ACADEMICALLY INFORMED AI VS. HUMAN?DESIGNED MILK PACKAGING: A COMPARATIVE EVALUATION

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate consumer attitudes towards packaging design as a tactical strategy for increasing the commercial value of liquid milk within the dairy industry. Design/methodology/approach Design/methodology/approach – In total, six focus groups were conducted containing 33 participants and data were analysed using QSR Nvivo 7 Findings – Results highlighted that the majority of participants found milk packaging to be functional; however, beyond this use, vast improvement could be made in terms of the aesthetics surrounding packaging design. Research limitations/implications – Even for commodity products the use of packaging transcends beyond a functional role as consumers are becoming more demanding in their attitudes towards packaging design. Practical implications – The study provides insights for managers in relation to opportunities for adding value through packaging design within the liquid milk sector. Originality/value – The paper explores consumer attitudes to...

There are various types of packaging designs with different design styles. However, in terms of overall packaging materials, packaging mostly used cartons, plastics, iron boxes and textiles, of which cartons is the most commonly used material. For consumers, the product’s packaging design will first be noticed in a store in the aim to attract consumers, and a good packaging design can highlight the importance of products. This study is based on two experiments color box design of the computer mouse and best visual effect of the packaging design of computer mouse. From the results of the color box design experiment, we concluded that yellow and red packages are the most commonly used, followed by black, while green is the least used. From the results of the best visual effects packaging design experiment, the visual effect on transparent window design of 60%:60% (114 mm × 90 mm) is considered to be ideally suited for the computer mouse, whereas the visual effect on transparent window packaging design of 75%:75% (127 mm × 75 mm) is considered to be very unsuitable.

Research begins with the development of computer technology in particular has been used as a medium of learning Packaging Design Using CorelDraw programs in various fields of one form of education in the field of Fine Arts Visual Communication Design Study Program. This requires education student majoring in Fine Arts Communication Design Visual Languages and Arts Faculty, State University of Padang to be able to utilize these technologies in the field of Packaging Design, as computer technology has become a necessity for people, especially in the field of product design food packaging and logo design, research this development method, which is to design and make a product logo and packaging design as well as media advertising, then tested the feasibility of the students of Communication Design Visual Arts UNP Padang. Design and manufacture of this learning module using the CorelDraw X4 software. Data collection techniques in this study using a questionnaire given to faculty and student responses to the questionnaire module packaging design. Questionnaires were made regarding the form, content, motivation and practical learning modules, questionnaire data were analyzed using the SPSS formula. From these results, the learning module packaging design in graphic design courses is valid.

The European Commission has launched the so-called “milk package” in October 2012 that allows Member States to require compulsory written contracts between milk producers and investor-owned processors. We argue that compulsory contracts have anticompetitive effects when they are exclusive in the sense that they comprise the obligation to supply to the contractor only. The objective of this paper is to set up a game theoretic model to analyze imperfect competition on the raw milk market that may result from entry deterring effects of exclusive contracts between dairy producers and processors. Building on the antitrust literature, the model incorporates the specific characteristics of the milk market and considers the risk attitude of milk producers and uncertainty of a rival dairy’s market entry. Under certain combinations of probability of the rival’s market entry and risk aversion of the producer, an incumbent can deter market entry by offering an exclusive contract.

Investigating the impact of common migration substances found in milk packaging on proteases: A multispectral and molecular docking approach

Hybrid Wafer-Level Packaging for RF-MEMS and Optoelectronic Applications

Based on the cultural self-confidence of the packaging design curriculum ideological and political teaching reform research, by embedding cultural projects into the packaging design curriculum, with cultural creative packaging design as the core curriculum content, the packaging design curriculum ideological and political teaching reform practice research is carried out, the purpose is to let the visual Communication design students can not only acquire due professional knowledge in packaging design class, but also cultivate students' love for Chinese traditional culture, enhance cultural self-confidence, and promote the development of Chinese cultural packaging design industry. This course runs through cultural projects, and is divided into three parts: "Packaging Design Research and Positioning", "Packaging Structure Design", and "Packaging Visual Design", which mainly incorporates "Chinese Traditional Packaging", "Chinese Traditional Characters", and "Packaging Design". Ideological and political content of courses such as "Chinese Traditional Pattern" and "Modern Design of Traditional Brand Packaging". At the same time, innovative teaching ideas and teaching methods have been incorporated in the course of curriculum ideological and political reform practice.

