A parallel implementation of collective learning systems theory: Adaptive Learning Image Analysis System (ALIAS)

The classification process for pattern recognition uses sensors to read measurements from input examples. A feature function next reduces and quantizes these measurements into feature vectors (combinations of feature data). Finally, using the feature vectors, a decision function classifies the current example by comparison to a statistical model of feature vector data. Which particular feature vectors are made available to the decision function has usually been determined during the design phase by the person constructing the system depending on the hardware available for the sensors. With an adaptive synthesis layer, however, a collective learning automata learns which feature vectors are contributing to correct classification and dynamically adjusts the decision function accordingly. A weighted average scheme is used to combine multiple subhypotheses of the example's class (known as rank hypotheses) into a single output hypothesis (known as the super hypothesis). Updating the weights depends on two factors: an evaluation score and a feature vector compensation. The score is a collective measure of the weighted average combination of rank hypotheses. The feature vector compensation is an individual measure of each feature vector's contribution to the overall decision based on a history of detected patterns. This two-layer approach is one of the most efficient methods in multi-objective programming, yet the application of this approach to machine learning as proposed in this dissertation is unique. In particular, a collective learning automation is used to enhance the combination of a number of candidate class subhypotheses into as single, unique classification. This process is refereed to as adaptive synthesis. This approach has been applied to black and white character recognition and grey scale block classification using the Adaptive Learning Image Analysis System (ALIAS) at the George Washington University and the Research Institute for Applied Knowledge Processing (FAW) in Ulm, Germany.

In order to realize optimal education in madrasa needs professional management. It can happen if supported by adequate funding sources because education without funding will not work. The provision of BOS funds by the government is a breakthrough program to help finance schools. However, in the implementation process, it experiences many obstacles. As experienced by MI Ma’arif Panjeng Jenangan Ponorogo, such as delays in distributing BOS funds. Of course, this can hinder the learning process. However, even so, MI still exists and takes part in the world of education. The increasing number of students each year is proof of the importance of good Human Resources financing management at MI Ma’arif Panjang. This issue cannot be overlooked. The aims of this study were (1) to find out the planning, (2) to find out the implementation, and (3) to find out the evaluation of education management financing in MI Ma’arif Panjeng. This study uses a type of qualitative research. Data collection used in this study were semi-structured interviews, observation and documentation. The data analysis technique uses an interactive model from Milles and Huberman to analyze the research data by collecting, condensation, drawing conclusions and presenting. The results of this study are (1) On the planning aspect, preparation of the budget plan begins with holding the institution’s annual work meeting, (2) On the implementation aspect of education financing includes two activities, namely receiving funds and disbursing funds, (3) On the evaluation aspect of education financing, it is accountable, namely following planning and can be accounted. There are two forms of evaluation, namely internal and external evaluation. The foundation carries out internal evaluations, which are monthly, annual, and committee evaluations. At the same time, the external evaluation is carried out by the government (BOS funds).

Background: Intragroup evaluation is a process through which faculty members, students, and university officials examine the strengths and weaknesses of their department by assessing the educational unit to clarify the status of the department. Objectives: The present study aimed to investigate the internal evaluations (IEs) of the departments conducted at Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences (KUMS), Iran. Methods: In this descriptive study, IEs were performed at KUMS during 2012-2018. A summary of the documented information was collected by a checklist, and 22 IEs of the university departments during this period were reviewed. Data analysis was performed in SPSS version 21. Results: Most of the IEs were evaluated within six months. In 100% of the cases, the educational goals of a specific department, cases of the evaluation areas, and assessment criteria were determined and scored, and the lesson plans for the existing theory units were delivered to the students. In addition, documents of faculty members’ research activities, along with specific and codified programs for conferences, were reported. However, only 27.3% of the educational experts and 54.5% of the student representatives were involved in the group evaluation committee, and in 68.2% of the cases, there were lesson plans for skill units and clinical wards. On the other hand, 40% of the cases had a specific documentary program to assess the students’ academic decline/achievement in the groups. Conclusions: Formally, the IEs were performed correctly, and the obtained results briefly showed that they could achieve multiple academic goals. Due to the differences between the results and the observed state of the university, external evaluations are recommended as well.

