A Study of the Residents’Consciousness on the Special Project for the Private Park Development

Chapter 1: Governance and Planning of Mega-City Regions: Diverse Processes and Reconstituted State Spaces Jiang Xu and Anthony G.O. Yeh Part I: Multi-Level Governance and Planning in Europe Chapter 2: The Polycentric Metropolis: a Western European Perspective on Mega-City Regions Sir Peter Hall Chapter 3: Innovations in Governance and Planning: Randstad Cooperation Willem Salet Chapter 4: Strategic Planning and Regional Governance in Europe: Recent Trends and Policy Responses Louis Albrechts Part II: Multi-Polity Governance and Planning in Federacy Chapter 5: Novel Spatial Formats: Megaregions and Global Cities Saskia Sassen Chapter 6: America 2050: Towards a Twenty-first Century National Infrastructure Investment Plan for the United States Robert D. Yaro Chapter 7: Mega-City Regional Cooperation in the United States and Western Europe: A Comparative Perspective Linda McCarthy Chapter 8: Regions of Cities: Metropolitan Governance and Planning in Australia John Abbott Chapter 9: The Upper Spencer Gulf Common Purpose Group: A Model of Intra - Regional Cooperation for Economic Development Jim Harvey and Brian Cheers Part III: State-Led Governance and Planning under Transition Chapter 10: Coordinating the Fragmented Mega-City Regions in China: State Reconstruction and Regional Strategic Planning Jiang Xu and Anthony G.O. Yeh Chapter 11: Spatial Planning for Urban Agglomeration in the Yangtze River Delta Chaolin Gu, Taofang Yu, Xiaoming Zhang, Chun Wang, Min Zhang, Cheng Zhang and Lu Chen John Abbott is a practicing metropolitan planner in South East Queensland, Australia. He was previously the Project Coordinator of the SEQ 2001 and SEQ 2021 regional planning projects. He teaches planning theory and metropolitan planning at the University of Queensland. He has analyzed metropolitan planning processes in South East Queensland, Greater Vancouver, and New York using concepts of planning as managing uncertainty. Louis Albrechts is Professor of Department of Architecture, Urbanism and Planning at the Catholic University of Leuven, Belgium. His research interests include strategic spatial planning, sustainable development, and regional design, and he has published widely on these issues. He is the founder and co-editor of European Planning Studies, a corresponding member of the German Academy for Research and Planning, and a member of the Advisory Board of the global Research Network on Human Settlements. Brain Cheers is Research Professor Emeritus of Community Development and former Director of the Center for Rural and Regional Development at the Whyalla Campus of the University of South Australia. He is also Founding Director of the Northern Australia Research Institute and the Center for Social and Welfare Research at James Cook University. He has published four books, and many monographs and papers on rural and regional issues. Lu Chen is PhD candidate in Economic Geography at the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee. Chaolin Gu is Professor, School of Architecture, Tsinghua University. He has published sixteen books and over 260 articles on urban and regional planning, regional economics, and urban geography in China. He is the principal investigator of a number of projects on China's urban and regional development and planning. He is Vice President of the Chinese Geographical Association, and serves on editorial boards of many journals and academic councils. Sir Peter Hall is Bartlett Professor of Planning and Regeneration at the Bartlett School of Architecture and Planning, University College London. He has received the Founder's Medal of the Royal Geographical Society for distinction in research, and is an honorary member of the Royal Town Planning Institute, which awarded him its Gold Medal in 2003. He holds fourteen honorary doctorates from universities in the UK, Sweden, and Canada. He received the 2005 Balzan Prize for work on the Social and Cultural History of Cities since the Beginning of the 16th Century. He is a Fellow of the British Academy and the European Academy and President of the Town and Country Planning Association. He was knighted in 1998 and in 2003 was named by Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II as a Pioneer in the Life of the Nation at a reception in Buckingham Palace. Jim Harvey is Adjunct Professor of the Center for Rural Health and Community Development at the University of South Australia. His most recent publications have been on intra-regional cooperation in urban and regional development. He is currently the Australian Manager of an Australian Aid (AusAid) community development project in the Eastern Highlands Province of Papua and New Guinea. Linda McCarthy is Associate Professor of Geography at