This study proposes a novel method for recognizing and categorizing logos in packaging artwork to address the automation demands of the printing and packaging industry. The approach combines a trained object detection model for logo detection followed by a finetuned Vision Language Model (VLM) for hierarchical tag generation, achieving high precision across seven primary categories: sustainability, health and safety, branding, material identification, eco-friendly certification, social media, and compliance, with all others grouped under "others." In the first step, YOLOv8 detects logos and assigns them to primary categories, achieving a mean average precision (mAP) of 0.58 and an Intersection over Union (IoU) threshold of 0.5. In the second step, a fine-tuned VLM generates granular tags for the detected logos. Notably, Low Rank Adaptations (LoRA) applied to the Florence-2-DocVQA model (with r = 64 and 𝛼= 128) surpassed the zero-shot performance of state-of-the-art VLMs, achieving a 24-fold improvement with a ROUGE-L F1 score of 0.72. This study also demonstrates the cost effectiveness and practicality of using smaller models with fewer parameters, which perform comparably to larger VLMs, incurring much lower training and operational costs. These advancements streamline design and print production workflows, improve compliance tracking, and enhance brand management, contributing to greater automation in the packaging and printing industry.

Polyethylene terephthalate (PET)/nano‐hydroxyapatite (nHAp) composite granules were obtained using twin‐screw extruder. Preforms were prepared by injection molding and then PET/nHAp bottles were produced by blow molding. For PET bottles with nHAp, the migration amounts of carboxylic acid (COOH), acetaldehyde (AA), diethylene glycol (DEG), and isophthalic acid (IPA); glass transition temperature (Tg); melting temperature (Tm); and the maximum crystallization temperature (Tcry) were measured. The load‐carrying capacity, burst strength, stress cracking, and regional material distribution tests were carried out on the bottles. X‐ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, and ultraviolet transmittance analyses were conducted to explain the changes in mechanical, chemical, physical properties, and light transmission of bottles. It was found out that the COOH amount increased and the AA content decreased with increasing nHAp amount. On the other hand, no change was observed in the amounts of DEG and IPA. Although the mechanical properties such as load‐carrying capacity and burst strength of the bottles have improved, it has been determined that the standard environmental stress crack resistance test procedure cannot be applied to such a composite. Experimental findings indicate that nHAp disrupts the chemical structure of PET and it isolates harmful chemicals such as AA by forming intermolecular bonds. Moreover, with the addition of up to 0.8% nHAp, PET bottles block the light transmission approximately 80% within 400–700 nm wave length zone. The study demonstrates that the PET/nHAp composite bottles can be used in the food industry, particularly in the packaging of milk and milk products which are vulnerable to light exposure.

Perceived effectiveness of tobacco packaging and cigarette stick warnings as anti-tobacco interventions

Augmented reality is considered to be one of the fastest growing and most promising trends in marketing. This paper analyses the use of augmented reality for advertising purposes by integrating augmented reality into product packaging. There are solutions for the application of augmented reality in product packaging around the world, but in Lithuania, the application of augmented reality in product packaging is still rare. Research problem is formulated as the question: what are the challenges and development opportunities for the application of augmented reality in product packaging? Expert opinion and the results of a customer survey, which show at which stages of the AIDA model using augmented reality in product packaging could be effective, are presented in this article.

Neurosurgical training aims at educating future generations of specialist neurosurgeons and at providing the highest-quality medical services to patients. Attaining and maintaining these highest standards constitutes a major responsibility of academic or other training medical centers. An electronic survey was sent to European neurosurgical residents between 06/2014 and 03/2015. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to assess the effect size of the relationship between responder-specific variables (e.g., age, gender, postgraduate year (PGY), country) and the outcomes (e.g., satisfaction). A total of 652 responses were collected, of which n = 532 were taken into consideration. Eighty-five percent were 26-35 years old, 76% male, 62% PGY 4 or higher, and 73.5% working at a university clinic. Satisfaction rates with theoretical education such as clinical lectures (overall: 50.2%), anatomical lectures (31.2%), amongst others, differed largely between the EANS member countries. Likewise, satisfaction rates with practical aspects of training such as hands-on surgical experience (overall: 73.9%), microsurgical training (52.5%), simulator training (13.4%), amongst others, were highly country-dependant. In general, 89.1% of European residents carried out the first surgical procedure under supervision within the first year of training. Supervised lumbar-/cervical spine surgeries were performed by 78.2 and 17.9% of European residents within 12 and 24months of training, respectively, and 54.6% of European residents operate a cranial case within the first 36months of training. Logistic regression analysis identified countries where residents were much more or much less likely to operate as primary surgeons compared to the European average. The caseload of craniotomies per trainee (overall: 30.6% ≥10 craniotomies/month) and spinal procedures (overall: 29.7% ≥10 spinal surgeries/month) varied throughout the countries and was significantly associated with more advanced residency (craniotomy: OR 1.35, 95% CI 1.18-1.53, p < 0.001; spinal surgery: OR 1.37, 95% CI 1.20-1.57, p < 0.001). Theoretical and practical aspects of neurosurgical training are highly variable throughout European countries, despite some efforts within the last two decades to harmonize this. Some countries are rated significantly above (and others significantly below) the current European average for several analyzed parameters. It is hoped that the results of this survey should provide the incentive as well as the opportunity for a critical analysis of the local conditions for all training centers, but especially those in countries scoring significantly below the European average.