The designer of a system on a chip (SoC) that connects IP cores through a network on chip (NoC) needs methods to support application performance evaluation. Two key aspects these methods have to address are the generation and evaluation of network traffic. Traffic generation allows injecting packets in the network according to application constraint specifications such as transmission rate and end-to-end latency. Performance evaluation helps in computing latency and throughput at network channels/interfaces, as well as to identify congestion and hot-spots. This paper reviews related works in traffic generation and performance evaluation for mesh topology NoCs, and proposes general methods for both aspects. Three parameters are used here to define traffic generation: packet spatial distribution, packet injection rate and packet size. Two types of methods to evaluate performance in NoCs are discussed: (i) external evaluation, a common strategy found in related works, where the network is considered as a black box and traffic results are obtained only from the external network interfaces; (ii) internal evaluation, where performance is computed in each network channel. The paper presents the result of experiments conducted in an 8times8 mesh network, varying the routing algorithms and the number of virtual channels. The main contribution of this work is the set of methods for internal NoC evaluation, which help designers to optimize the network under different traffic scenarios

Focused on the interpersonal aspects of internal evaluation in non-profit organisations, this book presents practice-based discussions centred on six key topics identified through the authors’ experience as evaluation practitioners. Internal Evaluation in Non-Profit Organisations: Practitioner Perspectives on Theory, Research, and Practice is not a step-by-step how-to guide; instead, each chapter unpacks an aspect of internal evaluation in non-profits that is paid insufficient heed in the existing literature. Written by and for internal evaluation practitioners, the book contains a plethora of practical strategies and critical analysis of thought-provoking topics that are of particular interest and importance to internal evaluators in non-profit settings. The authors understand the pressures facing practitioners and non-profit organisations and share their insights around improving evaluation’s ability to be efficient, embedded, useful, and meaningful. This book will be of interest to researchers, scholars, and students focusing on non-profit management and will hold specific value for internal evaluators who want to harness their unique and influential position to help organisations achieve their goals. Further, this book is ideal for individuals wanting to think critically about evaluation and improve evaluation utilisation by developing their professional capability, building teamwork skills, using informal everyday data, incorporating theory, and developing fruitful relationships with external evaluators.

Focussing on the Republic of Ireland, this chapter begins by providing some information about the context and noting current external and internal evaluation practices. The scene preceding the current state of play is explained, when a claim was made about the decline in quality of education provision in Ireland. The policy response to this claim was, in part, a series of decisions made centrally to expand external evaluation practices and to make internal evaluation obligatory. While analysis elsewhere has charted Ireland’s school evaluation reform historically (Coolahan and O’Donovan, 2009) or connected it to global patterns in education reform movements at the system level (Brown et al., 2016a), less attention has been paid to analysing how individual teachers make sense of the reform and, specifically, linking their sense-making processes to theories of professional agency. In this chapter vignettes constructed from interview data generated with three teachers are presented, offering rich accounts of teachers’ sense-making of external and internal evaluation. Interview data manifested as tangled tales in the process of generating the vignettes, whereby the teachers demonstrated professional agency in both resistance and compliance with new policies of evaluation in their practice. In the discussion that follows, themes recurring in the vignettes are raised, providing an insight into dilemmas of policy and practice in local contexts. Based on their sense-making, where teachers declare themselves or appear as either active subjects or passive objects through local school evaluation practices, implications for contemporary practices of evaluation are highlighted.

Knowledge on the extent and mechanisms of fish damage caused by hydropower facilities is important for the conservation of fish populations. Herein, we assessed the effects of hydropower turbine passage on internal fish injuries using X-ray technology. A total of 902 specimens from seven native European fish species were screened for 36 types of internal injuries and 86 external injuries evaluated with a previously published protocol. The applied systematic visual evaluation of X-ray images successfully detected skeletal injuries, swim bladder anomalies, emphysema, free intraperitoneal gas and hemorrhages. Injuries related to handling and to impacts of different parts of the hydropower structure could be clearly distinguished applying multivariate statistics and the data often explained delayed mortality within 96 h after turbine passage. The internal injuries could clearly be assigned to specific physical impacts resulting from turbine passage such as swim bladder rupture due to abrupt pressure change or fractures of skeletal parts due to blade-strike, fluid shear or severe turbulence. Generally, internal injuries were rarely depicted by external evaluation. For example, 29% of individuals with vertebral fractures did not present externally visible signs of severe injury. A combination of the external and internal injury evaluation allows quantifying and comparing fish injuries across sites, and can help to identify the technologies and operational procedures which minimize harm to fish in the context of assessing hydropower-related fish injuries as well as in assessing fish welfare.

