A study on users’ attention distribution to product features under different emotions

Emotional design is an important development trend of interaction design. Emotional design in products plays a key role in enhancing user experience and inducing user emotional resonance. In recent years, based on the user's emotional experience, the design concept of strengthening product emotional design has become a new direction for most designers to improve their design thinking. In the emotional interaction design, the machine needs to capture the user's key information in real time, recognize the user's emotional state, and use a variety of clues to finally determine the appropriate user model. Based on this background, this research uses a deep learning mechanism for more accurate and effective emotion recognition, thereby optimizing the design of the interactive system and improving the user experience. First of all, this research discusses how to use user characteristics such as speech, facial expression, video, heartbeat, etc., to make machines more accurately recognize human emotions. Through the analysis of various characteristics, the speech is selected as the experimental material. Second, a speech-based emotion recognition method is proposed. The mel-Frequency cepstral coefficient (MFCC) of the speech signal is used as the input of the improved long and short-term memory network (ILSTM). To ensure the integrity of the information and the accuracy of the output at the next moment, ILSTM makes peephole connections in the forget gate and input gate of LSTM, and adds the unit state as input data to the threshold layer. The emotional features obtained by ILSTM are input into the attention layer, and the self-attention mechanism is used to calculate the weight of each frame of speech signal. The speech features with higher weights are used to distinguish different emotions and complete the emotion recognition of the speech signal. Experiments on the EMO-DB and CASIA datasets verify the effectiveness of the model for emotion recognition. Finally, the feasibility of emotional interaction system design is discussed.

Emotional design is one of the most important methods in modern product design. It was highlighted after Donald A. Norman published his book Emotional design: why we love (or hate) everyday things. Emotional design addresses people’s needs and hopes which is in the center of the development of product design and product technology. Due to the lack of strong theoretical basis and quantitative analysis, many products can’t reach the goal of their designers with Emotional feelings, nor can consumer’s emotional understandings be similar to the designers’ emotional expectations. This paper analyzes the concept of emotional design and some difficulties which designers must to be faced in their emotional designing works, discusses on product shape design according to emotional design. On this basis, the Kansei engineering and emotional design methods are described in details.

In today's competitive market, successful product development hinges on understanding user needs and experiences. With the proliferation of expanding technologies like the Internet of Things, developers can gather vast amounts of data about user interactions. To leverage this wealth of information effectively, a user-centred approach to product development is imperative. This paper explores the convergence of usability and emotional design in product development, examining their interplay and impact on user experience. Through a review of existing literature, it investigates influential factors shaping the prioritisation of usability and emotional design elements. Key questions addressed include identifying these influential factors, assessing their impact on usability and emotional design, and elucidating their interrelationships. By shedding light on these dynamics, this systematic review aims to inform product developers and designers, facilitating the creation of products that resonate with users on both usableand emotional levels.

This research was aimed to explore the correlation between emotional design and the users' emotion, as well as to verify the influence on emotional arousal evoked by the features of different designs in the mutual interaction between humans and products. In 2002, as Norman proposed the 3-level definition separately composed of the instinct, behaviors, and reflection of emotional design, these were meant to describe the influential factors happening to the interactive processes between humans and products. In 2003, Desmet proposed an emotional scale titled PrEmo applicable to measure the self-report inventory of the emotion arisen from products. After questionnaire surveys were conducted in accordance with the aforesaid scientific literatures, data were collected with product examples substantially operated. It was meant to analyze the emotional difference arisen from various extents of emotional arousal. Also, the experiment was conducted to discover the emotional difference arisen from user's operation on different products with various extents of emotional arousal. Research results were inclusive of the items mentioned as below: (1) During the phase of visual stimulus, the purchase intention arisen from the products with emotional design were typically higher than those of the commodities for daily life; (2) In view of the products with emotional design, the purchase intention after hand-on operation was higher than that before experiencing; (3) After using the products, the satisfaction to those commodities for daily life was remarkably higher than those products with emotional design.