the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, and is also a certified planner. Her research focuses on urban and regional economic development and planning in the United States, Western Europe, and China. Her publications comprise books, book chapters, reports, and articles in peer reviewed journals such as Environment and Planning A, The Professional Geographer, Tijdschrift voor Economische en Sociale Geografie, Journal of Planning Education and Research, and Land Use Policy. Willem Salet is Professor of Urban and Regional Planning at the Faculty of Social and Behavioral Sciences at the University of Amsterdam. He is also the President of the Association of European Schools of Planning. His research specializes in spatial planning and metropolitan governance, urban networks, and decision making in strategic urban projects. He coordinated various research projects on behalf of the European Union, national ministries, the National Scientific Foundation, and other stakeholders in the field of urban studies, and has published widely on regional planning and governance. Saskia Sassen is Robert S.Lynd Professor of Sociology of Department of Sociology and Member of the Committee on Global Thought, at Columbia University. Her most recent books are Territory, Authority, Rights: From Medieval to Global Assemblages (Princeton University Press 2006) and A Sociology of Globalization (W.W.Norton 2007). Her books have been translated into sixteen languages. Her comments have appeared in Guardian, New York Times, International Herald Tribune, Newsweek International, and Financial Times, among others. She serves on several editorial boards and is an advisor to several international bodies. She is a member of the Council on Foreign Relations, a member of the National Academy of Sciences Panel on Cities, and chaired the Information Technology and International Cooperation Committee of the Social Science Research Council (USA). Chun Wang is an urban planner in the Master Planning Department at Beijing Tsinghua Urban Planning and Design Institute. Jiang Xu is Assistant Professor in the Department of Geography and Resource Management, the Chinese University of Hong Kong. She is a specialist in urban and regional issues, and is currently leading research projects in intercity competition and cooperation, as well as urban and regional governance in China. Dr. Xu has published widely on urban and regional development in leading international journals and is co-author with F. Wu and Anthony G.O. Yeh of Urban Development in Post Reform China: State, Market and Space (Routledge 2007). She was the recipient of the 2008 Research Output Prize of the University of Hong Kong. Robert Yaro is President of Regional Plan Association, America's oldest independent metropolitan policy, research, and advocacy group. He is also Professor of Practice in City and Regional Planning at the University of Pennsylvania. He has taught at Harvard University and the University of Massachusetts. He co-chairs the Empire State Transportation Alliance and the Friends of Moynihan Station, and is Vice President of the Forum for Urban Design. He serves on Mayor Bloomberg's Sustainability Advisory Board, which helped prepare PlaNYC 2030, New York City's new long-range sustainability plan. Anthony Yeh is Academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. He is also Chair Professor and Head, Department of Urban Planning and Design, and Director, Center of Urban Studies and Urban Planning, University of Hong Kong. His main areas of specialization are in urban development and planning in Hong Kong and China, and the application ofaGIS in urban and regional planning. At present, he is Secretary-General of the Asian Planning Schools Association and Asia GIS Association. He is on the editorial boards of key international and Chinese journals, and has published over thirty books and monographs, and over 180 academic journal papers and book chapters. He received the 2008 UN-HABITAT Lecture Award for his outstanding and sustained contribution to research, thinking, and practice in the human settlements field. Taofang Yu is Lecturer, School of Architecture, Tsinghua University. He has published four books and about fifty articles on urban competition and the mega city-region. Cheng Zhang, is a certified urban planner, and is performing civil service at the Nanjing Urban Planning Bureau. He has published five articles on the mega city-region and the mega-project. Min Zhang is Associate Professor, Department of Urban and Regional Planning, Nanjing University. She has published about 30 articles on urbanization, the megalopolis, and the global city-region. Xiaoming Zhang is PhD candidate, School of Architecture, Tsinghua University. He has published about six articles on the mega city-region and spatial regionalization.