Image restoration of the open-loop adaptive optics retinal imaging system based on optical transfer function analysis

In this study, it was aimed to make a meta-evaluation of the study titled Evaluation of Measurement and Evaluation in Education Curriculum. For this purpose, it was revealed to what extent the study meets the Program Evaluation Standards determined by the Joint Committee on Standards for Educational Evaluation (JCSEE). Methodologically, meta-evaluation procedures were adopted in the research, and the Evaluation Accountability Standards determined by JCSEE were considered in the transactions carried out in this context. The Program Evaluation Standards Checklist developed by the researchers was used to control whether the meta-evaluated research met the required standards. For this purpose, controls were made by an internal and an external evaluator to reveal whether the study has the qualities of accurate planning, valid and reliable data collection, performing the necessary analyzes, and reporting which should be in an effective program evaluation research. According to the data obtained from internal and external evaluators, the meta-evaluated study largely (88.33%) meets the Program Evaluation Standards. In addition, according to both evaluators, Utility Standards were met by 88.9%, Feasibility Standards by 75%, and Accuracy Standards by 100%, while Propriety Standards are met at a rate of 87.5% according to the external evaluator and 75% according to the internal evaluator. Moreover, the experts are of the opinion that sufficient information was not provided in the research, especially about the concepts of cultural values, interests, contexts, and conflicts of interest. Based on the research findings, suggestions were made to conduct program evaluation and meta-evaluation studies more effectively.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis strategi bisnis PT. Rempoa Indonesia Teknologi, sebuah perusahaan yang beroperasi di sektor pengadaan barang dan jasa elektrikal. Dalam konteks pasar yang kompetitif dan dinamis, studi ini mengimplementasikan metode analisis strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, threats (SWOT), Internal Factor Evaluation (IFE), External Factor Evaluation (EFE), dan Competitive Profile Matrix (CPM) untuk mengevaluasi posisi strategis perusahaan. Melalui analisis SWOT, kekuatan dan kelemahan internal perusahaan serta peluang dan ancaman eksternal diidentifikasi. Evaluasi Internal Factor Evaluation (IFE) menyoroti kekuatan internal seperti efisiensi operasional dan keahlian teknis, sementara kelemahan seperti ketergantungan pada pemasok tertentu dan kurangnya diversifikasi produk menjadi fokus perhatian. External Factor Evaluation (EFE) mengungkapkan peluang yang ada dalam ekspansi pasar dan kebijakan pemerintah yang mendukung, serta ancaman termasuk fluktuasi harga bahan baku dan persaingan harga. Competitive Profile Matrix (CPM) memberikan perspektif komparatif dengan pesaing utama, menunjukkan keunggulan PT. Rempoa Indonesia Teknologi dalam distribusi dan reputasi, namun juga menyoroti kebutuhan untuk peningkatan strategi pemasaran dan inovasi produk. Berdasarkan temuan ini, strategi bisnis yang direkomendasikan meliputi diversifikasi produk, peningkatan inovasi, efisiensi rantai pasokan, dan strategi pemasaran yang lebih agresif untuk mengamankan dan memperluas pangsa pasar. Penelitian ini memberikan wawasan penting bagi pemangku kepentingan dalam merumuskan strategi yang efektif untuk pertumbuhan dan keberlanjutan dalam industri elektrikal.