With the huge variables ushering in the Chinese takeaway market “COVID-19 pandemic”, there are more sinking user markets that continue to flood into it and the takeaway industry is booming. After the epidemic, the meaning of the word "takeaway" was extended from catering to food delivery, medicine delivery, and all kinds of necessities, and the takeaway delivery gradually accompanied the new retail consumption habits developed by users during the epidemic. In the whole service system of take-out delivery, with the increasing number of take-out delivery personnel, the take-out delivery e-bikes used are still ordinary travel e-bikes, lacking consideration and design of user behavior and usage scenarios. In the context of the new national standard "electric bicycle safety technical specifications" policy, there are still many takeaway delivery using electric bicycles do not meet the specifications, due to the delivery of limited time to arrive, a one-time delivery of overloaded goods and other cases of traffic accidents caused by frequent. This study introduces the KANO model and hierarchical analysis and TRIZ theory to study the real needs of users, and seeks to conduct innovative design research on take-away delivery electric bicycles.In the preliminary stage of the study, the secondary data research method was used to conduct preliminary summary research on a variety of businesses extending from the take-out industry, and the delivery process of riders in the take-out industry service system after receiving orders was derived through observation, interview, focus group discussion, and questionnaire research methods. Based on the KANO model framework to classify and prioritize user requirements, the non-linear relationship between product features and user satisfaction is identified based on the analysis of the impact of user requirements on user satisfaction. Recognize product and service requirements from the user's perspective, design and publish a valid questionnaire, summarize and classify the survey results, and build a quality model. Further research and analysis of the quality model to identify the sensitivity of specific measurement indicators. Combined with the hierarchical analysis method, the elements within the same level are compared in two-by-two analysis to determine their respective weights for the previous level, and finally give the importance ranking of all factors relative to the total goal, and finally tap into the real user needs. The TRIZ theory is then used to provide systematic theoretical and methodological tools for problem transformation, analysis and solution of needs creatively using innovative thinking methods and problem analysis methods, following the laws of technological system evolution. The KANO model and hierarchical analysis method are effectively combined with TRIZ theory to gradually quantify the qualitative analysis, which can generate more objective research data conclusions and provide innovative ideas for the design research of electric bicycle for delivery.In this study, the different needs of users are organized and differentiated in a hierarchical manner through KANO model analysis, combined with different emotional hierarchical need points of users. Predict the direction of users' emotional needs for the product, and match their emotional requirements with the product at different levels. Combined with the interview research, the design study was conducted taking into account the human-machine factors for the take-away delivery electric bicycle. In line with the new national standard policy, the delivery time of the rider is guaranteed at the same time, the area of the delivery goods and pick-up efficiency is improved, and the riding experience and safety of the rider are also taken into account. This is a research exploration of the takeaway delivery industry.This study combines the KANO model, hierarchical analysis and TRIZ theory to design a study on the process of users for take-out delivery. Through an in-depth study of user behavior, combined with the quantitative study of hierarchical analysis, different levels of demand are derived. Then, through TRIZ theory and emotional design, the take-out delivery service system was optimized and the innovative design of the take-out delivery bicycle was studied. In this study, based on the KANO model approach, the visual experience is designed from the appearance and user experience, giving the electric bicycle emotional factors to form a design that meets the user's needs. The whole design process also explored the correlation between design emotional needs and design form. The design solution evaluation results verified the effectiveness and feasibility of the KANO model approach to user needs analysis in product design and provided an effective solution for the design innovation of electric bicycle for take-away delivery.

In the times and technology makes business competition more advanced. It becomes an opportunity to introduce and maintain the product. The number of similar products makes a strategy to make it easier for consumers to choose the product they are looking for. With the development of consumers, consumer desires also develop where the purchase of a product is no longer a need but also a desire. The desire of consumers is not only to meet basic needs but also to problems with physical appearance, especially on the face, which is a beauty that is a top priority for users. The formulation of the problem in this research is whether product quality, product features, product design have a positive and significant effect on purchasing decisions? Then do product quality, product features, product design have a positive and significant effect on purchasing decisions for cosmetic products at the Kartika Aesthetic Beauty Clinic and Erha Bandar Lampung Beauty Clinic in an Islamic management perspective? This study aims to determine the effect of product quality, product features and product design on purchasing decisions for cosmetic products and to describe it in an Islamic management perspective. This research uses descriptive quantitative method, which is a research method to examine a particular population or sample in order to test the hypothesis that has been set. The data collection techniques in the form of questionnaires and interviews. Sampling in this study by taking the Accidental Sampling technique. And this data collection method using a questionnaire given to 100 respondents each of 50 respondents and interviews with the Beauty Clinic. The results of this test indicate that product quality has a positive and significant effect on purchasing decisions at the Kartika Aesthetic Beauty Clinic with a significant value of 0.014 0.05 and the Erha Beauty Clinic with a significant value of 0.025 0.05. Meanwhile, the product features at the Kartika Aesthetic Beauty Clinic with a significant value of 0.030 0.05 and the Erha Beauty Clinic with a significant value of 0.011 with a significant value 0.05. As well as product design at the Kartika Aesthetic Beauty Clinic with a significant value of 0.034 0.05 and the Erha Beauty Clinic with a significant value of 0.017 0.05. Based on data analysis, the conclusion of product quality, product features, and product design affects the purchasing decisions of cosmetic products at the Kartika Aesthetic Beauty Clinic and Erha Beauty Clinic in Bandar Lampung from an Islamic management perspective.

