“Acting out” institutions

Background: The public health services project of the South-eastern Europe health network has undertaken an evaluation of public health services in its nine member countries. The purpose of the evaluation of public health services provision in the South-eastern European (SEE) countries is to understand where these countries now stand in public health, the institutional, organisational, legislative and service delivery developments that are taking place and to identify strengths and weaknesses in their public health systems and services in order to inform decision making about investment and future reform. Methods: The evaluation was orientated around “essential public health operations” that are deemed to form the core of public health activities and services and to be indispensable to the delivery of modern public health services in any country. The evaluation analysed these activities and services within the structure of the health system functions of stewardship, resource generation, financing and service delivery, as developed by WHO. Results: The results demonstrate a mixed picture of strengths and weaknesses within the context of significant social, economic and political challenges in the region. Among the many visible and significant strengths in public health services in the region are well developed networks of public health institutes with well defined surveillance systems, highly experienced and well educated public health professionals as well as many positive examples of service delivery. But there are also many concerns and challenges, not the least of which is political focus, direction and support for modern public health services, as well as funding. Collaboration and partnership among sectors is weak and information and communication systems are inadequate and not sufficiently integrated. Conclusions: Having emphasized the main weak and challengeable points in the Public Health systems and services in the SEE countries, the evaluation is also a first step to defining a way forward in the SEE countries to ensure that the turmoil of ‘transition’ is only a prelude to the comprehensive modernisation of public health services.

Improvement of pathology in sub-Saharan Africa

This paper investigates issues relating to the two International Framework Agreements (IFA) of 2002 and 2009 of AngloGold Ashanti (AGA). IFAs have emerged as a necessary and innovative instrument of global industrial governance (Hammer, 2005) and the globalisation of business activities, and they influence financial direct investments and multinational corporations. The study investigated the effectiveness of IFA in the operations of AGA, focusing on stakeholders’ awareness/knowledge and appreciation of IFAs and the relevance and functionality of the IFA in the operations of AGA. The study occurred within the theoretical framework of sociology of law/legal sociology, which stipulates that an agreement is effective if it ensures designated effects and shapes social behaviour in a predetermined and socially appropriate manner. The methodology was qualitative with a case study design entailing data from desk research and interviews among selected mining stakeholder groups of national and local unions, AngloGold staff, government agencies, academics/researchers, other professionals and NGOs. The results showed that there was little or no awareness/knowledge of IFAs and, therefore, there was virtually no appreciation of the relevance and appreciation of these global agreements. Although AngloGold was purported to be an IFA signatory in all industrial relations literature as it deals with such framework agreements, there was no functioning IFA at AngloGold. While such agreements within the world of industrial relations are very relevant and functional especially outside Africa, this research has shown that local and national unions should be assisted by their global counterparts to deal with the challenges of international labour standards to make such IFAs very relevant and functional in Africa.

Objectives: While there have recently been efforts to improve public health service at a governmental level, there is actually insufficient research on awareness of the roles related to public health service among hospital employees. This study examined role perception and function performance related to public health service among the medical staff in a national hospital. Methods: 15% were randomly sampled from each type of occupation among the medical staff in a national university hospital, a survey was conducted in 323 persons, and there were a total of 265 participants (80.2%): 103 doctors(38.9%), 98 nurses (37.0%), and 64 others (24.1%). Results: The hospital employees had insufficient awareness of their roles as public health service providers in terms of six required items for public health service: 1) services for supporting establishment, implementation, and assessment of public health service policies, 2) participation in the health service activities and support services by central or local governments, 3) technological support and educational services for private health service institutions, 4) health service for unprivileged brackets, 5) health service that requires association with other areas dealing with geriatric, disabled, and mentally-disordered people, and 6) health service for children and mothers. Conclusions: In general, since the hospital employees had insufficient awareness of their roles and responsibilities as public health service providers, it is necessary to secure manpower exclusively in charge of public health service and provide education about strategic public health service.

Human Resource ManagementVolume 4, Issue 4 p. 11-19 Article The uaw and white collar unionization Carl Dean Snyder, Carl Dean Snyder Associate Professor of Economics, in the Department of History and Social Sciences, Eatern Michigan university. Previously, Dr. Snyder lectured at the Institute of Labor and Industrial Relations at the University of Michigan. He received a Doctor of Social Science degree at Syracuse University in the fields of economics and sociology. Dr. Snyder?s doctoral dissertation was titled UIndustrial can Lose the Battle for the White Collar Worker: The UAW as a Case in Point. During seven years of industrial experience at Electric Auto- Lite, Dr. Snyder held offices in the local union and the local CIO Council.Search for more papers by this author Carl Dean Snyder, Carl Dean Snyder Associate Professor of Economics, in the Department of History and Social Sciences, Eatern Michigan university. Previously, Dr. Snyder lectured at the Institute of Labor and Industrial Relations at the University of Michigan. He received a Doctor of Social Science degree at Syracuse University in the fields of economics and sociology. Dr. Snyder?s doctoral dissertation was titled UIndustrial can Lose the Battle for the White Collar Worker: The UAW as a Case in Point. During seven years of industrial experience at Electric Auto- Lite, Dr. Snyder held offices in the local union and the local CIO Council.Search for more papers by this author First published: Winter 1966 https://doi.org/10.1002/hrm.3930040404 AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat Volume4, Issue4Winter 1966Pages 11-19 RelatedInformation