Given a set of sensors, the strong minimum energy topology (SMET) problem is to assign transmit power to each sensor such that the sum of the transmit powers of all the sensors is minimum subject to the constraint that the resulting topology containing only bidirectional links is strongly connected. This problem is known to be NP-hard. However, most of the wireless sensor networks are hierarchical in nature, where shorter path lengths are preferred for communication between any two nodes. Given a set of sensors and a specified sensor, say $$r$$r, the strong minimum energy $$2$$2-hop rooted topology problem ($$2$$2h-SMERT) is to assign transmit power to each sensor such that the sum of the transmit powers of all the sensors is minimum subject to the constraints that the resulting topology containing only bidirectional links is strongly connected and the length of the path from $$r$$r to any other node is at most $$2$$2. We prove that the $$2$$2h-SMERT problem is NP-hard. We also prove that $$2$$2h-SMERT problem is APX-hard. We then show that $$2$$2h-SMERT problem is not approximable within a factor of $$\frac{1}{2}(1-\epsilon ) \ln n$$12(1-∈)lnn unless NP $$\subseteq DTIME(n^{\log \log n})$$⊆DTIME(nloglogn). On the positive side, we propose a $$2(1+ \ln n)$$2(1+lnn)-approximation algorithm for the $$2$$2h-SMERT problem. We also study two special cases of the $$2$$2h-SMERT problem, namely, the $$d$$d-rest-$$2$$2h-SMERT problem and the $$k$$k-int-$$2$$2h-SMERT problem. We propose a $$2(1+ \ln d)$$2(1+lnd)-approximation algorithm for the $$d$$d-rest-$$2$$2h-SMERT problem. The $$k$$k-int-$$2$$2h-SMERT problem is NP-hard for arbitrary $$k$$k. However, for fixed constant $$k$$k, we propose a $$\frac{k+1}{2}$$k+12-approximation algorithm for the $$k$$k-int-$$2$$2h-SMERT problem and obtain a polynomial time optimal algorithm for the $$k$$k-int-$$2$$2h-SMERT problem for $$k=2$$k=2.

This chapter is focused on spatially adaptive image processing for color images in the context of the General Adaptive Neighborhood Image Processing (GANIP) approach. The GANIP was first defined for gray-tone images and is here extended to color images. A set of local adaptive neighborhoods is defined for each image point, depending on the color intensity function of the image. These adaptive neighborhoods are then used as spatially adaptive operational windows for defining adaptive Choquet filters and adaptive morphological filters. The resulting adaptive operators are successfully applied and compared with the classical operators for image restoration, enhancement and segmentation of color images.

In the 21th century, university is a knowledge factory for teachers and scholars to perform education and research, and a translation media of science to technology. Universities are emerged to transform that is directed by repositioning after evaluation. University policy makers are missioned to reposition their universities for the 21th century market. Foreseeing transformation from education/research to entrepreneurial due to market demand, policy makers are suggested to adopt Mintzberg's strategic planning principle for repositioning, CIPP and BSC models for internal evaluation, SWOT and Porter's 5 force analysis for internal and external evaluation to relocate the positions of universities. The indicators for self- and internal evaluation and repositioning may follow CUAA and Californian systems. A SMTIE model for university positioning is proposed. Using Taiwan as a local case study, it is suggested that public universities would to be merged to “multiversity” and private universities would transform to “entrepreneurial” or becoming “omniversity” according to the evaluation based on SMITE model.

The hypothesis is advanced that external evaluation of properties in the inductive formation of knowledge (IFK) method reflects, to greater extent, the degree of separation of object classes in the object domain and, to a lesser extent, the properties of the IFK method itself, while internal evaluation, in contrast, reflects the property of the IFK method and is related, to a lesser degree, to the separability of object classes in the object domain. The experimental confirmation of this hypothesis is presented.

Este artigo apresenta alguns resultados de uma pesquisa realizada em uma escola que obteve um ótimo desempenho no ENEM/2009. Os principais objetivos foram investigar e analisar quais competências profissionais de professores de Matemática do ensino médio são consideradas relevantes por essa instituição de ensino e qual a influência da cultura da performatividade no trabalho desses docentes. Para isso, entrevistamos a coordenadora, a supervisora e os quatro professores do ensino médio da instituição investigada. Verificamos que as competências mais valorizadas são influenciadas diretamente pela necessidade de obtenção de bons resultados em avaliações internas e externas. São elas: administrar o tempo, manter-se atualizado quanto às avaliações externas e relacionar-se bem com os alunos. Também constatamos que boa parte das ações da equipe gestora consiste em alinhar o corpo docente, objetivando a aprovação de seus estudantes nos mais concorridos exames vestibulares do país.