Analysis of Adaptive Reasoning Ability in Middle School Students Mathematics Learning

This study aims to determine the difference in the increase in mathematical reasoning ability between students who learn using mathematical interactive multimedia and students who learn using conventional learning, both in overall ability and by categories of early mathematical ability (high, medium, and low). This study is a quasi-experimental research with the experimental group learns through mathematical interactive multimedia and the control group learns through conventional learning. This study was conducted in one of Public Senior High Schools in Bandung with the subject sample consisted of two classes. Data was collected using an instrument in the form of mathematical reasoning ability test. Data analysis was performed on the average normalized gain between the two groups of samples by using t-test and two-way ANOVA. Early mathematical ability of students of both the experimental class and control class is divided into three groups, namely high, medium, and low. The results showed that the enhancement of mathematical reasoning ability of experimental group is better than the control group. Considering from early mathematical ability, there were significant differences in the increase of mathematical reasoning ability among the high, medium, and low ability students. There is an interaction between the learning method (using interactive multimedia and conventional) and the initial mathematical ability (high, medium, and low) in improving students' mathematical reasoning ability.

Education can develop students' potential, while mathematics education is an effort to improve students' mathematical abilities and increase students' intelligence. Mathematics is used as a tool to develop these mathematical abilities, this shows that mathematics is a very important science, but many students view mathematics as the most difficult field of study, this is because students often have difficulty understanding math problems so they often do mistakes in solving the given questions. Mathematical Literacy Ability is an ability that supports the development of the five mathematical abilities termed as mathematical power. Therefore, mathematical literacy is referred to as the minimum ability that someone has in the field of mathematics. The type of research used is qualitative research with a descriptive approach. Based on the results of the acquisition of the score for each student given, the score of the results of the mathematical literacy ability test in solving PISA questions for students is in the less category as many as 25 people, 5 is enough and not in the Good category. The overall average is 58.5. It can be seen that the average score of the results of the mathematical literacy ability test is in the Less category.

Although teaching mathematics for creativity has been advocated by many researchers, it has not been widely adopted by many teachers because of two reasons: 1) researchers emphasized and investigated mathematical creativity in terms of product dimension by looking at what students have at the end of problem-solving or -posing activities, but they neglected the creative processes students use during mathematics classrooms, and 2) creativity is an abstract construct and it is hard for teachers to interpret what it means for students to be creative in mathematics without further guidance. These can be eliminated by employing techniques of mathematical connections as tools because using mathematical connections can help teachers make sense of how to promote the creative processes of students in mathematics. Because making mathematical connections is a process of linking ideas in mathematics to other ideas and this is a creative act for students to take to achieve creative ideas in mathematics, using the strategies of making mathematical connections has the potential for teachers to understand what it means for students to be creative in mathematics and what it means to teach mathematics for creativity. This paper has two aims to 1) illustrate strategies for making mathematical connections that can also help students’ creative processes in mathematics, and 2) investigate the relationship among general mathematical ability, mathematical creative ability, and mathematical connection ability by reviewing theoretical explanations of these constructs and several predictors (e.g., inductive/deductive ability, quantitative ability) that are important for these constructs. This paper does not only provide examples and techniques of mathematical connection that can be used to foster creative processes of students in mathematics, but also suggests a potential model depicting the relationship among mathematical creativity, mathematical ability, and mathematical connection considering previously suggested theoretical models. It is important to note that the hypothesized model (see Figure 4) suggested in the present paper is not tested through statistical analyses and it is suggested that future research be conducted to show the relationship among the constructs (mathematical connection, mathematical creativity, mathematical ability, and spatial reasoning ability).

This study aims to investigate how students’ the ability of critical mathematical thinking ability, visual thinking and self-efficacy in the current trigonometry. Data were collected through the students’ answers, self-efficacy questionnaire and interview. The results obtained are then analyzed to see the students’ ability level in trigonometry. The result showed the students do not yet have the critical thinking ability are good but have good visual thinking ability in trigonometry. This is because students do not have the concept of underlying problem solving well. Furthermore, students feel less confident in their mathematical ability. This is evidenced of the analysis self-efficacy questionnaire. The results of this study encourage us as prospective teachers to find teaching methods that can help students understand the concepts of trigonometry well so that students love and eager to solve the problem of trigonometry.

Mathematical reasoning ability and self-regulated learning is one of the objectives of the mathematics learning that should be owned by the students. It is needed relevant learning approaches to develop and improve mathematical reasoning ability and self-regulated learning. One of the learning approaches is Contextual Teaching and Learning (CTL). The purpose of this study was to determine: the improvement of mathematical reasoning ability and self-regulated learning of students who obtain CTL approach and students who receive conventional learning. This study was an experimental research study designed by pretest-posttest control group design. The population of this study was all students of class VII MTsN Rukoh Banda Aceh. While the sample was composed of two classes, namely the experimental class and control class taken by random sampling. The instruments used to obtain research data were the form of mathematical reasoning ability tests and questionnaires of students learning independence. To see the difference in mathematical reasoning ability and self-regulated learning between CTL approach classesand conventional classes used the t-test at the 0.05 significance level. Based on this research, it was known that 1) the improvement of mathematical reasoning ability of studentsacquire learning CTL approach better than students who received conventional learning approaches; 2) the improvement of student’s independence learning gained CTL approach better than received conventional approaches. CTL approach in learning can affect the better ability of mathematical reasoning and self-regulated learning, in terms of quality there was a significant difference between students who are learning using CTL approach and using conventional learning.