In late September 2023, the developers behind artificial intelligence tool ChatGPT announced the launch of their most complex model yet: a version of GPT capable of analysing and creating visual content.1 While its predecessors were confined to text-based processing, updated models like GPT-4 can utilize multimodal processing to integrate and interpret textual and visual information.2 This significant advancement, currently offered exclusively to paid ChatGPT subscribers, suggests particular potential in the field of dermatology which relies on visual observation and cues for diagnosis. Despite disclaimers against its use for medical advice, the novel offerings of GPT-4 may appeal to individuals with pressing health concerns or those experiencing barriers to healthcare. This is consistent with the well-documented rise in patient use of internet and social media tools to address unmet health needs.3, 4 However, patient safety may be implicated if healthcare decisions are made based on output from unregulated sources or biased datasets.5 While previous studies investigating GPT's diagnostic ability were limited to text-based cases,6 the advent of GPT-driven image analysis highlights a novel and time-sensitive application of the tool. In anticipation of real-world patient use, this pilot study explores the clinical validity of GPT-4 in generating diagnoses for images of various dermatological conditions. A total of 100 clinical images were collected from DermNet™, a free online dermatology database.7 Images depicted a range of dermatological conditions with representation across Fitzpatrick skin types (Table 1). Patient geographic location, sex, gender, ethnicity and race data were not available. Images were saved in JPG format with watermark preservation in accordance with licensing requirements.8 Each image was submitted to GPT-4 with a standardized prompt requesting image description, Fitzpatrick skin type classification, a differential diagnosis and the most likely diagnosis. The prompt also acknowledged that outputs would not be used as medical advice (Figure 1). Of the 100 images, GPT-4 correctly diagnosed 23 of 100 clinical images (23%) and included the correct diagnosis on its list of differential diagnoses in 52 of 100 clinical images (53%). Forty-six of 100 of images (46%) received the same Fitzpatrick classification by GPT-4 and a blinded human rater. Diagnostic accuracy results were further categorized as malignant, pre-malignant or non-malignant (Table 1). GPT-4 displayed a sensitivity rate of 22.2% for malignant images and 0% for precancerous images. While GPT-4's responses suggest a foundational ability to communicate dermatological concepts, diagnostic accuracy disparities indicate its extremely limited clinical applications. Relatively low sensitivity for malignant images (22.2%) and precancerous images (0%) were particularly concerning, as malignant lesions necessitate early and accurate diagnosis. Additionally, GPT-4 often included at least one malignant differential for benign conditions, potentially causing undue patient distress. The study faced limitations in image extraction methodology, as images lacked clinical context, were not standardized in lighting, quality or orientation and had proportionally less images of skin of colour. This prevented reliable Fitzpatrick skin type classifications by GPT-4 and human raters. Importantly, real-world chatbot-submitted images will also vary in quality. GPT-4 also required repeated prompt adjustments for brevity, emphasizing the importance of AI training. Future research may investigate GPT-4's ability to score Fitzpatrick skin types using standardized images, clinical background and diverse datasets. This pilot study revealed the current limitations of GPT-4, as of December 2023, in image-based dermatological diagnostics. While ChatGPT and other AI platforms offer promising opportunities for clinical collaboration and accessibility, patients are at risk of making critical health decisions based on misdiagnoses obtained through chatbots alone. We aim to raise awareness of the experimental nature of GPT-4 and encourage patient and clinician caution as AI platforms evolve. Malignant (18) Squamous cell carcinoma (6) Basal cell carcinoma (6) Melanoma in situ (6) Pre-malignant (3) Actinic keratosis (3) Non-malignant (79) Acrochordon (5) Atopic dermatitis (6) Blue nevus (1) Bullous pemphigoid (6) Contact dermatitis (6) Dysplastic nevus (1) Herpes simplex virus (6) IgA vasculitis (3) Impetigo (6) Keloid (6) Neurofibromatosis (6) Psoriasis (6) Seborrheic dermatitis (6) Spitz nevus (3) Systemic lupus erythematosus (6) Vitiligo (6) None declared. The authors declare no conflicts of interest. Consent for the publication of recognizable patient photographs or other identifiable material was obtained by DermNet™ and with terms and conditions detailed under its Image License at the time of article submission to the journal. The clinical images that supplied the findings of this study are openly available on DermNet™ at www.dermnetnz.org. Derived output supporting the findings of this study is available as supplementary data from the corresponding author EM on request.

