A PFC-based PMBLDCM drive for air-conditioner using half-bridge buck converter

This paper aims at the application of a half bridge DC-DC converter as a power factor correction (PFC) converter for a permanent magnet brushless DC motor (PMBLDCM) driven air conditioner. This PFC converter is fed from singlephase AC mains through diode bridge rectifier (DBR) and connected to a voltage source inverter (VSI) feeding the PMBLDCM. The proposed PFC half-bridge converter based PMBLDCM drive is controlled to have the variable speed operation of the compressor for efficiency improvement of the air conditioning system. The control scheme for the PFC converter based PMBLDCM drive is designed, modeled and its simulation is carried out in Matlab-Simulink environment for an air conditioner compressor driven through a 1.5 kW, 1500 rpm PMBLDC motor. The obtained results are presented to validate the effectiveness of the proposed adjustable speed drive in wide range of the speed and an AC input voltage. An improved power quality is observed with almost unity power factor and improved efficiency of the drive in a wide range of the speed and an AC input voltage.

This paper aims at a power factor corrected (PFC) buck bridge DC-DC converter for a permanent magnet brushless DC motor (PMBLDCM) for an air conditioner. This PFC converter is fed from a single-phase AC mains through a diode bridge rectifier (DBR) and connected to a voltage source inverter (VSI) feeding the PMBLDCM. The Speed of the proposed PMBLDCM drive is controlled to improve efficiency of the air conditioning system. The control scheme for the PFC bridge converter based PMBLDCM drive is designed, modeled and its simulation is carried out in Matlab-Simulink environment for an air conditioner compressor driven through a 3.75 kW, 1500 rpm PMBLDC motor. The obtained results are presented to validate the effectiveness of the proposed PFC converter based adjustable speed drive. An improved power quality is observed with almost unity power factor and improved efficiency of the drive in a wide range of the speed and an AC input voltage.

In this study, a bidirectional DC-to-DC quadratic converter (BDQC) is designed and developed for the motoring and regenerative braking (RB) of a permanent magnet brushless DC (PMBLDC) motor for a light electric vehicle (LEV) application. A PMBLDC motor is deemed more suitable for an electric vehicle (EV) due to its high efficiency and torque density. In the present work, a BDQC of 1 kW is designed to drive a 1.1 HP PMBLDC motor through a conventional voltage source inverter (VSI). An EV’s load cycle is emulated using a highly inertial load driven by a PMBLDC motor during the converter’s boost mode operation. RB is a crucial factor in extending the driving range of EVs by efficiently utilizing battery power. The converter operates in buck mode during RB, and simultaneously, the back electromotive force (EMF) of the PMBLDC machine is boosted by the self-inductance of the PMBLDC motor and the VSI. The braking technique used in this work eliminates the traditional drawback of RB in buck mode, as the power is extracted even when the motor’s back EMF is lower than the battery’s voltage. The control strategy has been implemented using the TMS320F28335 DSP controller for a developed converter prototype of the converter and driving the PMBLDC motor. The experimental results are compared to the simulation results, and a good alignment has been found.

The scope of this research is to manage the speed of Permanent Magnet Brushless DC Motor Drive (PMBLDCMD) for various less capacity applications. In the circuit, a 1ϕ AC power is given to Diode Rectifier and the converted DC supply is given to condenser, which leads to abnormal pulsating current. Because of this pulsating current, the power quality disturbances arise at the supply point. Hence, the PMBLDCMD requires Power Factor Correction (PFC) converter for many household and profitable applications. The rotors of PMBLDCMD are driven by 3ϕ voltage source inverter (VSI), which performs electronic commutation. The range of PFC converter for feeding PMBLDCMD has high emphasis on the power quality (PQ) norms, cost and performance of controllers. The proposed converter requires very less components, which imposes less stress, low ripple and less power loss with positive voltage polarity. The chopper is used to correct the power factor. Various chopper layouts like buck boost Converters and boost converters with single switch are used. The mostly used regulated structures for PFC converters govern the current with continuous conduction technique and to govern the potential differential tracker using discontinuous conduction method (DCM). The processes like examining, modelling and governing of PFC converters are applied for upgrading the quality of power in AC supply.

