A simulation based evaluation on the performance of integrated 3G wireless LAN network

Radio access networks are evolving towards the support for mobile multimedia services with quality of service (QoS) guarantees. While this trend is clearly seen, a relation to the fixed network evolution and the legacy wireless systems has to be kept in mind. This paper discusses a general reference scenario for broadband radio access networks with QoS support. In this context the required entities, distribution of functionalities and interfaces are studied in detail using ATM core network and wireless ATM radio access network as example technologies. Finally, an ATM based system demonstrator is discussed.

Heterogeneous wireless systems such as a combination of mobile broadband wireless access (MBWA) and wireless local area network (WLAN) are candidates to attain the large capacity in next generation mobile communication systems. For capacity expansion, small cell networks using millimeter wave are necessary. However, small cell networks have only several meters coverage, thus their resources are used by only a small part of traffic. In this paper, we propose the traffic navigation using the high accuracy positioning information and channel quality & traffic maps. In the proposed scheme, each user terminal schedules the timing of the data packet transmission on the basis of the expected user's route. Using the proposed traffic navigation, the system-wide load balancing can be realized. The simulation result shows that the proposed scheme can improve the system throughput in comparison with the conventional one.

An inverted L‐shaped dual band monopole antenna with a parasitic octagonal split ring resonator (OSRR) is proposed for multiple modern wireless communication systems. The proposed antenna is designed and evaluated with the help of CST Microwave Studio. The antenna is fabricated on an FR4 substrate with an overall footprint of 19 mm × 19.5 mm × 1.6 mm. The proposed antenna has two operating bands, which extends from 2.70 to 4.18 GHz and 4.92 to 5.20 GHz, supporting various wireless applications such as wireless local area network (WLAN), wireless interoperability for microwave access (WiMAX), long‐term evolution (LTE), and sub‐6 GHz new radio (NR) bands (n48/n77/n78/n79). The metamaterial characteristics are analyzed and validated with the NRW method of parameter extraction. Further, the implemented design is analyzed with various dielectric materials, including ARLON AD 250C, ARLON AD 300D, FR‐4, ROGER RO 3003, ROGER RO 3006, and ROGER TMM 10 to show the impact of substrate material on the characteristics of the proposed antenna. The prototype of the proposed antenna is fabricated and experimentally tested for validating the simulated outcomes. The measured results demonstrate strong agreement with the simulated results. Due to its compactness, the proposed antenna proves itself as a potential choice for the next generation wireless communication systems.

In this paper, we present a novel approach for using the smart antennas (SA) to exploit the space diversity for the next generations of mobile communication systems. We propose a combination of the MUltiple SIgnal Classification (MUSIC) and the Least Mean Squares (LMS) algorithms in one algorithm named MLMS. We propose the MUSIC algorithm for finding the direction of the users in the cell while we consider the LMS algorithm for enhancing the accuracy of the obtained Direction of Arrival (DOA) angles, performing the beam generation process, and keep tracking of the users in the cell. Furthermore, we propose a scheduling algorithm that performs the scheduling in terms of the generated beams. The space diversity, together with the time and frequency diversities of LTE (Long Term Evaluation) provide a large capacity enhancement to the next generations of wireless mobile communication systems. Our simulation results show that our novel approach has the capability to converge and completely follow the desired user signal with a very high resolution. The convergence and the accurate tracking of the desired user signal take place after 13 iterations while in the traditional LMS, the convergence needs 85 iterations to take place. This means 84.7% improvement over the traditional LMS algorithm for the same number of calculations in each iteration. In addition, our proposed scheduling scheme based on beamforming shows a gain of around 15% in the total aggregated data rate for each 10° decrease in the beam size.

For the purpose of creating a mobile multimedia society, the part of broadband communication in next generation mobile communication systems should be supported by wireless LAN technologies. Especially for public service applications, wireless LAN requires several features, i.e., to have as high mobility as cellular systems have and a high data rate which cannot be obtained with cellular systems. The authors confirmed those capabilities using the 5 GHz/25 GHz OFDM wireless LAN systems HiSWANa/ARIB STD-T70 and HiSWANb/ARIB STD-T83. As for a high-speed mobile system, Japan Railway's express train Shikoku Ishizuchi was chosen and transmission at 95 km/hour up to a distance of 800 meters was achieved. As for the high data uplink requirement, the emergency medical system was recommended and a 10 Mbps wireless uplink was achieved when transmitting cardiograph information and video signals from, respectively, the ultrasonic diagnostic equipment and video cameras viewing the patient and the scene of the accident.