The agricultural economy in Nigeria is still largely rudimentary and its wealth creation potentials have been hampered by inability of cottage level processors to add value to their produce among others. The study investigated value addition to processed cassava tubers among cottage level processors in Ogun state, Southwestern, Nigeria. Owode Local Government Area was purposively selected and interview schedule was administered on one hundred and twenty five (125) randomly selected processors. Data was analyzed using the descriptive statistics and the multiple regression analysis. The study revealed that the most important constraints faced by cassava processors are high perishability of cassava tubers, high transportation cost, and inadequate capital among others. Also, the multiple linear regression analysis revealed that cost of labour, cost on machine, and quantity of raw materials processed positively and statistically influenced value added to cassava tuber at 1% significant level. It is recommended that processor should organize themselves into cooperatives or associations that will help them mobilize funds to take advantage of improved welfare that will result from increasing their scale of operation.

Urban transportation functions as a means of dealing with various sorts of demand-supply relations among urban functions or facilities scattered throughout a city. To analyze urban transportation from a spatial point of view, therefore, it is necessary not merely to direct our attention to the flows of goods and persons as such but also to consider them with reference to the arrangement of various urban facilities and to the manner of land use, etc. This paper aims to inquire into what pattern the automobile flow has in Nagoya, one of the representative metropolises in this country, where the automobile transportation bears a comparatively high ratio to the whole urban transportation, and into how the pattern is related to the urban structure.First of all, I have examined the relation between the volume of automobile transportation and the socio-economic features of areas, and the factors in the variation of the volume of automobile transportation from one region to another. The result is that the volume of automobile transportation is greatest in the central area of the city which has a large number of automobiles and brisk economic activity, while it tends to decrease proportionally depending upon the distance from the central area. And the volume varies with the manner of land use. Generally speaking, the volume of transportation concerning commercial, industrial and residential land use is great in every area. Furthermore, in the case of land use for commerce, business and housing, the volume of transportation per square kilometre differs only a little in different areas, while in the case of land use for urban management, transportation, agriculture, etc., there is a considerable difference. On the other hand, the volume of inter-regional transportation is in inverse proportion to the distance between regions and in direct proportion to the amount of economic activity; it is possible to account for this by means of the so-called gravity model.Next, I have applied factor analysis in order to derive the pattern of automobile transportation from 48×48 origin/destination automobile flow matrix, thereby setting up 12 functional areas. The arrangement of these functional areas represents a sectoral feature centering around the city center; this feature is held in common with many other cities. To put it more strictly, however, the sectors do not center around the heart of the city as the sole focus common to them all, but rather they divide the city into blocks each with its own center. This may be a characteristic flow pattern of automobiles in metropolises.On the other hand, it has been proved that the transportation flow pattern bears a close relationship to regional distribution of socio-economic activities within the city, topological features, road networks, etc. In other words, it has been confirmed to some extent that each of the functional areas consists of regions with different land use patterns judged according to the Modified Weaver's Method, and that there is transportation between regions of different land use. And examination of the border lines of the functional areas suggests that rivers, canals, railroads, etc. have a function of obstructing or restricting transportation flow. These may be considered as factors in the formation of the transportation flow pattern peculiar to urban areas.As stated above, transportation and movement within an urban area are closely related to factors in the urban structure such as land use patterns. Consequently, as a problem for the future, it will be necessary to explain this relationship between them from various standpoints and to make a more microscopic analysis of the matter with major emphasis laid upon the individual's behavioral pattern.

Abstract: Scams are systematically executed crimes. Criminal tactics are organized based on the targeted victims, timing, and technological advances. Various approaches have been implemented by authorities to educate and raise awareness among the public regarding the modus operandi and methods of self-protection against these crimes. Therefore, this study aims to identify the level of knowledge and behaviour on self protection against scam crimes among teenagers in Malaysia. A total of 482 teenagers aged 16 to 19 participated in this study. The survey instrument involved five constructs and 29 items formulated based on guidelines, campaigns, and promotional materials implemented by various authoritative agencies in Malaysia. Data were analyzed using descriptive analysis in the form of frequency, percentage, and cross tabs analysis. While the inference analysis used was the multiple regression analysis to analyze the influence of each variable toward respondents’ behaviour. The analysis results found that the scores of teenagers’ knowledge for two constructs were high (data information, data security), and three constructs were moderate (communication, digital content, problem-solving). Whereas the finding of multiple regression analysis indicated that all variables were significant in influencing respondents’ behaviour except for the digital content variable. Overall, this study proved that the protective actions taken by authorities against scam crimes were effective. However, these efforts need to be continued to ensure that these preventive elements can still be practiced in the future. Keywords: Scam; Teenagers; Communication; Digital Content; Problem-solving; Data Security; Data Information

Business process management (BPM) is the management of IT-supported business operations from a business expert's process view rather than from a technical perspective. The application of SW technologies to BPM has gained interest in both the academic and corporate sector. The most significant issue facing BPM is the integration of business processes in a dynamic environment with an IT system in order to adequately represent business operations and needs. In this paper, we describe how semantic Web technologies and business processes have been combined in order to construct an architecture for business process management, and we present a new framework for increasing exibility and adaptively of business processes, annotating semantic business process artifacts on all modeling levels, and advancing BPM towards knowledge-intensive processes.

