Algorithms for Identifying and Resolving Conflict Situations in Management of Organizational Systems

Water quality monitoring studies of Turkey with present and probable future constraints and opportunities

Research purpose: to develop the technology of operational-technical management of scientific and educational services. Methods: methods of patent research and analysis of critical technologies of information and control systems; methods of system approach to organize and manage IT services to meet business needs. Topicality. The state policy in the sphere of national security and socio-economic development of the Russian Federation, carried out in the face of new threats requires correcting structural imbalances in the economy. National interests should be implemented by means of strategic priorities in the various sectors of the economy, in the financial sphere - the timely implementation of government programs. In the Message of the President of the Russian Federation Vladimir Putin to the Federal Assembly on December 1, 2016 one of the priorities defined the creation of a national research infrastructure, representing the information and technology platform for the integration of the intellectual resources in the field of science, education and production with the aim of creating the conditions for qualitative changes in the field of science and technology. In this connection, scientific-methodical and systematic technical issues to systematize services of scientific and educational institutions of the country and creation of the united informational and analytical system of the management of such services seem to be topical. Within the framework of the whole complex of problems to design such a system, the development issues of technologies for the effective operational-technical management of scientific and educational services are of great interest. Results. The technology of operational-technical management of scientific and educational services was developed, which is a complex of technical solutions to provide information support for the activities of organizational systems – consumers and suppliers of scientific and educational services. This article presents the main provisions of technology for operational-technical management of scientific and educational services, based on innovative technical solutions and taking into account the perspective of digital trends to ensure business services. The business service in the article means IT service that directly supports a business process – the process of providing for scientific or educational service, based on the unified information and managed environment. The proposed technology is the contribution of the scientific community in the realization of the strategic national priorities of the Russian Federation. Conclusion. The advantage for the provided technology, in comparison with analogues, is to increase the efficiency of the management of organizational systems – consumers and suppliers of scientific and educational services, due to the automatic assessment of their business services and automatic management of activities with the assessment. The method, used in this technology, to provide consumers with scientific and educational services in the form of business services in accordance with the concept of IT service management ensures universality of approach to create the knowledge base and algorithms to use the knowledge for managing IT infrastructure support of business services, and to manage business services. This approach allows to optimize the composition of the applications in the management of scientific and educational services, as well as to ensure the conditions at the design stage for analysis and decision-making by the choice of IT infrastructure for the provision of scientific and educational services to consumers.

Currently, digital situational awareness systems are popular in complex infrastructure construction projects. These systems monitor and assess environmental events, progress, resource availability, risks, and other project decision-making variables to support decision-making. However, little is known about how infrastructure construction (IC) professionals who utilize situational awareness systems perceive how they support or hinder situational management. The purpose of this exploratory research is to study, in depth, the relevance, challenges, and adoption of situational management in IC projects using digital systems. The data were collected via semistructured interviews with 21 IC managers and situational awareness management experts from 11 companies involved in railway projects. The main findings indicate that problem-solving improved with situational management in general, especially with digital situational awareness systems. Seizing the possibilities for transparency that accompany digital situational awareness systems helped in discussing emerging problems and making project choices. Expectations about the realism of such expectations were easier to align with historical event data. On the other hand, the informants reported difficulty in motivating contractors to collect situational data in digital form, possibly because of a lack of understanding about the purpose of data collection, the manual nature of data collection, the perceived excessiveness of data collection, or the manual transfer of collected data into digital form. For these reasons, the informants reported limited faith in these systems. A perceived drawback of situational management, whether supported by digital situational awareness systems or not, was its lack of applicability to the realities of a construction site. Systems were designed for project management needs but not tailored to the needs of construction projects. The interviewees’ statements indicate that maintaining situational awareness requires active interaction and constant checking of the provided information, even requiring pressure on the contractors providing the information. This study highlights the need for practical human approaches to effectively use digital situational awareness technologies and situational management in IC.

