An embedded DSP hardware encryption module for secure e‐commerce transactions

This paper presents a novel and advanced remotely controlled laboratory for conducting Active Noise Control (ANC), acoustic and Digital Signal Processing (DSP) experiments. The laboratory facility, recently developed by Blekinge Institute of Technology (BTH) Sweden, supports remote learning through internet covering beginners level such as simple experimental measurements to advanced users and even researchers such as algorithm development and their performance evaluation on DSP. The required software development for ANC algorithms and equipment control are carried out anywhere in the world remotely from an internet-connected client PC using a standard web browser. The paper describes in detail how ANC, acoustic and DSP experiments can be performed remotely The necessary steps involved in an ANC experiment such as validity of ANC, forward path estimation and active control applied to a broad band random noise [0-200Hz] in a ventilation duct will be described in detail. The limitations and challenges such as the forward path and nonlinearities pertinent to the remote laboratory setup will be described for the guidance of the user. Based on the acoustic properties of the ventilation duct some of the possible acoustic experiments such as mode shapes analysis and standing waves analysis etc. will also be discussed in the paper.

Web browsers are a key enabler of a wide range of online services, from shopping and email to banking and health services. Because these services frequently involve handling sensitive data, a wide range of web browser security policies and mechanisms has been implemented or proposed to mitigate the dangers posed by malicious code and sites. This paper describes an approach for specifying and enforcing flexible information-flow policies on the Chromium web browser. Complementing efforts that focus on information-flow enforcement on JavaScript, our approach focuses on an existing browser and encompasses a broad range of browser features, from pages and scripts to DOM elements, events, persistent state, and extensions. In our approach, which is a coarse-grained, light-weight implementation of taint tracking, entities in the browser are annotated with information-flow labels that specify policy and track information flows. We develop a detailed formal model of our approach, for which we prove noninterference. We also develop a corresponding prototype system built on top of Chromium. We demonstrate, and experimentally confirm, that the system can enforce many existing browser policies, as well as practically useful policies beyond those enforceable in standard web browsers.

E-commerce, e-mail, e-greeting, e-this, and e-that everywhere you turn there is a new "e" word for an internet or Web application. We, at the Cleveland Clinic Foundation, have been "e-nlightened" and will discuss in this report the implementation of a web-based radiology information system (RIS) in our radiology division or "e-radiology" division. The application, IDXRad Version 10.0 from IDX Corp, Burlington, VT, is in use at the Cleveland Clinic Foundation and has both intranet (for use in Radiology) and internet (referring physician viewing) modules. We will concentrate on the features of using a web browser for the application's front-end, including easy prototyping for screen review, easier mock-ups of demonstrations by vendors and developers, and easier training as more people become web-addicted. Project communication can be facilitated with an internal project web page, and use of the web browser can accommodate quicker turnaround of software upgrades as the software code is centrally located. Compared with other technologies, including client/server, there is a smaller roll out cost when using a standard web browser. However, the new technology requires a change and changes are never implemented without challenges. A seasoned technologist using a legacy system can enter data quicker using function keys than using a graphical user interface and pointing and clicking through a series of pop-up windows. Also, effective use of a web browser depends on intuitive design for it to be easily implemented and accepted by the user. Some software packages will not work on both of the popular web browsers and then are tailored to specific release levels. As computer-based patient records become a standard, patient confidentiality must be enforced. The technical design and application security features that support the web-based software package will be discussed. Also web technologies have their own implementation issues.

Chapter 59 - Virtual Private Networks

Web browsing is often a collaborative activity. Users involved in a joint information gathering exercise will wish to share knowledge about the web pages visited and the contents found. Magpie is a suite of tools supporting the interpretation of web pages and semantically enriched web browsing. By automatically associating an ontology-based semantic layer to web resources, Magpie allows relevant services to be invoked as well as remotely triggered within a standard web browser. In this paper we describe how Magpie trigger services can provide semantic support to collaborative browsing activities.