The scope of this work is to present a holistic approach in quality of service (QoS) and quality of experience (QoE) characterization and prediction in modern mobile communication networks. Analytically, multi radio access technologies have been deployed in order to deliver mobile services to quality demanded consumers. Quality of Experience (QoE) parameters describe the End-to-End (E2E) quality as experienced by the mobile users. These parameters are difficult to be measured and quantified. System Quality of Service (SQoS) parameters are metrics that are closely related to the network status, and defined from the viewpoint of the service provider rather than the service user. Moreover, E2E Service Quality of Service (ESQoS) parameters describe the QoS of the services and they are obtained directly from the QoE parameters by mapping them into parameters more relevant to network operators, service providers and mobile users. A useful technique for mobile network planning and optimization is to build reliable quality estimation models for mobile voice and video telephony service.

In recent years, there has been a growing demand in 3G data services, leading to deteriorating 3G service quality. Noting that Wireless Local Area Networks (WLANs) as well as 3G cellular networks are widely available today, WLANs could be effectively utilized to relieve the overload in the 3G networks. On the other hand, use of IEEE 802.11 WLAN Access Points (APs) has proliferated tremendously, resulting in a communication device inside a mobile vehicle to access the Internet. However, using Internet through APs in moving vehicles is challenging since WLAN APs have a short range and are typically not deployed to cover all roads. Several studies have investigated the performance of using intermittently available WLAN connectivity from moving vehicles for data transfers and predictive offloading in WLAN/3G networks. However, these works have not addressed mobility pattern from the viewpoint that drivers' mobility is generally known to have a daily routine. Therefore, in this paper, we consider the user's historical mobility to decide to offload data to WLAN instead of switching to 3G network. The user's application usage pattern is also considered into predicting available WLANs. To evaluate the performance of our offloading algorithm, we analyze the prediction error and conduct simulations. The simulation results show that the proposed algorithm achieves shorter transmission time than the existing schemes that do not consider user's mobility pattern by delivering more data to the WLANs.

In order to pursue rapid development of the new generation of wireless communication systems and elevate their security and efficiency, this paper proposes a novel scheme for automatic dual determination of modulation types and signal to noise ratios (SNR) for next generations of wireless communication systems, fifth-generation (5G) and beyond. The proposed scheme adopts unique signatures depicted in two-dimensional asynchronously sampled in-phase-quadrature amplitudes' histograms (2D-ASIQHs)-based images and applies the support vector machines (SVMs) tool. Along with the estimation of the instantaneous SNR values over 0-35 dB range, the determination of nine modulation types that belong to different modulation categories i.e., phase-shift keying (Binary-PSK, Quadrature-PSK, and 8-PSK), amplitude-shift keying (2-ASK and 4-ASK) and quadrature-amplitude modulation (4-QAM, 16-QAM, 32-QAM, and 64-QAM) could be achieved by this scheme. The application of this scheme has been simulated using a channel model that is impaired by additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) and Rayleigh fading, covering a broad range of SNRs of 0-35 dB. The performance of this dual-determination scheme shows high modulation recognition accuracy and low mean SNR estimation error. Therefore, it can be a better alternative for designers of next generation wireless communication systems.

Third generation mobile communication systems like the European UMTS will enable a flexible communication, free from standard specific regulation of modulation, channel coding, baud rate and multiple access schemes. This flexibility can only be reached by a radio structure which performs all baseband functions in software and is therefore totally software programmable. To ensure that different software configurations can be understood and supported by all mobile terminal architectures a general programming language is required to describe the used air interface components. By the example of the second generation mobile communication systems like the European GSM, the Japanese PDC, the American IS-54 (respectively IS-136) and the European wireless communications system DECT, a common description and implementation of the transceiver functions like channel coding, modulation and equalisation have been developed.

The popularity of agents in artificial intelligence (AI) can be seen almost everywhere in the form of effective decision making, predictive analysis, expert systems, and so on. In parallel, wireless communication systems in the form of wireless local area networks (WLANs) and wireless personal area networks (WPANs) are also providing tremendous support for data communication. Exploring and utilizing the benefits of artificial intelligence and wireless communication systems together in an environment are still in the nascent stage due to the divergent characteristics of the respective domain. One of the major drawbacks in the existing wireless communication system is interference in 2.4 GHz band. This work proposes a multi-agent-based interference mitigation technique to mitigate the interference issues in wireless communication system and aims to enhance the communication process in terms of packet delivery ratio. This work is implemented as a pilot project in an educational institution for teaching students in wireless communication environment, the result shows that technology has added new dimensions to teaching–learning process, and performance of the wireless communication system is also increased in terms of packet delivery ratio.