<p>The article is devoted to the description of behavior tactics, communication tools and role of teachers who teach in groups of teenagers and adults, which, according to the authors, allow them to manage emerging conflicts in study groups and successfully resolve them, creating conditions for effective learning. The causes of conflict situations in study groups are described and the need for the teacher to switch the focus of attention and efforts from the educational task to resolving the conflict situation in case of its occurrence is substantiated. Four basic rules and tactics of teachers’ behavior are proposed to reduce the risk of conflicts in study groups and when they arise, four groups of communicative skills are described — contact management, active listening, constructive feedback, verbal techniques to reduce emotional stress, the possession of which allows the teacher to successfully manage the behavior of group members in a conflict situation. It also substantiates the need for the teacher to maintain the role of a manager both during the period of educational activity and in resolving conflict situations in the group.</p>

The problem of conflicts arising in work collectives always remains relevant and is the focus of attention of many domestic and foreign scientists. The role of the manager in resolving conflict situations is important and is mandatory. Objective. To analyze the effectiveness of conflict management among nursing service managers (senior nurses) of the central district hospital. Results. The moral and psychological climate of nursing teams was assessed; the level of conflict among nurses of therapeutic and surgical profiles was analyzed; the degree of self-assessment of conflict among nurses of therapeutic and surgical profiles was studied; the main strategies of nurses’ behavior in the conflict zone were defined and their level of conflict resistance was assessed. Conclusion. An important link in the management of medical personnel are the heads of nursing services. The main component of their activities is the organization of middle and junior medical personnel to perform the tasks of the unit, including the prevention of conflict situations in the team. The development and implementation of measures aimed at preventing the development of conflicts will also contribute to improving the quality and accessibility of medical care for the population.

Given the extreme importance of medical care for public health, resolving conflict situations in medical institutions becomes an urgent need. An important component of the conflict management strategy in the medical field is not only the resolution of conflicts that have already arisen but also their anticipation and prevention. To achieve this goal, it is necessary to implement a system for early detection of conflicts, improve the communication skills of medical staff, as well as improve the system of personnel management and allocation of resources in medical institutions.The purpose of the research is to study the opinion of the heads of health care institutions of the Chernivtsi region regarding the frequency of conflicts in medical teams and the participation of the head in a conflict situation.Material and methods. With the use of statistical and medical-epidemiological methods, an analysis of anonymous questionnaires of 48 medical managers and 1146 patients was carried out in order to study the correlation relationship (Kramer coefficient) of conflict situations with the efficiency of the work of health care institutions.Results and discussion. It was established that conflicts periodically arise among medical workers, according to 47.2% - 60.6% of respondents of all age categories, and very often - according to 15.2% of people aged 36-55, 17.7% of responses of people 18- 35 years old and 22.85 people aged 56 years and older. Persons aged 36-55 years and 56 years and older take the most active part in the conflict (52.8-58.3% of responses), while persons aged 18-35 years are quite often passive observers (37.5%) and do not participate in conflicts (25.0%).The obtained results confirmed the need to develop and implement scientifically based preventive methods in order to improve the organization of the process of prevention and management of medical conflicts at the regional level, and their further implementation in the work of medical institutions.Conclusions. Therefore, in today's world, where attitudes towards medical care and demands for it are constantly growing, conflict resolution in medical institutions is an urgent need. The urgency of the problem of conflicts in the medical field must be understood and appropriate attention and resources must be given to it to ensure the effective functioning of medical institutions and high quality of medical care.

The theoretical analysis of the problem of the use of humor as a means of effective interpersonal interaction in problem situations is made in the article. It is noted that along with traditionally developed in psychology areas of harmonization of interpersonal interaction in problem situations, one that is fundamentally new and promising is one that considers the sense of humor as a resource for psychological overcoming of emotional conflict factors. Of particular research interest are non-traditional approaches to psychology, in particular, such a resource component of solving a problematic situation as a sense of humor. In this sense of humor is of scientific and practical interest in the context of this problem in both psychodiagnostic, psychocorrectional and psychoprophylactic aspects. It is suggested to consider a sense of humor as a multidimensional psychological construct characterized by stress-protective potential. The latter manifests itself in the protection of the subject from negative emotions and conditions, the occurrence of which is caused by the experience of difficult life situations. The level of traumatic impact of the situation on the subject depends on her cognitive appraisal, and the sense of humor is capable of influencing her. Awareness of the role of humor as a resource for psychological overcoming is a testament to the overall more successful functioning of a person as a subject of life, a more complete acceptance and understanding of oneself, their aspirations and motives. Prospects of research of humor in psychodiagnostic and psychocorrectional directions are substantiated, in particular: to find out dynamics and corresponding factors of semantic and connotative contents of humorous production in situations of prevention of conflict interaction; studying the differences of the actualization of humor as a psychological resource for avoiding and resolving conflict situations in accordance with ethno-psychological, religious-ideological, historical-political factors, etc.