La riorganizzazione del sistema della mobilità è spesso una delle chiavi interpretative più rilevanti nelle scelte di governo delle trasformazioni urbane. Nella gran parte degli interventi di trasformazione urbana orientati alla riqualificazione della città il ruolo delle scelte connesse al sistema della mobilità è sempre più incidente anche per la definizione del disegno urbano delle aree di trasformazione, ma soprattutto per migliorare l’efficienza e la vivibilità del sistema urbano. Il ruolo della pianificazione del sistema della mobilità rappresenta l’oggetto di questo lavoro. In particolare, l’articolo si sofferma su alcuni piani urbanistici di recente produzione elaborati per città italiane di grandi dimensioni (Roma, Bologna, Milano) per i quali la pianificazione del sistema della mobilità ha costituito l’occasione per rilanciare una nuova visione della città. Gli esempi riportati in questo articolo rappresentano il tentativo di mostrare come, in qualche misura, la pratica urbanistica stia rispondendo alla necessità di integrare obiettivi di sviluppo urbano ed esigenze della pianificazione dei trasporti orientandoli verso obiettivi comuni tesi al raggiungimento di una maggiore vivibilità.

The objective of the present study was to investigate, from a sociological perspective, the factors influencing social satisfaction with urban and civil services in the metropolis of Ahvaz. This research is applied in nature and employed a descriptive-survey methodology. The statistical population consisted of all residents aged 18 and above in the city of Ahvaz. Based on Cochran’s formula, the sample size was determined to be 384 individuals. A random sampling method was used. The research instrument was a researcher-made questionnaire, whose validity was confirmed through face validity and whose reliability was measured using Cronbach’s alpha, yielding a coefficient of 0.81. For data analysis, statistical tests such as Pearson correlation and multiple regression analysis were used. The results indicated a significant relationship (p < .05) between citizens’ socioeconomic status, awareness of civil rights, social trust, social participation, social security, social justice, social responsibility, and organizational governance with the level of social satisfaction regarding urban and civil services in Ahvaz metropolis. Furthermore, the results of multiple regression analysis revealed that the research variables, in total, explained 0.77 of the variance in social satisfaction with urban and civil services in Ahvaz. It can be concluded that the level of citizens’ social satisfaction with urban and civil services is a multidimensional phenomenon dependent on numerous variables. Urban planners must take these variables into account to achieve comprehensive development.

China’s urban development model has shifted from incremental expansion to inventory quality improvement. The demand for planning and allocation of spatial resources has moved from “having or not having” to “being good or not”, and the importance of planning, implementation, evaluation, and feedback in urban spatial planning and construction has gradually increased. How to accurately allocate resources in response to the public’s demands for urban construction and effectively enhance the public’s satisfaction and sense of gain regarding urban construction has become an important issue in current planning decisions. To strengthen public perception and feedback in spatial planning governance, this paper conducts empirical research on methods such as the subjective and objective perception differences of urban public service facilities by using the social satisfaction survey data from the East Lake High-tech Development Zone of Wuhan. Thereby, it identifies the characteristics of subjective and objective perception differences of urban public service facilities and puts forward targeted optimization methods for planning decisions. This paper can provide a reference for the precision planning and decision-making of public service facilities in the next step.

The development of the tourism, as a promising direction of socio-economic development of urban and rural areas, defines new approaches to the development of urban planning design documents. In this aspect, the connection is established between the types of tourism activities and urban planning facilities that are necessary for the implementation of the tourist approach. A matrix of town planning objects is proposed depending on the types of tourism. It allows to determine the direction and the formation of objects providing tourist activities, the placement of which should be reflected in the master plan of the city. The importance of developing regional and local standards for urban planning, taking into account the development of the tourism industry is demonstrated.