During the New Product Development (NPD) cycle, it is important to focus and integrate relevant information into the stages of product conceptualisation, design and development so that they can be used for product and process design effectively. In this paper, a Generic Product and Process Development System (GPDS), which integrates knowledge-based technologies of Rule-Based Expert System (RBES) and Case-Based Reasoning (CBR), is proposed to facilitate product and process development. Although RBES is adopted for sorting product design criteria, relevant past cases are retrieved by the CBR system during product and process design stages. In doing so, previous knowledge in terms of rules and past practices will be made use of during the product and process design stages, resulting in an enhancement of the efficiency of design and operations. By applying GPDS in Hasbro Fast East Limited, the new product design life cycle is greatly shortened with significant reduction in the total development cost.

Emotional design for smart product-service system: A case study on smart beds

Recently, smart products have not only demonstrated more functionality and technical capabilities but have also shown a trend towards emotional expression. Emotional design plays a crucial role in smart products as it not only influences users’ perception and evaluation of the product but also promotes collaborative communication between users and the product. In the future, emotional design of smart products needs to be regarded as an important comprehensive design issue, rather than simply targeting a specific element. It should consider factors such as design systems, values, business strategies, technical capabilities, design ethics, and cultural responsibilities. However, currently, there is a lack of a design model that combines these elements. Currently, there are numerous practices in emotional design for smart products from different perspectives. They provide us an opportunity to build a comprehensive design model based on a large number of design case studies. Therefore, this study employed a standardized grounded theory approach to investigate 80 smart products and conducted interviews with 12 designers to progressively code and generate a design model. Through the coding process, this research extracted 547 nodes and gradually formed 10 categories, ultimately resulting in a design model comprising 5 sequential steps. This model includes user requirements, concept definition, design ideation, design implementation, and evaluation, making it applicable to most current and future emotional design issues in smart products.

Financial fraud is a societal problem for adults of all ages, but financial losses are especially damaging to older adults who typically live on fixed incomes and have less time to recoup losses. Persuasion tactics used by fraud perpetrators often elicit high levels of emotional arousal; thus, studying emotional arousal may help to identify the conditions under which individuals are particularly susceptible to fraud. We examined whether inducing high-arousal positive (HAP) and high-arousal negative (HAN) emotions increased susceptibility to fraud. Older (ages 65 to 85) and younger (ages 30 to 40) adults were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 emotional arousal conditions in a laboratory task: HAP, HAN, or low arousal (LA). Fraud susceptibility was assessed through participants' responses to misleading advertisements. Both HAP and HAN emotions were successfully induced in older and younger participants. For participants who exhibited the intended induced emotional arousal, both the HAP and HAN conditions, relative to the LA condition, significantly increased participants' reported intention to purchase falsely advertised items. These effects did not differ significantly between older and younger adults and were mitigated in participants who did not exhibit the intended emotional arousal. However, irrespective of the emotional arousal condition to which older adults were assigned (HAP, HAN, or LA), they reported greater purchase intention than did younger adults. These results inform the literature on fraud susceptibility and aging. Educating consumers to postpone financial decisions until they are in calm emotional states may protect against this common persuasion tactic. (PsycINFO Database Record

MotivationThe empowerment of design for cultural and creative products in the digital media era is further amplified by social media platforms,its emotional and subconscious impact on users is important and profound. The development of the network economy has promoted this trend. At the same time, this trend has further promoted the growth of cultural and creative products market. However, too obscure appearance design can hardly arouse the resonance of different cultural groups in a short time. As an effective method to bridge the cultural gap between consumers, emotional design has become an important driving force for the development of cultural and creative products.PurposeThe purpose of this study is to understand the impact of emotional factors on the willingness and preferences of ordinary consumers to buy Chinese cultural and creative products, and to further explore whether there are cognitive differences between the emotional design standards defined and promoted by professionals and the excellent design recognized by consumers according to their life experience and personal subjective emotional preferences.Design/methodology/approachThrough the construction of the emotional design model, this study selects four award-winning products in the cultural and creative product design competition and four commercial products with high sales volume in the online stores as research cases. Through 176 valid questionnaires conducted by non-professionals, this study makes an analysis by using the structural equation.ConclusionsThe study found that consumers' preference and purchase intention of Chinese cultural and creative products are affected by emotional design standards, but the impact results depend on the interaction of many factors. At the same time, there are also significant differences in cognitive paths between them.