There have been obstacles for internal migrants in China in accessing local public health services for some time. This study aimed to estimate the utilization of local public health services and its determinants among internal migrants. Data were from the 2014 and 2015 nationally representative cross-sectional survey of internal migrants in China. Multivariate logistic regressions were used to estimate the relationship between socioeconomic, migration, and demographic characteristics and public health services utilization. Our results showed that internal migrants in more developed eastern regions used less public health services. Those with higher socioeconomic status were more likely to use public health services. The years of living in the city of residence were positively associated with the utilization of public health services. Compared to migration within the city, migration across provinces significantly reduced the probability of using health records (OR = 0.88, 95% CI: 0.86–0.90), health education (OR = 0.97, 95% CI: 0.94–1.00), and health education on non–communicable diseases (OR = 0.92, 95% CI: 0.89–0.95) or through the Internet (OR = 0.96, 95% CI: 0.94–0.99). This study concludes that public health services coverage for internal migrants has seen great improvement due to government subsidies. Internal migrants with lower socioeconomic status and across provinces need to be targeted. More attention should be given to the local government in the developed eastern regions in order to narrow the regional gaps.

The older adult migrant population in China is on the rise, which presents challenges for the national public health service system. However, the heterogeneity of public health service utilization and its relationship with social integration among the older adult migrant population remains unclear. This study aims to explore the heterogeneity the public health service utilization and how it relates to their social integration. A total of 6,178 older adult migrants from the China Migrants Dynamic Survey (CMDS) in 2017 were included in this study. Exploratory factor analysis was used to categorize social integration into four dimensions. Latent class analysis (LCA) was used to identify different sub-groups of public health service utilization. ANOVA and multivariate logistic regression were used to determine the characteristics of different sub-groups. Three potential classes of public health service utilization were identified: low utilization of basic public health services class (N = 3,264,52.756%), medium utilization of basic public health services class (N = 1,743,28.172%), and high utilization of basic public health services class (N = 1,180,19.072%). Gender, education, extent of mobility, and move alone or not, flow time were all predictors of the class of public health service utilization. There were significant differences in social integration across potential categories (p<0.0001). The utilization of public health services of the older adult migrants is affected by many aspects. Social integration deserves attention as a significant influencing factor in the utilization of public health services. The government should pay attention to the characteristics of the older adult migrants and formulate relevant policies in a targeted manner in order to improve the utilization of public health services of the older adult migrants.

The Covid-19 pandemic has affected many aspects, including public health services. In this situation, the role of the government is needed to continue to strive to fulfill and ensure that health services continue to run well. This study aims to determine the government's response at the beginning of the pandemic phase and to find the inhibiting factors in fulfilling public health services in Makassar. This study also makes it possible to see how the prospects for public health services after the pandemic will be in the future. This study uses documentation data and internet data to collect relevant information. Data analysis uses a qualitative approach by maximizing the use of the Nvivo 12 Plus analysis software. The findings of this study indicate that during the COVID-19 pandemic period, public health services do not only focus on infected patients but also public health services as a whole. This causes services to be less than optimal because medical personnel and infrastructure cannot accommodate the situation. In this situation, aspects still hinder the fulfillment of public health services, including low public awareness, access to information, regulations, and the fulfillment of health facilities. The prospect of health services becomes essential in the future. This requires a more innovative and adaptive national health system.

Workforce shortages pose a significant barrier to meeting the mental health needs of Australians. This study sought to explore the factors contributing to the recruitment and retention of public (salaried) psychologists and psychologists working as private practitioners within a public mental health service in metropolitan Melbourne. The project involved an online survey of staff and semi-structured interviews. The study found that both private and salaried psychologists identified a number of reasons as to why they were attracted to working in this setting compared with the higher salaries available in full-fee paying private practice. Issues included working with a specific cohort of clients, support of intake and administration teams, flexible working hours, teamwork, the location of the service, the profile of the organisation, and not having to pay room rent or advertise. Salaried staff highlighted the team culture and access to other clinicians for informal discussions as important factors, while private practitioners within the public mental health service most commonly identified financial concerns, including remuneration and failure to attend/cancellations as the biggest challenges. Lack of income was the most commonly cited reason for clinicians’ decisions to leave public mental health. Private practitioners within this setting identified the absence of supervision and professional development, feelings of isolation and lack of team culture as significant deterrents. In sum, numerous issues influence the decisions of psychologists to work in public mental health services rather than, or as well as holding private roles. Public health services need to recognise these and ameliorate identified challenges if they are to attract and retain an adequate psychological workforce.