More than half a century has passed since the first use of models in urban planning. Most urban planners have agreed on using models either to simplify complicated systems or to make simulations of such systems in order to predict their future. There is, however, disagreement on how far such simplifications and simulations have worked toward the planners’ goals and objectives. In this paper, through historical analysis, we placed the model-theory interaction into the broader scope of scientific modeling to develop guidelines applicable to the narrow field of urban modeling. Here, we developed an argument that models’ applicability and meaningfulness in urban planning are primarily dependent on planning theories, that is, models and theories should move parallel to achieve all the functions and capabilities claimed by models. Thus, an interactive process shapes the model as the mediator between the theory and the phenomenon: (a) the theory explains an abstract phenomenon, (b) the model provides an understanding of that phenomenon, and (c) the original abstract explanation is revisited and made more practical. This evolutionary process is our view of the “mediator model,” that is, a new definition of the urban model.

According to behavioral finance theory, a person's investment decisions can involve aspects or elements of behavior, so that they are influenced by irrational attitudes. This study aims to determine individual behavior in making family investment decisions in terms of herding behavior and risk tolerance as well as demographic factors in the community in the city of Tasikmalaya. Primary data was taken by distributing questionnaires with snowball sampling technique and collected as many as 247 samples. Data were analyzed using crosstabs analysis and multiple regression analysis. The results of the descriptive analysis showed that the people of the city of Tasikmalaya are more likely to choose to invest in moderate risk assets and low risk assets, with a fairly low level of herding behavior and a fairly low level of risk tolerance. The results of the crosstabs analysis showed that there was no significant difference in determining the choice of the type of family investment, between women and men in the Tasikmalaya city community. However, the results of the analysis of other demographic factors, namely marital status, income, and age, there are significant differences in determining the choice of the type of family investment. The results of the multiple regression test showed that herding behavior and risk tolerance, simultaneously, had a significant effect on family investment decisions in the community in the city of Tasikmalaya. The results also showed that partially herding behavior had no significant effect on investment decisions in the community in the city of Tasikmalaya, but risk tolerance partially had a significant effect on investment decisions in the community in the city of Tasikmalaya..

The study was conducted to analyze whether the recent trends in preference toward small and medium-sized housing in Korea represent changes in space norms. To accomplish this, the existing data from Statistics Korea and two different empirical data sets collected in 2007 and 2012 from Ulsan, Korea, were statistically analyzed through descriptive statistics, cross-tabulation analysis with a chi-squared test and multiple regression analysis. In the analyses, the space norms of households were compared and any changes in the space norms and the related factors were determined. The space norms were mainly investigated in terms of the housing size and the number of rooms. The results are as follows: 1) since 2010, there have been changes in the housing stock distribution in terms of size. Stocks of small housing increased, while those of medium and large housing decreased. Nevertheless, the overall conditions of spatial density have improved considerably in the recent 30 years. 2) It was found that there were statistically significant differences between 2007 and 2012 in space norms. The norms for housing sized less than 99 m2 and with one or two rooms were found to have increased, while that for housing sized more than 132 m2 decreased. 3) Household size, education of the head, monthly household income, housing type and the number of bedrooms in the current dwelling were the significant explanatory variables of space norms.

The increasing use of artificial intelligence (AI) in fast-food ordering and delivery systems has transformed service processes, yet consumer adoption remains uneven. This study examines the factors influencing consumer attitude and behavioral intention toward AI-based smart ordering and delivery systems in the fast-food industry, using McDonald’s AI-based Smart Ordering and Delivery System in Malaysia as the empirical context. Using a quantitative approach, data were collected from 150 consumers in Malaysia and analyzed using multiple regression analysis. The results show that social influence has a significant positive effect on consumer attitude (β = 0.313, p < 0.001), while ease of use, enjoyment, perceived convenience, and trust do not significantly affect attitude. For behavioral intention, perceived convenience (β = 0.218, p < 0.01), social influence (β = 0.291, p < 0.001), and trust (β = 0.248, p < 0.01) are significant predictors, whereas consumer attitude is not (β = 0.066, p > 0.05). The models explain 29.8% of the variance in consumer attitude and 44.5% of the variance in behavioral intention. These findings suggest that adoption of AI-based ordering systems in fast-food contexts is driven more by social endorsement and functional considerations than by attitudinal evaluation.

Perception and preference of trees: A psychological contribution to tree species selection in urban areas

Discussion on Planning, Construction and Practical Exploration of Urban and Rural Sanitation Facilities