The article is devoted to the analysis of current methods and practices used by social workers to resolve conflicts in modern war conditions. The main attention is paid to the role of social workers in resolving conflicts and supporting the population in difficult life circumstances. Social work plays a key role in reducing social tension, restoring psychological well-being and resolving conflict situations among various categories of the population, including internally displaced persons, veterans, families of those killed and affected by war, as well as children and youth. Modern methods for resolving conflicts, such as mediation and mediation, are substantiated. It is described how these approaches are adapted to the needs of specific target groups, in particular to the requirements of working with war victims. The methods used by social workers to interact with target groups are considered. The challenges faced by social workers in war conditions are considered. It is noted that among the challenges: limited resources, significant burden on social workers, psychological pressure, risks of professional burnout and insufficient level of professional training. The article highlights the need to improve the legislative framework regulating the activities of social services, as well as to develop new training programs for training specialists. The article substantiates the importance of integrating a comprehensive approach to conflict resolution, which involves the synergy of social assistance, psychological support and promotion of peaceful conflict resolution. The focus is on the role of mediation and agency as tools that allow establishing a dialogue between conflicting parties, reaching constructive solutions, and reducing the level of tension in society as a whole. Thus, the study emphasizes the importance of social work as an integral element of the support system in war conditions, focusing on the need to integrate innovative approaches and interdisciplinary cooperation to ensure effective conflict resolution and the restoration of social stability in Ukraine.

The study aims to determine the socio-psychological prerequisites for forming group identity in preschool children in kindergarten on the example of interpersonal interaction of children and memories of an adult and on this basis to build a research model. Signs of group identity of children in preschool are the experience of interest in interacting with a particular group of peers, the desire to be accepted, and at the same time hostility or lack of interest in other peers. The group identity of a child is formed from the first day of his life since the child’s upbringing is focused on inclusion in the family – the first social group, on the formation of worldview, which is inherent in this social group. Kindergarten is the second crucial social environment where a child develops his group and ego-identity, not just where children are when their parents are at work. The components of group identity are the desire to be in a group, feel like a member of this group, attitude to representatives of other micro and macro groups, retransmission of parents’ social identity (for example, attitudes, etc.). The author’s questionnaire (respondents) covered the first two components of the group identity. The percentage of loneliness among peers in modern children (35.5%) and adults (27.1%) who attended kindergarten more than 30 years ago remains quite significant, which shows that this problem has existed for decades and needs more attention from scientists. Lack of play partners and frequent conflicts with peers lead to negative self-esteem, fear of communicating with children, and other toxic experiences and, consequently, risks of victimization in the future. The survey showed that the socio-psychological prerequisites for the formation of positive group identity of preschoolers are features of building children’s interaction: the development of children’s communicative skills, openness to interaction, direct interest in another child, lack of bias based on subconscious adult introjects and attitudes to support children. The other features are the involvement of the educator in the process of interaction of children: assistance in resolving conflict situations with peers, identifying children who can not build friendly relations and helping them to overcome barriers; quality feedback from the educator to the parents and vice versa; teamwork of all group staff; supervision of educators. At the same time, the preconditions also include awareness and living by the educator of their own personal children’s injuries caused by their acceptance or non-acceptance by the children’s team. Based on theoretical and empirical pilot research, the model of study of preschool children’s group identity, which contains components, preconditions of formation, criteria of formation, and success of social and psychological competence in a circle of peers, is constructed

