antenna of the size 8×8×0.8 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> has been proposed having impedance bandwidth of 2/9.2 GHz for 28/42 GHz transmission frequency, to resolve the issues of the required compactness, high gain and improved efficiency of the 5G wireless applications. Rogers RO4350 (lossy) is used as a substrate material having dielectric constant and thickness of ε <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">r</sub> =3.66 and 0.8 mm, respectively. For the resonant frequencies of 28.2 GHz and 42 GHz, the gain of 6.2 dB is achieved for the entire considered bandwidth and a directional radiation pattern is achieved for millimeter-wave transmission. A defected ground structure (DGS) is formed by placing a rectangular slot under the ground, underneath the feed line of a microstrip patch antenna (MSA) which results in improving of the gain. The comparison of the DGS, full ground, and the effect of the slot technique are shown in detail with simulation results in CST. The results for return loss, VSWR, gain, efficiency, directivity, and current distributions shows that the proposed antenna is well suited for the 5G applications in the millimeter-wave region.

Bridged Circular Microstrip Patch Antenna for Wireless Applications

Compact bowtie-shaped microstrip patch antennas with low cross-polarization and wideband harmonic suppression

This paper presents the theoretical and experimental investigation of novel rectangular finite grounded microstrip patch antennas (MPAs) with defected ground structure (DGS) for broadband and dual band operations. Bandwidth of 31% is found by only defecting the ground plane of the MPA and dual frequency dual band MPA suitable for Wi-MAX and WLAN operation with a size reduction of 65.8% has also been achieved successfully by cutting the slot in the patch in addition to defect the ground plane.

A novel triple-band Defected Ground Structured (DGS) meandered monopole antenna is presented in this paper. In the proposed antenna, three vertical and one horizontal protrudent strips are employed onto ground plane to increase the bandwidth. High Frequency Structure Simulator (HFSS) software based on Finite Element Method (FEM) is used to attain the performance parameters of proposed antenna. The simulated results of triple-band proposed antenna cover the required bandwidths of the PCS-1900/UMTS-2100 and the 2.4/5.2/5.8 GHz WLAN standards. Keywords: Microstrip Patch Antenna (MPA), Defected Ground Structure (DGS), Triple Band, Peak Gain and Peak Directivity, Bandwidth (B.W.), Return Loss (S11), Voltage Standing Wave Ratio (VSWR).