Racial Discrimination and Trade Unionism

The impact of public versus private health care services in the treatment of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma in Brazil: An analysis from the bra-DLBCL multicenter, retrospective real-world registry

The aim of this study is to describe the use of public health services in different social and ethnic groups and to explore the implementation of user fee exemption in a mountainous area in Vietnam. A cross-sectional household survey with a structured questionnaire and a four-week diary were used to collect information on illnesses, health seeking behaviour and socioeconomic factors. Three communes in a mountainous district in Northern Vietnam were selected and a random sample of 1,452 individuals in 300 households was drawn. Self-medication was most common (57%) while 30% used public health services when suffering from a health problem. Persons living far from health services attended public health services less frequently than the others (adjusted OR = 0.28; 95% CI 0.15-0.51). This was especially the case for ethnic minorities who were less likely to use public health services than the others were (adjusted OR = 0.47; 95% CI 0.25-0.87). Persons with mild conditions tended to use public health services less than those with more severe conditions (OR = 0.19; 95% CI 0.10-0.37). Health services use was similar among women and men, but the total expenditure per visit was higher for men. Almost no patients supposed to get free attendance had been exempted from user fees. It was found that there was a geographical inequity in use of public health services while there was relatively equal use of these services between social, gender, and ethnic groups. Long distance in combination with failure of the fee exemption may increase inequity in use of health services in remote and isolated areas. These observations contribute to the basis for implementation of the Vietnamese health policy, emphasizing efficiency and equity.

A literature review of proposed scientific field in occupational safety, public health policy and management in public health organizations and services. Evidence of occupational safety, public health policy and management that are encountered by Greek public health organizations and services, also limited global literature. Connection and contribution of occupational health and safety with policy and management. Provided evidence of the exact risks that are perceived by occupational safety in public health services policy and management. Comprehensive relative to possible occupational safety in policy and management, with established and new evidence of only study include Greek public health organizations and services. New information’s and knowledge produced, was verified scientifically. During the COVID-19 pandemic, global financial crisis, job insecurity, decreased salaries and social instability where working conditions changed, risk factors were affected, risk increased and interpersonal working relationships had a particular impact under the period of the pandemic, especially for health professionals who were in the frontline. This study can bear a significant impact and with the help of various reviews we give the global occupational safety, public health policy and management in public health organizations and services. Study conducted on the recent period for the last decade, published papers along in Scopus, Web of Science, Direct Science, and Elsevier Journals. There are very few papers published based on the very contemporary title considered for the article; hence, this identified several articles in the scientific literature, but only few articles were classified as eligible according to the previously established criteria.

Objective To compare treatments for localised prostate cancer for men diagnosed in private and public health services in Victoria. Design Retrospective analysis of Victorian Cancer Registry data linked to population-based administrative health datasets. Setting, participants 29 325 Victorian men diagnosed with prostate cancer during 2011-2017. Main outcome measures Proportions of men in private and public health services receiving radical prostatectomy (with or without curative radiation therapy) or curative external beam radiation therapy alone within 12 months of diagnosis. Results After adjusting for age, tumour classification and comorbidity, men diagnosed in private health services received radical treatment more frequently than men diagnosed in public health services (odds ratio [OR], 1.40; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.31-1.49). The proportion of private patients who underwent radical prostatectomy was larger than that for public patients (44% v 28%; OR, 2.28; 95% CI, 2.13-2.44) and the proportion of private patients who received curative external beam radiation therapy alone (excluding brachytherapy) was smaller (9% v 19%; OR, 0.45; 95% CI, 0.42-0.49). These differences were apparent for all International Society of Urological Pathology (ISUP) tumour grades. The magnitude of the difference for prostatectomy was greater for men aged 70 years or more; for radiation therapy alone, it was larger for those diagnosed before age 70. The differences between private and public services narrowed during 2011-2017 for men with ISUP grade 1 disease, but not ISUP grade 2-5 tumours. Conclusion Prostate cancer treatment choices differ substantially between men diagnosed in private and public health services in Victoria. These differences are not explained by disease severity or comorbidity.

BackgroundThis study examines the impact of digital channels on public health services and their role in enhancing city resilience.MethodsConducted in Thailand, this study employed an online questionnaire distributed in both Thai and English from December 2023 to February 2024. A total of 824 valid responses from Thai nationals and foreigners were analyzed. Exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, and structural equation modeling were performed using IBM SPSS 23 and AMOS 23.ResultsDigital channels have a strong positive direct effect on public health services (β = 0.70, p < 0.001), public health services have a strong positive direct effect on resilient cities (β = 0.69, p < 0.001), and digital channels have a low positive direct and a moderate positive indirect effect on resilient cities (β = 0.19, p < 0.001, and β = 0.48, p < 0.001, respectively). The model demonstrated excellent fit with the empirical data: X2/df = 2.189, CFI = 0.954, GFI = 0.900, NFI = 0.919, TLI = 0.946, RMSEA = 0.038, and RMR = 0.047.ConclusionsDigital channels are critical tools for collecting, analyzing, and disseminating public health service data. They improve public health services across five dimensions—product, facility, service, process, and price—while also strengthening city resilience in disaster management, economic stability, quality of life, and institutional capacity.Supplementary InformationThe online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12913-025-13480-4.