Products bear a lot of risks of getting damaged because of falling, getting compressed, etc. during transportation of logistics. In order to preserve products shape and quality, we can reduce the impact force during the logistics using packaging system. In general, we consider that packaging materials would not exhibit the strain rate effect while we predict free drop test results. In other words, the quasi-static compression stress-strain curve is used to simulate the results. But some packaging materials probably have the strain rate effect. Therefore, the foam packaging system of free drop test in this research considers the strain rate effect, that is the packaging materials are strain rate dependent. The energy loss is also considered into account when using numerical simulation methods to predict the maximum acceleration. The aim of this research is to understand the behavior of foam packaging materials during free drop by numerical simulation methods. Most of the literature on relevant research of foam packaging system neglects the strain rate effect to simplify the numerical simulation. But in this research it is shown that the strain rate effect would influence the maximum strain captured by high speed camera, even if there is no difference between free drop test and numerical simulation on maximum acceleration if the strain rate effect is not considered. So this research generalizes some experimental results to coordinate the relationship between the strain rate effect and the energy loss. Later, both energy method and single degree-of-freedom of nonlinear spring system are used to predict the results from free drop test. The constitutive law of foam packaging materials used in this research, for example expanded polypropylene (EPP), is constructed by series of quasi-static compression test and high-rate dynamic impact test. A numerical material constitutive law model considering the strain rate effect is also published to simulate the strain rate dependent property about EPP. We can accomplish the aim, considering the strain rate effect is used in this model when we are simulating the results, and to develop the numerical simulation which can predict maximum strain more accurately. In addition, for verifying that EPP has the strain rate effect, the high speed camera cooperated with the accelerometer through free drop test is used to derive the actual stress-strain curve of EPP packaging system. Finally, the fact that EPP is strain rate depenedent material has been proved. The microstructure photos of EPP by both optical electron microscope (OEM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) were captured. This research also attempts to understand the relationship between strain rate effect and the microstructure of EPP. Furthermore, for designing EPP packaging system of real products, the appropriate range of strain energy density of EPP was chosen. The maximum acceleration, maximum strain and actual stress-strain curve of free drop test are predicted by numerical simulation methods considering the strain rate effect or not. To conclude, the results by several numerical simulation methods and free drop test are compared to explain that these methods which considers strain rate effect are feasible and accurate.

People with autism find that interacting with a computer or tablet is less stressful and more attractive than interacting with people. The analysis of information technologies developed both abroad and in Ukraine reveals the lack of systematic support for the education processes of people with autism. In this context, the development of personalized information technology support for the learning processes of such students is an urgent scientific and practical task. To achieve this goal it is necessary to explore the theoretical and methodological foundations of teaching people with autism and state the role of IT support of such education. Experts agree that the main areas of development of information technology to support the training of students with autism are the improvement of communication skills, improvement of social communication, and academic training. The method of personalization of virtual content of information technologies developed or adjusted to support education of students with autism should take into account the results psychological diagnostics of a student, his/her educational abilities and needs, and also such method might involve the participation of paraprofessionals and parents of a student. When developing such a method, it should be taken into account that some students might use non-verbal communication only, and an algorithm for evaluating the emotions of a student with autism should be developed. The most promising technologies which can be with an appropriate level of ease be adapted into the education of students with autism are augmented and virtual reality technologies. According to the developed method of personalization of virtual content of information technologies, different modeling and visualization software should be used.