This paper deals with a new terminal voltage-based rotor position sensorless algorithm of permanent magnet brushless DC (PMBLDC) motor with adaptive phase angle compensation along with regenerative braking technique for light electric vehicle (LEV) application. Removal of Hall-Effect sensors from PMBLDC motor reduces the circuit complexity and makes the motor drive system robust and compact. Back EMF based position estimation of PMBLDC motor suffers poor accuracy at low speed. In this paper, position sensorless operation is achieved at very low speed below 100rpm. Position estimation of PMBLDC motor suffers with commutation error due to several factors like non-ideal back EMF, lowpass filter used, unbalanced DC bus voltage etc. An adaptive phase angle compensation strategy is developed to mitigate this issue, considering a generalized nonideal commutation case. This method is suitable for compensation of commutation error during variable speeds over a wide speed range, which is required for EV application. Moreover, the compensation method works with motor parameters variation as well. The proposed drive topology extends the vehicle's driving range with solar PV integration and energy regeneration algorithm. The system is simulated and experimentally validated in real case scenarios.

In this paper, performance of voltage source inverter.(VSI) fed Permanent Magnet Brushless DC Motor(PMBLDCM) with Power Factor Correction (PFC) is discussed. A power factor correction converter is suggested at the input to correct the power factor on the input side. The conventional circuit is improved by introducing double boost converter at the input side. The Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) inverter fed Permanent Magnet Brushless DC motor system with L-filter, T-filter and double boost converter are simulated and the results are presented. The performance of PMBLDCM operating with the above mentioned converters is studied. By digital simulation, the characteristics of the PMBLDCM system are investigated. FFT analysis for various converters is presented. The simulation results indicate improved performance. Key words : VSI; Double boost converter; PMBLDC; Harmonic reduction; PWM; PFC; Sim power systems DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjsir.v46i4.9591 BJSIR 2011; 46(4): 457-464

This manuscript deals about the configuration of a power factor correction (PFC) converter feeding a drive of brushless DC (BLDC) motor for medium and low power equipment. The front-end PFC converter working in discontinuous inductor current mode (DICM) is applied for regulating the DC link voltage and PFC is achieved inherently. The BLDC motor speed is adjusted by regulating the DC link voltage of voltage source inverter (VSI) feeding to motor. The DC link voltage of drive system is maintained by a single DC voltage actuator. A prototype is developed for evaluating the performances of anticipated drive for the speed control over a broad range. The performance of anticipated drive is also validated for its function at varying AC mains voltages (90V–265V). Test results for power quality (PQ) parameters are compared with restrictions of power quality standard IEC 61000-3-2.

A topological review of the single stage power factor corrected (PFC) rectifiers is presented in this paper. Most of reported single-stage PFC rectifiers cascade a boost type converter with a forward or a flyback DC-DC converter so that input current shaping, isolation, and fast output voltage regulation are performed in one single stage. The cost and performance of a single-stage PFC converters depend greatly on how its input current shaper (ICS) and the DC-DC converter are integrated together. For the cascade connected single-stage PFC rectifiers, the energy storage capacitor is found in either series or parallel path of energy flow. The second group appears to represent the main stream. Therefore, the focus of this paper is on this group. It is found that many of these topologies can be implemented by combining a 2-terminal or 3-terminal boost ICS cell with DC-DC converter along with an energy storage capacitor in between. A general rule is observed that translates a 3-terminal ICS cell to a 2-terminal ICS cell using an additional winding from the transformer and vice versa. According to the translation rule, many of reported single-stage PFC topologies can be viewed as electrically equivalent to one another. Several new PFC converters were derived from some existing topologies using the translation rule.

LLC resonant converter is a good candidate for single-stage ac–dc converter, which can realize both functions of power factor correction (PFC) and output voltage regulation, and contribute to the improvement of conversion efficiency and power density. However, voltage mode (VM) controlled single-stage half-bridge LLC PFC converter has the disadvantages of large dead-zone of input current and hard-switching operation, since there is no current control. Besides, the voltage ripple of input filter brings asymmetrical operation of the converter between the positive and the negative half-switching cycle. In order to solve these problems, this article presents a modified numerical calculation method, which can realize accurate characterization of the asymmetrical behavior of resonant current and voltage. Based on that, the switching frequency of LLC resonant converter for unity power factor (PF) is derived. A method of fitting the switching frequency is proposed to simplify the circuit implementation. A 250-W/48-V prototype has been built to verify the analysis results. Experimental results show that the proposed voltage-mode variable-frequency (VM-VF) controlled LLC resonant PFC converter can achieve high efficiency of up to 94.08% and power factor of 0.95 over the input voltage range of 180–260 VAC.

