An overview of the NIST HDTV broadcast technology program

Comparison of visual census and high definition video transects for monitoring coral reef fish assemblages

Detection of fake high definition for HEVC videos based on prediction mode feature

Multimedia applications place high demands on resources in wireless networks. The 60GHz frequency band has been adopted to support high data rate applications in wireless personal area networks (WPANs). In the IEEE 802.15.3c standard for millimeter-wave-based high-rate WPANs, devices are allocated a dedicated transmission time called a CTA (channel time allocation) based on their request to transmit. While the duration of a CTA may be adjusted, the standard does not specify how resource allocation should be achieved. High-Definition (HD) video with variable bit rate (VBR) is a potential application for the WPAN. In this work, an IEEE 802.15.3c network is simulated and the throughput losses due to static resource provisioning for a series of H.264/SVC (MPEG-4 Part 10) HD video sources are identified. It is demonstrated that the high data rates proposed for the 60GHz frequency band will not be achieved without dynamic resource allocation.

Summary form only given. Station equipment planning for future HDTV (high-definition television) broadcasting is addressed. To date, almost all thinking on HDTV has involved production equipment. While television stations cannot plan updating of their transmitter plants until the FCC decides on a transmission standard, the author states that he believes that broadcast equipment manufacturers have an obligation to television stations to help plan for an orderly transition to HDTV telecasting with as little equipment obsolescence as possible. >

The high definition television (HDTV) system is introduced to microneurosurgery. Five cases with intracranial lesions: three cerebral aneurysms (giant aneurysms of the anterior communicating artery and internal carotid artery, aneurysm of the basilar artery), one acoustic neurinoma and one skull base meningioma, were operated on under the microscope using the HDTV system. The surgical procedures of each case were relayed and recorded by the system. In two of the five cases, we used two sets of HDTV system to produce stereoscopic projection. The HDTV system provided us with images of superior quality with a distinctly greater resolution than ordinary video systems.

The frame rate (FR) of a video plays an important role in affecting the perceptual video quality. Most studies about the effect of FR on the video quality mainly focused on low frame rate, e.g. less than 30 frames per second (fps), at low resolutions like CIF or QCIF. As the video frame rate and resolution advance, we reconsider this issue and investigate the relationship between frame rate and the perceptual video quality under high frame rate and high resolution. In this paper, we discuss the impact of frame rate on the perceptual quality of High Definition (HD) video with high frame rates (up to 120 fps) considered. Firstly, we design and conduct subjective experiment to construct the video dataset, which includes video sequences at different frame rates and the corresponding mean opinion scores (MOS) which represent the perceptual video quality. Based on the MOS results, we analyze how perceptual video quality changes as frame rate varies among different video sequences and propose some meaningful findings. The video dataset will be made publicly available. We deem that this study will enrich video quality assessment and benefit the development of high frame rate and high definition video business.KeywordsVideo quality assessmentSubjective experienceHigh frame rateHigh definition

The IEEE 802.11n standard supports very high physical layer data rates using Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) antenna technologies. Despite such high rates, High Definition (HD) video streaming is still challenging in WLAN deployments. In this paper, we show that the wireless channel probing overhead of existing 802.11n data rate adaptation mechanisms can be detrimental to HD video performance. We propose VARA, a Video-Aware Rate Adaptation protocol that addresses this problem by adapting the frequency and timing of wireless probing to both video encoding rate variations and wireless channel variations. In addition, VARA employs novel strategies that multiplex several Variable Bit Rate (VBR) HD video streams by minimizing their aggregate peak rate requirement. Our experimental evaluations for static and mobile scenarios in a MIMO 802.11n wireless testbed demonstrate the practical benefits of VARA over state-of-the-art 802.11n rate adaptation protocols.

This work first overviews a novel design, and prototype implementation, of a virtually transparent epidermal imagery (VTEI) system for laparo-endoscopic single-site (LESS) surgery. The system uses a network of multiple, micro-cameras and multiview mosaicking to obtain a panoramic view of the surgery area. The prototype VTEI system also projects the generated panoramic view on the abdomen area to create a transparent display effect that mimics equivalent, but higher risk, open-cavity surgeries. The specific research focus of this paper is on two important aspects of a VTEI system: 1) in vivo wireless high-definition (HD) video transmission and 2) multi-image processing-both of which play key roles in next-generation systems. For transmission and reception, this paper proposes a theoretical wireless communication scheme for high-definition video in situations that require extremely small-footprint image sensors and in zero-latency applications. In such situations the typical optimized metrics in communication schemes, such as power and data rate, are far less important than latency and hardware footprint that absolutely preclude their use if not satisfied. This work proposes the use of a novel Frequency-Modulated Voltage-Division Multiplexing (FM-VDM) scheme where sensor data is kept analog and transmitted via "voltage-multiplexed" signals that are also frequency-modulated. Once images are received, a novel Homographic Image Mosaicking and Morphing (HIMM) algorithm is proposed to stitch images from respective cameras, that also compensates for irregular surfaces in real-time, into a single cohesive view of the surgical area. In VTEI, this view is then visible to the surgeon directly on the patient to give an "open cavity" feel to laparoscopic procedures.