Java, in combination with Web browsers' abilities to load and execute untrusted Java applets in a secure fashion, has made computing over the Web a possibility. Now the challenge is to fully utilize this potential, given the limitations imposed by browsers. This paper presents KnittingFactory, an infrastructure to facilitate Web-based computing, which addresses this challenge. It supports building distributed applications, specifically those consisting of Java applets executing in browsers. It is composed of: (i) a distributed name service to assist users in locating other participants of a distributed computation via standard browsers; (ii) an embedded class server to eliminate the need for external HTTP servers for serving applet code; and (iii) a technique for direct applet-to-applet communication. In this paper, we describe the design and implementation of KnittingFactory and demonstrate its benefits by applying it to three distinct areas of Web-based computing. First, we apply our distributed name service to a client/server architecture to enable RMI clients to locate servers on unknown hosts. Second, we use the embedded class server to extend the capability of Charlotte, a parallel computing environment. Finally, we build a collaborative application using our direct applet-to-applet communication technique which does not require a forwarding agent. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

In this paper we present a client-server architecture which makes interactive auditory virtual environments (AVEs) accessible to devices with limited computational power. The implementation of an generator as web service allows for platform independent AVE services via mobile devices almost anywhere on any device using a standard web browser. We propose a client-server architecture which computes the acoustic signals on a high-performance server and provides low-latency audio streaming from the server to the client.

Online experimentation allows students from anywhere to operate remote instruments at any time. The current techniques constrain users to bind to products from one company and install client side software. We use Web services and Service Oriented Architecture to improve the interoperability and usability of the remote instruments. Under a service oriented architecture for online experiment system, a generic methodology to wrap commercial instruments using IVI and VISA standard as Web services is developed. We enhance the instrument Web services into stateful services so that they can manage user booking and persist experiment results. We also benchmark the performance of this system when SOAP is used as the wire format for communication and propose solutions to optimize performance. In order to avoid any installation at the client side, the authors develop Web 2.0 based techniques to display the virtual instrument panel and real time signals with just a standard Web browser. The technique developed in this article can be widely used for different real laboratories, such as microelectronics, chemical engineering, polymer crystallization, structural engineering, and signal processing.

We present the Virtual Beamline (VBL) application, an interactive web-based platform for visualizing high-intensity laser–matter interactions using particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations, with future potential for experimental data visualization. These interactions include ion acceleration, electron acceleration, γ-flash generation, electron–positron pair production, and attosecond and spiral pulse generation. Developed at the ELI Beamlines facility, VBL integrates a custom-built WebGL engine with WebXR-based Virtual Reality (VR) support, allowing users to explore complex plasma dynamics in non-VR mode on a computer screen or in fully immersive VR mode using a head-mounted display. The application runs directly in a standard web browser, ensuring broad accessibility. VBL enhances the visualization of PIC simulations by efficiently processing and rendering four main data types: point particles, 1D lines, 2D textures, and 3D volumes. By utilizing interactive 3D visualization, it overcomes the limitations of traditional 2D representations, offering enhanced spatial understanding and real-time manipulation of visualization parameters such as time steps, data layers, and colormaps. Users can interactively explore the visualized data by moving their body or using a controller for navigation, zooming, and rotation. These interactive capabilities improve data exploration and interpretation, making VBL a valuable tool for both scientific analysis and educational outreach. The visualizations are hosted online and freely accessible on our server, providing researchers, the general public, and broader audiences with an interactive tool to explore complex plasma physics simulations. By offering an intuitive and dynamic approach to large-scale datasets, VBL enhances both scientific research and knowledge dissemination in high-intensity laser–matter physics.

Advanced biological imaging analysis platforms such as Activity Quantification and Analysis (AQuA2) enable accurate spatiotemporal activity analysis across diverse cell populations within many species. These tools are increasingly important for investigating cellular signaling dynamics and behavior. However, despite advances in the accuracy and species capability of AQuA2, it remains computationally demanding for analysis of long time-series datasets and requires all users to maintain a MATLAB license, which may limit accessibility and large-scale deployment. To address these limitations, we have designed and made available AQuA2-Cloud, a portable software stack and web platform developed as an improvement and further evolution of AQuA2. This container-deployable system permits multi-user cloud-based high accuracy activity quantification with intuitive workflows, export of analysis data and project files, and comparable processing times. The platform offers integrated features such as in-browser analysis control interfaces, asynchronous program state control, multiple users and user management, support for unreliable connections, file uploading and downloading via web browsers and File Transfer Protocol, and centralized organization of analysis output. AQuA2-Cloud constitutes a cloud-native solution for laboratories or research groups seeking to centralize analysis of spatiotemporal biological imaging datasets while reducing software installation and licensing barriers for end users. The platform enables researchers with minimal technical expertise to perform advanced bioimaging analysis through standard web browsers while maintaining the analytical capabilities of AQuA2. AQuA2-Cloud source code, deployment procedures, and documentation are freely available at (https://github.com/yu-lab-vt/AQuA2-Cloud).