In this thesis, I examine processes of professional integration of Eastern European academic migrants. I focus on role of culture and cultural patterns in migrants' intercultural communication encounters. Culture is operationalised by invoking Bourdieu's concepts of cultural capital and habitus which describe both individual and collective long-lasting values, beliefs, knowledge and cultural dispositions which can often act on subconscious level. Bourdieu's theoretical work guides this study by assigning culture a central role in maintaining and reproducing unequal social relations. My research explores how two generalized and dissimilar cultural patterns (collectivism and individualism) shape and precondition processes of social interaction and integration as experienced by migrants. My fieldwork employed critical qualitative research methods to magnify exploration and interpretation. Data collection processes included participant observation techniques, focus groups and semi-structured in-depth interviews with academic migrants. Empirical interview questions were designed to analyze central three dimensions of embodied cultural capital: 1) Conception of The Self, experiences in expressing views and opinions, emotions and feelings; 2) Relations to Authority, including experiences in relating to superiors, colleagues and subordinates; and 3) Ways of Dealing with Conflicts, including experiences in facing, interpreting and resolving conflict situations. My research concentrates on academic professionals who chose Australia or Canada as their destinations for permanent migration. A third contrasting case is chosen – European University Institute (EUI) in Italy - to examine experiences of more liquid and hyper-mobile academics. Inclusion of EUI research extended exploration of migration issues beyond traditional boundaries of settler society. Participants represent both genders and their age ranges from late 20s to late 50s. They come from over twelve different countries of birth in Central/Eastern Europe and have professional qualifications in a variety of scholarly disciplines. In 2007-2008, forty individual face-to-face formal in-depth interviews with academic migrants were conducted in Australia, Canada and Italy. The research analyzed multiple layers of intercultural dialogue to reveal conditions for successful professional integration with a view of knowledge creation. The study found that optimal conditions for intercultural success include cultural openness, genuine acceptance, minimal power distance, and deeper interpersonal engagement. It was also found in this study that creating shared meanings is especially difficult where people seem to be non-acceptant to new knowledge and new cultural patterns. In some cases, intolerance originated from culturally inbuilt strong stereotypes concerning the stranger and ethnocentric beliefs. This research testifies that postmodern cosmopolitan milieu, combining multiple cultural influences under mostly egalitarian gaze, facilitates cultural integration of migrants and warrants knowledge creation of shared cultural meanings. It is therefore a central argument of this thesis that mutual openness to cultural diversity and reciprocated willingness to engage with new cultural patterns are critical prerequisites not only to migrant feelings of well-being, but also to effective transfer and creation of all types shared meanings. This conclusion has important implications for immigrant-attracting countries which are competing globally in today's intensified race for talent. The research contributes to developing forward-looking policies, practices and cultural predispositions for successfully embracing academic mobility for public benefit.

Traditional Settlement of Dispute is the search for Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) as against the conventional peaceful methods of settling disputes and resolving conflict situations using the least expensive method without much acrimony. This system of resolving disputes has been the African traditional way of resolving conflicts in Nigeria, the sub-saharan societies and the entire Africa before the advent of European colonialism. The system therefore is a time tested exercise with many variations as one moves from one linguistic locality to another. Nevertheless, we are going to examine the practice as it is done by the Ikwerre ethnic nationality in Rivers State. Ikwerre ethnic nationality is the most populous ethnic nationality in Rivers State and from where the current Governor, Chibuike Amechi hails.

In the article, the author considers the problem of the formation of soft skills of specialists in the socio-cultural and artistic fields. Modern requirements for higher education, changes in information technologies and the increase in the availability of information, together with changes in social life, which require the presence of a wide range of knowledge and competences in modern specialists, as well as the ability to quickly adapt to changing conditions, require modern institutions of higher education of education, ensuring a high-quality educational process, with its focus on the combination of traditions and innovations in education and the formation of a high-quality specialist for the modern labor market. For professional implementation, development and success in personal and social life, a modern specialist in the socio-cultural and artistic fields must be able to quickly adapt to changing conditions, make balanced and informed decisions in conditions of uncertainty and lack of information, establish effective interpersonal communications with colleagues, management,, representatives of authorities, the scientific community, the public, resolve conflict situations, show empathy, organize one’s own life, professional activity and development in the existing conditions, leadership qualities and the ability to take responsibility, etc. The author proves that today precisely such qualities and skills, which are united by the concept of soft skills, along with other equal conditions (in particular, the same level of professionalism, professional qualification) determine the success of a specialist in the labor market, and an individual in life. The question of the formation of soft skills during the acquisition of higher education by students has become relevant in the last few decades. However, considering the experience and trends in the development of higher education in our country in the last few years, the importance of these issues is constantly increasing. High-quality training of students of art and pedagogical education in modern conditions must necessarily involve the formation of soft skills in them through the use in the educational process of a wide range of innovative pedagogical technologies, modern interactive teaching methods and the involvement of students in various social, public, communication activities based on understanding of the essence, meaning and methods of soft skills formation by all representatives of the educational process. Keywords: socio-cultural activity, artistic and pedagogical education, competence, soft-skills, education seekers