High capacity IEEE802.11 networks are increasingly supporting data intensive applications. Most of streaming applications are using high quality variable rate traffic which includes HD (High Definition) and UHD (Ultra High Definition) video streaming sources. Such services demand fair QoE for all end users which requires high network QoS as well as inter and intra service fairness. It is a challenging task to offer service fairness in a random access network due to nondeterministic resource allocation techniques. In this paper, we propose two video packet scheduling algorithms for the 802.11 MAC protocol which can offer high QoS as well as fairness among video streams transmitted on the downlink using the IEEE802.11ac MAC protocol. The first algorithm is the FRATXOP that allocates transmission resources for each flow based on experienced network congestion levels to improve throughput of HD and SD video connections. The second algorithm the EAS (Enhanced Access Scheduler) operates in conjunction with the FRA-TXOP to fairly allocate transmission resources to maintain fairness among all video streams. A ns-3 simulation model was developed to evaluate the performance of the above algorithms and compare with the standard IEEE802.11ac MAC protocol. Simulation results show that proposed algorithms can enhance the high network QoS as well as maintain high QoE fairness among all end video users.

Our research concentrates on developing a novel HDTV content management system that enables end users to search, retrieve and browse archived standard definition (SD) and high definition (HD) television material for program production and content repurposing in a digital television studio. We have developed the first system that automatically analyzes motion occurring in MPEG-2 coded SD and HD videos within the compressed domain itself and produces descriptors characterizing the global visual motion in videos, for content-based search and retrieval applications. We describe our robust and efficient scheme for automatically generating a flow characterization of a video bitstream without decompression, which is a frame-type-independent uniform motion representation amenable for consistent interpretation and computed from the raw motion vectors encoded in the MPEG-2 bitstreams. We propose novel techniques to handle all the different prediction schemes that are employed with different frame types and picture structures of MPEG-2 during the motion compensation process to deal with interlaced and progressive modes. Experiments with thousands of frames from SD and HD video streams demonstrate the accuracy of our flow estimation process and the effectiveness of utilizing flow vectors for annotation of perceived global motion in video streams.

Efficient error protection strategies for robust satellite broadcast of high-definition television (HDTV) and conventional TV are investigated. The concatenated Reed-Solomon/convolutional code is preferred over the RS code for fewer adverse effects on variable-length codes. A decoded bit error rate of 10/sup -10/ or below can be achieved for all transmitted information at a low threshold E/sub b//N/sub 0/. The most critical video packet data are received near-error-free by using an additional layer of block coding with minimal redundancy and complexity. The effect of loss of synchronization for variable-length codewords due to channel errors is minimized by simple error detection and concealment methods. Digital transmission architectures for the satellite broadcast of HDTV and conventional TV are outlined. >

High-definition television (HDTV) has been intensively developed in Europe since the early '80s, but no regular service has been started. The author reviews some ongoing European R & D activities in the field of high-definition (HD) technology and available and future technologies for HD communication are discussed. Finally, some applications of HD technology in the nonbroadcast area will be presented, including, HD teleconferencing, medical applications and telecinema services.

Efficient HD video coding with joint first-order-residual (FOR) and second-order-residual (SOR) coding technique

Introduction and penetration of high-speed and innovative mobile data services including social media and video services have been increasing significantly across the globe. This growth is driven by deployment and availability of capable and affordable mobile networks and smartphones. These trends have also been observed in Ethiopia as the country’s sole incumbent operator ethio telecom has expanded coverage and capacity of its mobile data network, especially for universal mobile telecommunications system (UMTS) network. The successful provision of these innovative services requires mobile operators to have continuous monitoring of the quality of their networks and customer satisfaction. To that end, this monitoring allows the operator to make timely network optimization, marketing and other relevant decisions that enhance service quality. Traditionally measurement and analysis of network quality of service (QoS) is performed using data from network management system (NMS) and drive/walk test (DT/WT). In recent times, the usage QoS data from crowdsourcing (CS) is also emerging as useful monitoring tool. However, all these methods do not fully capture users’ quality of experience (QoE), which is a function of not only network QoS but also other factors including subjective users’ technical literacy and opinion. As a result, operators have recently provided attention not only for QoS but also QoE. Yet, most quality related analyses are performed using data from only subjective survey, NMS, DT/WT, or CS. It is not straightforward to find quality investigation based on data from all the methods. More importantly, such quality investigation has not been made in the context of Ethiopia’s mobile market. In this paper, we perform QoS and QoE evaluation for UMTS mobile data service based on quality data from all NMS, WT, CS and subjective survey for a business area in Addis Ababa. The evaluation is made using downlink user throughput and mean opinion score (MOS) metrics. The obtained 50th percentile throughput results from NMS, WT and CS are good enough for web browsing and offline video streaming but not for high definition (HD) video calls and live HD video streaming. Furthermore, CS provides optimistic results compared to NMS and WT and its 90th percentile throughput is very good even for live HD video streaming. Moreover, the obtained MOS results from subjective survey almost fit to the QoS results, thus indicating that the network QoS is a significant contributor to users’ perceived QoE.

Terrestrial broadcast television in the United States has remained essentially unchanged in the last fifty years except for the addition of color and stereo sound. Today, personal computers are addressing the need for random access of high resolution images and CD quality audio. Furthermore, advances in digital video compression and digital communication technology have cleared the way toward offering high resolution video and audio services to consumers using traditional analog communications channels. In 1987, the U.S. Federal Communications Commission (FCC) chartered an advisory committee to recommend an advanced television system for the United States. From 1990 to 1992, the Advanced Television Test Center (ATTC) tested four all-digital systems, one analog High Definition Television (HDTV) system, and one enhancement NTSC system using broadcast and cable television environment simulators. The formation of the HDTV Grand Alliance in May of 1993 resulted from the withdrawal of the only analog HDTV system from the competition and a stalemate between the other four all-digital systems. The HDTV Grand Alliance system is composed of the best components from previously competing digital systems demonstrated to the FCC. Moving Pictures Experts Group (MPEG-2) syntax is used with novel encoding techniques to deliver a set of video scanning formats for a variety of applications. This paper describes the important features and concepts embodied in the HDTV Grand Alliance system.