Bugscope is a second generation educational project in the World Wide Laboratory that provides web browser based control of scientific imaging instrumentation using the Internet. We had previously demonstrated web based remote access to sophisticated scientific imaging systems several years ago in the Chickscope project. The primary goal of the Bugscope project is to demonstrate that relatively low cost, sustainable access to an environmental scanning electron microscope (ESEM) can be made available to K-12 classrooms. Methods: To participate in the project, a classroom submits a web based application that describes how they plan to use the microscope. If the application is accepted, a one hour session on the ESEM is scheduled and the classroom mails in their chosen specimen. During their access time, classrooms use a standard web browser over the Internet to control and acquire images from the ESEM (Philips/FEI XL-30FEG).

Bugscope is a new educational project in the World Wide Laboratory. The World Wide Laboratory provides Web browser based control of scientific imaging instrumentation using the Internet [1]. Providing K-12 classrooms with web based remote access to sophisticated scientific imaging systems was initially demonstrated by us in 1996 in the Chickscope project [2,3]. Chickscope allowed students to study chicken embryo development using a remotely controlled magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) system from their classrooms. While the Chickscope project was highly successful, the resources required to provide operational support for the remote imaging aspects of the project for a small number of classrooms were enormous and the project was not sustainable. The Bugscope project builds on the methods developed and the lessons learned from the Chickscope project. The primary goal is to demonstrate that relatively low cost, sustainable access to an environmental scanning electron microscope (ESEM) can be made available to K-12 classrooms to examine arthropods.Methods: Classrooms use a standard web browser over the Internet to control and acquire images from a Philips XL-30FEG ESEM. The architecture to support remote acquisition is shown in fig. 1. The client/server control architecture for the ESEM remote control server is based on the emScope control library [4].

This paper presented a method to visualize Internet forums on the client side. Enhancement to web browsing was proposed to solve problems in information retrieval from forums. Specifically, visualization of structural information provided useful overviews for web browsing. A conceptual model described forums as three-dimensional spaces with information objects as points and web browsing as movements in the spaces. A series of diagrams were proposed to provide overviews for users’ web browsing movements. Implementation of the visualization system and examples of the diagrams were presented in the paper.KeywordsVisualizationInternet Forums

The SSL/TLS protocol is the de-facto standard for secure Internet communications, and supported by virtually all modern e-mail clients and Web browsers. With more and more PDAs and cell phones providing wireless e-mail and Web access, there is an increasing demand for establishing secure SSL/TLS connections on devices that are relatively constrained in terms of computational resources. In addition, the cryptographic primitives executed on the client side need to be protected against side-channel analysis since, for example, an attacker may be able to monitor electromagnetic emanations from a mobile device. Using an RSA-based cipher suite has the advantage that all modular exponentiations on the client side are carried out with public exponents, which is uncritical regarding performance and side-channel leakage. However, the current migration to AES-equivalent security levels makes a good case for using an Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC)-based cipher suite. We show in this paper that, for high security levels, ECC-based cipher suites outperform their RSA counterparts on the client side, even though they require the integration of diverse countermeasures against side-channel attacks. Furthermore, we propose a new countermeasure to protect the symmetric encryption of messages (i.e. “bulk data”) against Differential Power Analysis (DPA) attacks. This new countermeasure, which we call Inter-Block Shuffling (IBS), is based on an “interleaved” encryption of a number of data blocks using a non-feedback mode of operation (such as counter mode), and randomizes the order in which the individual rounds of the individual blocks are executed. Our experimental results indicate that IBS is a viable countermeasure as it provides good DPA-protection at the expense of a slight degradation in performance.

Modelica is primarily supported by simulation environments for the treatment of equation based models and model libraries. As of today Modelica is rarely used for the exchange of engineering data, visualization or interactive computing, even though the Modelica language offers a lot of interesting features for such applications. This paper investigates the potential of lightweight Modelica tools that run directly in scripting or web clients. Two Modelica parsers have been implemented in the popular client-side languages Python and JavaScript. The Modelica parser in Python is extended with a backend translating algorithmic Modelica definitions to Python. This gives access to existing Python packages from scripted Modelica. It also enables the interactive debugging of algorithmic Modelica code. The Modelica parser in JavaScript offers a generic backend interface. The paper demonstrates two applications. First a simple analysis tool for Modelica packages running from the command line is demonstrated. The true potential of JavaScript is the embedding of engineering data as Modelica code with HTML5 documents and their processing on the client side, e.g. in Web browsers. The paper shows a Modelica text editor and parameter GUI generator running in a web browser.