The situation in modern international relations, the stalemate in diplomatic negotiations with the U.S. and NATO in early 2022, the refusal to recognize the legitimacy of Russia's demands for “red lines” for its security and respect for the conditions put forward by Russia, as well as disagreement with the position on the need to protect the residents of the DNR and LNR were some of the reasons for the launch of a special operation in Ukraine. Since the joining of Crimea to Russia in 2014, Britain has taken a tough stance and initiated economic sanctions against Moscow. With the start of the special operation in Ukraine, the United Kingdom announced sanctions, was the first to suspend air traffic with Russia, and decided to confiscate the property of Russian oligarchs living in Great Britain. Many British businesses, including Shell and BP, have suspended their operations in Russia. In these circumstances, it is more important than ever to review the history of cooperation between Moscow and London in resolving conflict situations and to analyze and identify the focal points on which effective cooperation was built in the past in order to find tools to improve cooperation between Britain and Russia in the future. This article examines the cooperation between the two countries in resolving the Croatian, Bosnian and Kosovo crises, analyzing the similarities and differences in approaches to these issues and the conceptual foundations of Moscow and London's interaction in international politics in general and in the resolution of these conflicts specifically.

In the environmental legislation of the Russian Federation, designed to regulate public relations about nature, the concept of nature protection is a priority. Lake Baikal is a territory with special conditions of use, with unique natural characteristics and a powerful system of ecological and legal regulation of public relations in the field of environmental protection. For effective planning and regulation of economic activity in the coastal territories of Lake Baikal, it is advisable to involve an ecological and legal mechanism for environmental protection, which allows unambiguously determining the priority right to use the territory, relying on environmental legislation and protecting the rights of nature in resolving conflict situations. The use of the legal environmental zoning tool, which significantly enhances the ecological and legal mechanism by means of cartographic visualization, implemented with the involvement of geoinformation systems, allows us to simultaneously display the effect of all regulatory and legal restrictions on a specific area of the territory. This makes it easy to navigate the legislative space manifested on the ground, taking into account the characteristics of the territory, determine the priority right to use the territory and find the optimal permitted option for conducting permitted activities. So, on the example of the Slyudyansky district of the Irkutsk region, a comparison of the categories of legal zoning with maps of real use of resources was carried out, which clearly showed contradictions in real and permitted use. The visual implementation of the ecological and legal mechanism and the possibility of improving environmental management is shown, through the introduction of a mechanism that allows to identify violations in the regulated use of the territory in an operational mode, ensuring safe rational use of natural resources through the search for the optimal use of different areas of the territory.

The work is devoted to determining the purpose of professional foreign language teaching to students of an agrarian university in the conditions of content and language integrated learning. Based on the study of the history of the issue of determining the purpose of foreign language teaching at different stages, it was concluded that the main result of teaching should be the development of students’ professional intercultural foreign language communicative competence. This type of competence in work is understood as the ability and willingness of agrarian university students to use a foreign language as a mean of professional communication with representatives of different countries and cultures, taking into account the specifics of intercultural interaction, as well as a mean of cognition and professional development. Structurally, intercultural professional foreign language communicative competence includes three blocks: professional, intercultural, and foreign language communicative. Foreign language communicative competence represents the ability and willingness of students to use a foreign language as a mean of communication, cognition and development. It will reflect the professional orientation of teaching and include linguistic, speech, sociocultural, strategic and educational-cognitive components. Intercultural competence represents the ability and willingness to interact with representatives of different countries and cultures, aimed at establishing professional intercultural contacts, resolving conflict situations in the field of intercultural communication, and achieving the goals of intercultural interaction. All these three blocks of professional intercultural foreign language communicative competence exist separately only for descriptive purposes and are in close interconnection with each other. We also consider professional foreign language communicative competence as a level category consisting of value-motivational, cognitive, communicative and reflective components. Each of the components is described in detail.