In low power single-phase power supplies, single-stage AC/DC converters allow meeting low frequency harmonic regulations such as EN 61000-3-2 and they result a cheaper and simpler solution than the two stages approach. The series inductance interval (SII) gives its name to a new family of single-stage power factor correction (PFC) converters which have been developed to obtain three features: a storage capacitor voltage below the peak value of line voltage, low variation of this voltage with line and load changes, and input current harmonics lower than the EN 61000-3-2 Class D limits for the full load power range. This paper present the principle of operation of the SII converters besides the first experimental results.

Power Factor Correction (PFC) converter is a key component in modern switching power supplies, while high efficiency and high power density are the main goals of PFC converter. In this paper, taking a single-phase Boost circuit as an example, a PFC converter with 300 kHz switching frequency and 1 kW output power which is based on continuous inductor current (CCM) mode is designed to reduce the volume of the core component and improve the power density of the converter. The paper includes the detailed design of the boost inductor, the analysis of the loss of the inductor at high frequency operation and the loss of the PFC converter. Finite element analysis is used to verify that the winding loss can be reduced by taking multi-strand wire winding. New semiconductor devices CoolMOS and SiC are employed which can reduce the loss effectively. The experimental results are provided which demonstrate that the employ of SiC diode and multi-strand wire winding can enable enhanced performance on efficiency.

This paper presents a single-stage isolated power factor corrected power supply (SSIPP) fed permanent magnet brushless DC (BLDC) motor drive. An advantage of fast voltage regulation with single voltage control loop of SSIPP is utilised to develop a power factor correction (PFC) based BLDC motor drive. The speed of BLDC motor is controlled by varying the DC link voltage of the voltage source inverter (VSI) feeding BLDC motor using a single voltage sensor. A boost-flyback SSIPP operating in discontinuous inductor current mode (DICM) is used for the voltage control with improved power quality at AC mains. A fundamental frequency switching of VSI is used instead of pulse width modulation (PWM) switching to avoid high frequency switching losses in it. The performance of the proposed BLDC motor drive is evaluated for wide range of speed control with power quality indices with-in the recommended limits of international power quality standards such as IEC 61000-3-2.

A simple and accurate five-terminal switched transformer average model was used to perform the AC analysis of single-stage power factor correction (PFC) converter using PSPICE. Unlike other models presented in literature, the proposed switching cell includes the transformer leakage inductance, the intermediate bus input, and still addresses both continuous and discontinuous conduction modes. The developed PSPICE model is very relevant to isolated converters including the PFC example provided here, which are not easily handled by other models.

Dedicated to such industry requirements as high power, rigorous harmonic standard and isolation, a novel solution that combines the topology of full-bridge and fully digital controller is presented. This paper deals with a 5 KW power factor correction (PFC) converter that is based on the topology of single-stage (SS) full-bridge (FB) structure with input current shaper and RCD clamping circuit. Especially, the clamping capacitor can partly return its stored energy. A transformer used to provide galvanic isolation allows a wide range of output, offering multi-output solutions. The adopted improved digital strategy features fast dynamic response and excellent steady regulation, in addition, problem of flux density bias for the transformer that occurs in analog control strategy is successfully solved without any auxiliary circuit. Both power stage and density are drastically improved. High power factor and high efficiency are achieved. The excellent performances of the converter are verified by a prototype, whose rating output power is 5 kW and PFC operating frequency is 55 kHz. Furthermore, PF value and efficiency of full load are respective 0.994 and more than 92%.

The operation of the two-phase interleaved CRM Boost power factor correction (PFC) converter with coupled inductors is analyzed in this paper. Since the equivalent inductance varies with the switching mode and duty cycle, the current mode control method should be adopted to achieve PFC rather than the voltage mode control. The switching frequency is derived, and the self inductance is discussed in term of the minimum switching frequency, which should be higher than 20 kHz to avoid acoustic noise. The design methodology of the coupled inductors is presented as well. Compared to the discrete inductors, the coupled inductor has small size and low copper usage, so the power density of the PFC converter can be increased.