Effective support of real‐time multimedia applications in wireless access networks, viz. cellular networks and wireless LANs, requires a dynamic bandwidth adaptation framework where the bandwidth of an ongoing call is continuously monitored and adjusted. Since bandwidth is a scarce resource in wireless networking, it needs to be carefully allocated amidst competing connections with different Quality of Service (QoS) requirements. In this paper, we propose a new framework called QoS‐adaptive multimedia wireless access (QoS‐AMWA) for supporting heterogeneous traffic with different QoS requirements in wireless cellular networks. The QoS‐AMWA framework combines the following components: (i) a threshold‐based bandwidth allocation policy that gives priority to handoff calls over new calls and prioritizes between different classes of handoff calls by assigning a threshold to each class, (ii) an efficient threshold‐type connection admission control algorithm, and (iii) a bandwidth adaptation algorithm that dynamically adjusts the bandwidth of an ongoing multimedia call to minimize the number of calls receiving lower bandwidth than the requested. The framework can be modeled as a multi‐dimensional Markov chain, and therefore, a product‐form solution is provided. The QoS metrics—new call blocking probability (NCBP), handoff call dropping probability (HCDB), and degradation probability (DP)—are derived. The analytical results are supported by simulation and show that this work improves the service quality by minimizing the handoff call dropping probability and maintaining the bandwidth utilization efficiently. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

While operators have started deploying fourth generation (4G) wireless communication systems, which could provide up to 1Gbps downlink peak data rate, the improved system capacity is still insufficient to meet the drastically increasing demand of mobile users over the next decade. The main causes of the above-mentioned phenomenon include the following two aspects: 1) the growth rate of the network capacity is far below that of user's demand, and 2) the relatively deterministic wireless access network (WAN) architecture in the existing systems cannot accommodate the prominent increase of mobile traffic with space-time domain dynamics. In order to address the above-mentioned challenges, we investigate the time-spatial consistency architecture for the future WAN, whilst emphasizing the critical roles of some spectral-efficient techniques such as Massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO), full-duplex (FD) operation and heterogeneous networks (Het-Nets). Furthermore, the energy efficiency (EE) of the HetNets under the proposed architecture is also evaluated, showing that the proposed user-selected uplink power control algorithm outperforms the traditional stochastic-scheduling strategy in terms of both capacity and EE in a two-tier HetNet. The other critical issues, including the tidal effect, the temporal failure owing to the instantaneously increased traffic, and the network wide load-balancing problem, etc., are also anticipated to be addressed in the proposed architecture.

Software radio, whose functions can be changed simply by replacing only software, is the key to next generation wireless communication systems. We have constructed a software radio prototype based on a multiprocessor architecture. This prototype supports the Japanese personal handy-phone system (PHS) and IEEE 802.11 wireless LAN systems. The paper reports the performance of the prototype. The system re-configuration function and the over-the-air (OTA) download protocol of the prototype are described in detail. The system re-configuration function changes the wireless communication mode of the software radio by replacing the software. To enter the PHS mode takes about ten seconds. The proposed general-purpose OTA download protocol works over TCP/IP. It is very secure because it uses secure socket layer (SSL). It is confirmed that the software can be downloaded from the download server normally.

The complementary characteristics of wireless cellular networks and wireless local area networks (WLANs) make them suitable to jointly offer seamless wireless access services to mobile users. In an integrated cellular/WLAN system, the quality-of-service (QoS) requirements for different services (e.g., voice, real-time video) require admission control to limit the number of connections in each access network. In this paper, we first develop an analytical model to facilitate the evaluation of different admission control policies in a multiservice integrated cellular/WLAN system. We then formulate two different revenue-maximization problems. Each problem takes different QoS requirements into account. By solving the equivalent cost-minimization problems, we evaluate the system performance when different combinations of cutoff priority and fractional guard channel admission control policies are being used. Results show that using a cutoff priority policy in both wireless access networks can achieve the optimal solution for the two optimization problems under a wide range of network conditions.

The advent of the wireless communications systems augurs new cutting-edge technologies, including self-driving vehicles, unmanned aerial systems, autonomous robots, the Internet-of-Things, and virtual reality. These technologies require high data rates, ultra-low latency, and high reliability, all of which are promised by the fifth generation of wireless communication systems (5G). Many research groups state that 5G cannot meet its demands without artificial intelligence (A.I.) integration as 5G wireless networks are expected to generate unprecedented traffic giving wireless research designers access to big data that can help in predicting the demands and adjust cell designs to meet the users' requirements. Subsequently, many researchers applied A.I. in many aspects of 5G wireless communication design including radio resource allocation, network management, cyber-security. In this paper, we provide an in-depth review of A.I. for 5G wireless communication systems. in this respect, the aim of this paper is to survey A.I. in 5G wireless communication and networking by discussing many case studies, discuss the challenges, and shed new light on future research directions for leveraging A.I. in 5G wireless communications.