Based on the theory of user needs and the product development mode and framework of mobile Internet interactive innovation, a new “reality → virtual → reality” interactive innovation product development mode is constructed. It draws on the unique characteristics, systematic technical system, and comprehensive scientific and technological layout of the Metaverse. On this basis, a framework for product development and design based on interactive innovation from the Metaverse perspective is innovatively proposed. In the Metaverse scenario, interactive innovation knowledge can be easily and effectively transformed into design knowledge, and all groups of users truly participate in the whole process of product design. Moreover, the development of interactive innovative products in the Metaverse scenario can be combined with artificial intelligence (AI) technology to further automate the statistical analysis of user needs and preferences so as to meet the dynamic needs of users and accurately develop products that fit user needs and enterprise standards. In addition, users, designers, and enterprises can make joint decisions on product design solutions and development forms, and the Metaverse technology can also optimize the products with continuous iteration and obtain the optimal solutions. An automotive case study illustrates the feasibility and effectiveness of the model for product development innovation and enterprise digital transformation.

The emotional design is a crucial issue to affect a product successful. Product designers need to pay more attention to capture consumers' perceptions and precisely measure them. However, most studies are focused on consumers' visual perception, and few studies have investigated consumers' multisensory perceptions. In this study, we have conducted an empirical application on fragrance bottle form design (i.e. vision) and fragrance/perfume (i.e. olfaction) to explore the relationship between the visual and olfactory sensory perceptions. This result shows that the fragrance bottle form design does not match to its fragrance/perfume, thus meaning that there is a significant design phenomenon for product designers having to improve.

Flying Apsaras is the most representative image of God in Dunhuang fresco art. In order to draw the distance between flying apsaras and consumers and to promote the demand of consumers to take them home,this paper explores a new way of design based on the theory of emotional design. Based on the analysis of flying image developed on the basis of different periods,and combined with the present,in the form of Dunhuang Feitian cultural and creative design,user, diversified consumer demand and market development,analytical feelings when below and the significance of design,explore the emotional design,booster,the design of Dunhuang Feitian cultural and emotional design combined with Dunhuang Feitian cultural and design strategy. Using the emotion to influence and guide the users,to achieve the resonance of product designer and user. From the visual dimension, experience dimension, spiritual dimension derivative research and development of new era and new connotation of cultural design, make Dunhuang Apsaras "alive", make Dunhuang Apsaras culture into the public vision, meet the emotional needs of consumers, both inside and outside, and finally achieve a winwin situation of cultural heritage and cultural product innovation.

Communication and information technologies are adding new capabilities for rapid and inexpensive customer input to all stages of the product development (PD) process. In this article we review six web‐based methods of customer input as examples of the improved Internet capabilities of communication, conceptualization, and computation. For each method we give examples of user‐interfaces, initial applications, and validity tests. We critique the applicability of the methods for use in the various stages of PD and discuss how they complement existing methods.For example, during the fuzzy front end of PD the information pump enables customers to interact with each other in a web‐based game that provides incentives for truth‐telling and thinking hard, thus providing new ways for customers to verbalize the product features that are important to them. Fast polyhedral adaptive conjoint estimation enables PD teams to screen larger numbers of product features inexpensively to identify and measure the importance of the most promising features for further development. Meanwhile, interactive web‐based conjoint analysis interfaces are moving this proven set of methods to the web while exploiting new capabilities to present products, features, product use, and marketing elements in streaming multimedia representations. User design exploits the interactivity of the web to enable users to design their own virtual products thus enabling the PD team to understand complex feature interactions and enabling customers to learn their own preferences for new products. These methods can be valuable for identifying opportunities, improving the design and engineering of products, and testing ideas and concepts much earlier in the process when less time and money is at risk. As products move toward pretesting and testing, virtual concept testing on the web enables PD teams to test concepts without actually building the product. Further, by combining virtual concepts and the ability of customers to interact with one another in a stock‐market‐like game, securities trading of concepts provides a novel way to identify winning concepts.Prototypes of all six methods are available and have been tested with real products and real customers. These tests demonstrate reliability for web‐based conjoint analysis, polyhedral methods, virtual concept testing, and stock‐market‐like trading; external validity for web‐based conjoint analysis and polyhedral methods; and consistency for web‐based conjoint analysis versus user design. We report on these tests, commercial applications, and other evaluations. © 2002 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved.