AN UNORTHODOX VIEW OF RURAL DEVELOPMENT

Purpose. Given the global technological trends, identify conceptual approaches to technical and technological modernization of the agricultural production as a key element of sustainable development of the real sector of the economy of Ukraine and strategic directions of agricultural science research. Methods. Monographic, system analysis, abstract and logical. Results. It has been established that in the conditions of global climatic changes, the basis of the formation of highly automated agriculture will be flexible ecologically oriented technological processes in agricultural production, built on fundamentally new technical and technological foundations, namely: intellectualization, digitalization, complex automation and robotization. The concept of development of high-tech agricultural production of Ukraine has been developed based on the principles of sustainable development and the innovative concept “Industry 4.0”, which will ensure high and sustainable economic growth of the agricultural sector, the development of domestic agricultural machinery and related sectors of the economy. Strategic tasks for agricultural science on the development of the technical and technological base of highly automated agricultural production are identified. Conclusions. The study of modern trends in the development of the economies of advanced countries and their effectiveness give grounds for asserting that the specified strategic directions of technical and technological modernization of the agricultural sector will be the basis for the formation of an effective model for the development of high-tech agricultural climate-oriented production in Ukraine. Keywords: climate change, high-tech production, agriculture, technology, intellectualization, automation, mechanical engineering.

A Comparison of Assertive Community Treatment and Intensive Case Management for Patients in Rural Areas

The article considers the study of the theoretical foundations, implementation and prospects of innovative technologies in the market of agricultural products in Ukraine. The intensity of the development of digital trade in terms of volume and scale due to the introduction of artificial intelligence, which has the potential for the digital transformation of trade by significantly reducing geographical barriers, has been established. It is certain that a significant impetus to the development of innovations in trade in Ukraine, as well as in other countries of the world, was given by crisis events, namely, the pandemic, then military actions. In crisis conditions, digital technologies in trade have a significant advantage over traditional ones, because they allow the consumer to order goods without putting their life at risk. We studied the sector of domestic trade in agricultural products for the use of advanced technologies. The purpose of the work was to highlight the trends in the development of advanced technologies in the trade of agricultural products in Ukraine, to determine the influence of factors that shape the market and consumer trends on the innovative development of trading platforms, innovative challenges in the field of trade in agricultural products. Innovations in the trade of economically developed countries of the world and Ukraine are considered, in particular, the most developed and promising ones are highlighted. The main aspects of the state and trends of trade development in Ukraine are characterized. The analysis of statistical information and research has established the dominance of large business enterprises, although the trend of positive innovative movement of medium-sized businesses can be traced. It has been determined that in recent years, import operations significantly outweigh export operations, this is especially noticeable from the analysis of the results of 2022. The comparative analysis of indicators of the activity of trading enterprises in Ukraine for 2020-2023 using the example of the index of the physical turnover of retail trade proved its fluctuations depending on the crisis phenomena in the country. In particular, the export of goods decreased by 26.1%, and the import increased by 11.2%, which resulted in a negative balance. The largest share of trade during the studied periods was with EU countries, in 2023 it increased to 56%, while the share of exports decreased by 10%. Since the beginning of active hostilities, the country’s economic activity shows signs of stabilization, but this trend will depend on foreign economic relations with partner countries. It has been proven that the leading trend in the development of progressive technologies in the trade of agricultural products in Ukraine is the increase in the confidence of buyers in purchasing via the Internet. Furthermore, a critical element of digital commerce is an effective cybersecurity management plan that balances technology, geopolitical relations, government capacity; supports market reputation, and public-private cooperation.

Actuality. Last years the central Ukraine territories have been faced the new challenge such as the need to provide energy efficient housing and jobs (employment) for displaced people from Donbas regions. In the same time in the state level, the economic development of rural areas, as the agrarian sector is leading today. That is only the multi-disciplinary approach may provide the complex solution for rural support and sustainable development. In the context of circular economy the combination of building and agrarian sectors is logical as the building sector may propose the rational way of agriculture waste recycling and the rural infrastructure development together with new activities providing. The purpose. To develop a scientifically sound model of rural area planning development based in the integration of hybrid multi-functional building structures, taking into account the main principles of sustainable development and circular economy. Methodology. The model is based on a review of scientific work on the problem and the analysis of statistical data. It uses the methods of field research to study the features of sustainable development and energy-efficient structure systems in the rural areas. Findings. A new approach to design and structural solutions of the rural area is proposed, using the innovative hybrid system, which supports the balanced energy and information flows. In this model, the symbiosis of agricultural, administrative, and blocked individual buildings is key to the rural area agrarian building cluster unit, which is energy-efficient and autonomous (independent). The combination of environmental building technologies with modern bio-agricultural technologies can solve many of the socio-economic problems of the modern village - providing affordable quality housing, safe and useful work with green farming technologies, in tourism, and in scientific spheres. The proposed solution integrates rural area cultural and material heritage conservation as a socially important element. The research focuses on environmentally clean and renewable local materials: straw, flax, reed, hemp, earth-concrete, and others. Ideally, the proposal will achieve nearly 100% utilization, or recycling, of the construction and shell building materials in the end of building life cycle. It will also design solutions for nearly zero waste during exploitation. Scientific novelty and practical value. The spatial planning model of the region meets the basic criteria of sustainable development: economic and energy efficiency, social orientation, environmental friendliness, preservation of cultural heritage. The implementation of the proposed new planning model and building construction will facilitate balanced development and renaissance of the rural area.

In recent years, there has been a tendency for a rapid growth in organic crop production both in Ukraine and in the world. Due to the dynamic increase in organic production, crop production provides food security of the state, as well as becomes the template for creating new jobs in rural areas and remains a key budget-forming factor for the Ukraine’s gross domestic product’s growth. The purpose of the study is to analyze the state of organic crop production, disclose its specifics in order to effectively form accounting at agricultural enterprises in terms of the organic fertilizers’ reasonable cost breakdown. The article systematizes information on the development trends in organic crop production, compares the state of organic crop production in Ukraine with the world’s major economies, and forecasts the prospects for the organic production development in Ukraine until 2030. It has been determined that organic crop production is a competitive industry and is gradually developing. It has been established that organic crop production has the following organizational and technological characteristics: the production process is associated with biotransformation; the production cycle lasts for a year; the main production tool is agricultural land with organic status. It has been proven that these organizational and technological characteristics of organic crop production impact on accounting at agricultural enterprises. The study has analyzed the cost structure for organic crop production at agricultural enterprises in Kyiv region. It has been determined that the largest percentage in the crop production cost structure is occupied by the costs of fertilizers. It has been proven that this cost item needs to be breakdown when keeping records of costs for growing organic crop production in order to control them and obtain economic benefits for agricultural enterprises. The offered cost breakdown for organic fertilizers provides the information flows to control costs taking into account their worthiness, physical and chemical characteristics, analytical accounting, rational cost accounting and economic efficiency of organic crop production at agricultural enterprises.

The subject of our scientific interest is the problems of the United Territorial Communities (UTCs) in Ukraine analyzed by the example of Ivano-Frankivsk region, and the role played by agricultural enterprises (AEs). The article reveals the features of the balanced development of UTCs, which aims to create the preconditions for their stable growth and improvement of the quality of life in the countryside. The estimation of the level of satisfaction of the community from the operation of agricultural enterprises in the united territorial communities is assessed. In the process of evaluating the activities of the UTCs, the methods of questioning and SWOT analysis have been used. The results of the study have a theoretical and practical significance, especially in the context of non-endogenous development of rural areas, and may also serve as a tool for identifying the best economic solutions for the development of agricultural enterprises that function in UTCs. A research of agricultural enterprises activities in Ukraine provides grounds for identifying their positive and negative impact on united territorial communities. Creation of United Territorial Communities, as well as new agricultural enterprises in their territories, can contribute to solving this problem. Taking into account the difficult economic situation in Ukraine, UTCs need to be researched, including prospects for social development.

The rural development become at present more a more a global priority which is considered to be more than a simple rural policy. The starting point of our analysis is the European model and the American model for the rural development. Another part of the article is focused on European Union (EU) rural development policy 2007-2013 and on supporting the implementation of its strategies and programs. It can be said that the Small and Medium Enterprises sector is the key of “the triple” of the rural durable development: economic, social, environment. Therefore in our paper we analyze the evolutions from the Romanian sector of SMEs, especially the rural SMEs, in comparison with the situation from EU countries, taking into consideration the requirements of a rural durable development. In this context, a major role in the Romanian rural development is played by the investment and financing, including the structural European funds.

Історично вівчарство є традиційною галуззю сільськогосподарського виробництва в Україні. У процесі розвитку вівчарства і козівництва створено галузь з багатим генофондом. Однак з переходом на ринкові відносини нагромаджений потенціал галузі почав руйнуватися. Наразі гострою вбачається необхідність відродження вівчарства і козівництва у сільськогосподарських підприємствах, що вимагає розширення наукових досліджень щодо забезпечення ефективного ведення галузі, формування конкурентоспроможної продукції вівчарства і козівництва. Обґрунтування напрямів успішного вирішення цього завдання можливе лише за умови об’єктивної всебічної оцінки стану розвитку вівчарства і козівництва в сільськогосподарських підприємствах та рівня ефективності виробництва продукції галузі. Розглянуто теоретичні основи ефективності сільськогосподарських підприємств вівчарства і козівництва в ринкових умовах господарювання. Проаналізовано існуючі на сьогодні визначення категорії «ефективність». Висвітлено концепції аналізу ефективності підприємницької діяльності та рівень економічної ефективності сільськогосподарських підприємств вівчарства і козівництва. Визначено показники ефективного виробництва у вівчарстві та козівництві. Відображено фактори формування ефективності сільськогосподарських підприємств вівчарства і козівництва. Розкрито поняття «ефективність» різними економістами–аграрниками у науковій літературі. Проілюстровано систему чинників зростання ефективності виробництва продукції вівчарства і козівництва у сільськогосподарських підприємствах.

In the last decade, rural development emerged as one of the prominent challenges facing the United States. Strong support for rural development is now found in both major political parties and at federal, state, and local levels. There is little doubt that the development of rural America will become even more important in the future.Despite unprecedented growth, both urban and rural areas in the United States are greatly deficient in many aspects of quality living conditions. The nation’s cities are slowly strangling themselves, jamming together people and industry while spawning pollution, transportation paralysis, housing blight, lack of privacy, and a crime-infested society. Rural areas simultaneously suffer from the other extreme: lack of sufficient employment opportunities, outmigration and depopulation, and too few people to support services and institutions. The migration from rural areas contributes to the problems of both the city and countryside depopulating rural places at the expense of overcrowded cities.This book focuses on rural development processes, problems, and solutions. Seven prominent specialists in the field, including agricultural and regional economists, demographers, and administrators, discuss the development of the open country, small towns, and smaller cities (up to fifty thousand population). They present an integrated approach to rural development problems, not a mere collection of readings. Valuable guidelines for policies to benefit both rural and urban areas are provided.Since rural development involves interdisciplinary scholarship, this book will be of interest to a wide range of social scientists working in rural areas both here and abroad. Economists, sociologists, and political scientists, as well as community leaders and planners, legislators, government officials and interested laymen, will find this volume useful in understanding the rural development effort.

This paper explores the issues connected between rural sustainable development in formerly state-socialist countries and the local cultural heritage of rural areas. It pays specific attention to the potential of cultural tourism which can enhance local rural development. This paper is a case study of the Hărman commune, and this area is investigated in depth. It is one of the most important rural and cultural areas located in Brașov County of Romania, a country with an impressive cultural heritage concentrated in its rural areas. The study uses a mixed-method analysis combining quantitative and qualitative research (focus groups, interviews, oral histories, and personal conversions), participatory ethnographic observation, and logical framework analysis (LFA). The main findings of the study illustrate that the Hărman commune has an important cultural heritage which could be more capitalized on in the future through the lens of cultural tourism to ensure local sustainability and to open up new perspectives in terms of local development, connecting rural and cultural tourism with other economic activities. Furthermore, the main findings of this study represent, beyond an informative platform for the local actors in rural development, an inspiring instrument that could frame new policies in local rural sustainable development and fertile backgrounds for new debates in local rural sustainability, enriching local agendas on rural sustainable development through cultural heritage capitalization and cultural tourism.

Around 45% of total population lives in rural areas, which cover almost three quarters of the country. Multiannual migration of population on relation rural-urban areas, followed by not fully appropriate social and rural policy, led to significant depopulation of rural areas. Multiannual practice of not investing in development of rural infrastructure and other aspects of rural living (strengthening of social and educational component of living in rural areas, development of rural economy not necessarily linked to agriculture, environmental protection…) made from rural areas parts of countryside with limited non-agricultural employment possibilities and providing permanent source of descent living, limited educational possibilities, insufficiently developed social aspects of everyday life and by all of these – unattractive areas for living of all residents and especially, young generations as key stakeholders in development of rural areas. Active role of Government and budget, Ministry in charge among other responsible institutions, for programming and financing measures of support to sustainable agricultural and rural development can play most important role in decreasing rural poverty.

The article highlights the problems of forming an effective mechanism of state regulation of the greening of agricultural production in Ukraine in accordance with global trends in the greening of public production and wartime problems in the country. The indicator of the degree of environmental friendliness of production is the main indicator of the degree of development of the corresponding modern economy, as well as the degree of safety of each country for people to live in it. The agricultural sector is the basic industry that forms the conditions for the development of the social economy and provides the population with the basic needs of food and clothing, therefore it requires a high degree of environmentalization in the first place. Unfortunately, the current market principles of management in Ukraine often place current benefits above the interests of future generations, which negatively affects public health. Accordingly, the task of effective long-term state regulation is the combination in the system of activity of the national economy, primarily the agricultural sector, the tasks of increasing environmentalization and economic benefit, creating socially useful, healthy food production as the basis of national security. In the peacetime state regulation of ensuring the ecological focus of agricultural production in Ukraine was focused on diversifying the ways of increasing the pace of production of ecologically clean products, the use of environmentally safe and energy-saving technologies in agriculture, the wide implementation of innovative developments capable of minimizing the negative impact of production and processing of products on the environment. The full-scale military invasion that began on February 24, 2022, crossed out all strategies for promoting the development of the ecological economy of Ukraine. Since the beginning of the war, our country has faced significant consequences of hostilities, which caused not only direct destruction, large-scale loss of life and economic losses, but also had an extremely negative impact on the ecological situation. The article outlines the necessary tasks of modern state regulation of the ecological situation in the region, its focus on the restoration of the natural environment and the return to world standards of the natural environment after the end of the war.

The article is devoted to studying the structural and dynamic changes in international trade in agricultural products in Ukraine. The authors reveal the theoretical essence of international trade in agricultural products, considering export and import conditions in light of modern challenges. The assessment of the foreign trade regime is provided and the trends and impact of implementing the Agreement on Association between Ukraine and the EU on the development of Ukraine's foreign trade are established. It was found that, on one hand, the export orientation of raw materials to the EU crop production market has increased, while on the other hand, there remains a high import dependence on prepared food products, with a more diversified import structure. The peculiarities of key directions of Ukraine's agro-industrial market under martial law and its place in the global food security system are described. The article also examines the structure of Ukraine's trading partners, which have been revised since the beginning of the war. The peculiarities of cooperation between Ukraine and the EU in international trade in agricultural products are analysed. Ways of diversifying exports and increasing the profitability of foreign trade in agricultural products from Ukraine in the EU market are suggested.

Topicality. The implementation of an innovative way of development of the agricultural sector will increase the competitiveness of Ukrainian agriculture. Using the experience of developed countries and adapting certain models of innovative development of agricultural enterprises and the national economy as a whole, agricultural producers of the country can effectively manage production and economic processes, grow high-yield, high-quality and competitive products, increase the efficiency and profitability of production, reduce the consumption of material, energy, and labor and natural resources, reduce the negative impact on the environment.Aim and tasks. The purpose of this scientific paper is to study different views on the definition of the conceptual approach of innovation and investment development of the material and technical base of enterprises of Ukraine. This purpose made it possible to form the following tasks: to deepen the theoretical aspects of the economic essence of the material and technical base for the agricultural market, to reveal the conditions and regularities of its functioning; to assess the current state of innovations implemented by agricultural enterprises of Ukraine and to identify the main trends in their development.Materials and Methods. In the process of working on the article, materials of own research, analysis of statistical data, publications of domestic scientists were used. The research was carried out using the following methods: historical, induction and deduction, analysis and synthesis - to outline the evolutionary, process-historical provisions of the formation of the theory and methodology of the development of the material and technical base.Research results. The transition to the innovation-investment model of economic development is impossible without attracting investments. In accordance with the legislation, investments are made in the form of capital investments for the purpose of reproduction of fixed assets and increase of reserves. Investment is a cumulative process of investing capital, during which successive changes in various forms of value take place; there is a dynamic relationship between interdependent elements of investment activity - resources - expenses - income. Innovation is the use of new forms of business organization and management, as well as intellectual work and technological developments aimed at improving social and economic activity. Investment and innovation processes should not be considered separately, but together. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a model of innovation-investment activity that combines the principles of investment and innovation, methods and mechanisms of implementation, criteria for making innovation-investment decisions. (knau.kharkov.ua) The goal of the innovation and investment process is to increase the economic potential of the enterprise's material and technical base.Conclusion. The development of agriculture requires material and technical support that meets the standards of the EU and developed countries of the world. However, the problem of capital equipment of agricultural production in Ukraine has not been solved due to the narrowing of the reproduction of the main capital of the industry and the insufficient rate of accumulation in recent years. Increasing the productivity of agricultural enterprises is practically impossible without the introduction of innovations and investments in the material and technical base. Positive results can be achieved through the introduction of new production technologies, optimization of the machine and tractor fleet, rational use of land resources and soil cultivation, rational sowing and crop rotation, introduction of new varieties and hybrids that are more productive in terms of zoning, as well as the use of environmentally friendly and resource-saving technologies. Technological innovations and investments, optimization of the production complex and adaptation to modern trends in the agricultural market increase the economic efficiency and profitability of enterprises.

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