The overarching goal of this 2-phase study was to investigate the contributions of relational reasoning to mathematical thinking and performance for 790 primary and middle-school Chinese students. Phase I of the study was undertaken to establish the reliability and validity of the Test of Relational Reasoning-Junior (TORRjr), a 32-item measure developed to assess children’s and young adolescents’ ability to reason analogically, anomalously, antinomously, and antithetically. The range of analyses from item difficulties to the overall structural model showed the TORRjr to be a psychometrically sound measure for study participants. There was also evidence of development in students’ relational reasoning ability. In Phase II, the contributions of TORRjr performance to results of a novel measure of quantitative relations (QRTC²), a traditional measure of mathematical ability (MAT), and a fluid measure of mental rotation (MRT) were examined. Relational reasoning was significantly associated with performance on all 3 measures to a moderate or moderately strong level. Relational reasoning was also found to partially mediate the association between the QRTC² and MAT and fully mediate the relation between MRT and MAT. Multiple-group regression analyses revealed a stronger association between relational reasoning and mathematical performance for middle-school students than for primary students. Theoretical and practical implications of the outcomes from both phases are forwarded. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved)

The use of ICT in learning mathematics is not something new in order to maximize students’ mathematical abilities, especially in this modern era of industrial revolution 4.0. One of the mathematical abilities that focus on students’ development is mathematical reasoning ability. Based on this, the purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of ICT learning that developed through Hippani Animator Software on students’ mathematical reasoning abilities. This is a quasi-experimental study with non-equivalent control group design involving 72 students in different classes. Learning in the experimental class was carried out using ICT conducted in computer laboratories while in the control class did not use ICT learning. The experimental class was given a treatment using ICT, while the control class was given a conventional method but with the same mathematical reasoning abilities. The research was conducted for grade VII students at the Public Islamic Junior High School called State of Madrasah Tsanawiyah (MTsN) 3 Kuningan to introducing statistical data presentation. The results showed that the mathematical reasoning ability of the experimental class was better than control class. It indicates that the use of ICT in mathematics learning is effective in developing students’ reasoning abilities.

The purpose of this research is to analyze: (1) Is the increase creative thinking mathematics of the students who obtain a Project Based Learning model assisted by Ms.Excel higher than the ability of mathematics creativity of students who received regular learning. (2) Is there an interaction between students’ mathematics ability (high, medium, low) and model of learning to increase students’ creative thinking mathematics ability. (3) How is the students’ answering process in solving the problem of creative thinking mathematics ability in learning using Project Based Learning model assisted by Ms.Excel and regular learning. This type of research is a quasi experimental research. The data in this study were analyzed using descriptive statistical and inferential analysis. Descriptive analysis is intended to describe the percentage of achievement scores of students in learning by using a Project Based Learning model assisted by Ms.Excel and regular Learning. Inferential analysis of data is performed by Two Ways ANOVA. Based on those analyses, the researcher acquires the result. That are: (1) The increasing of students’ creative thinking mathematics ability using Project Based on Learning model assisted by Ms.Excel is higher than regular learning. (2) There is no interaction between mathematical prerequisite ability and model of learning on creative thinking mathematics ability. (3) Students’ answering process that taught by Project Based Learning model assisted Ms.Excel is better than students’ answering process that taught by regular learning.

This intervention study focused on: (1) analyzing whether there is a significant effect of guided inquiry learning model based on Deli Malay culture context towards student’s mathematical critical thinking ability or not and (2) analyzing whether there is a significant interaction between learning model and prior mathematical ability towards student’s mathematical critical thinking ability or not. This study is a quasi experimental research that used mathematical critical thinking ability test. Population in this study are all students in SMPN 1 Tebing Tinggi Academic Year 2017/2018 and the samples are 32 students in class VIII-A taught by using guided inquiry learning model based on Deli Malay culture context and 32 students in class VIII-C taught by using expository learning. The data was analyzed by using Two Way Anova and found that: (1) there is a significant effect of guided inquiry learning model based on Deli Malay culture context towards student’s mathematical critical thinking ability and (2) there is no a significant interaction between learning model and prior mathematical ability towards student’s mathematical critical thinking ability.

The ability of mathematical representation is one of the abilities that must be possessed by students in learning mathematics. In fact, students 'mathematical representation ability is still relatively low, so we need a learning model that can improve students' mathematical representation abilities, namely Model Eliciting Activities (MEA) with STAD type. The purpose of this study is to compare the mathematical representation ability of students taught using MEA with STAD type and those taught with conventional learning. The approach to be used is a quantitative approach with a quasi-experimental research method and using a control group pretest-posttest design. The population in this study were all VII grade students. Sampling was done using simple random sampling, which consisted of two classes, class VII1 as the experimental class and class VII2 as the control class. Data collection is used by using a mathematical representation ability test sheet. The data analysis technique used is independent t-test. Based on these analysis it can be concluded that the mathematical representation ability of students taught using MEA with STAD type is better than conventional learning.

Abstract: This research was conducted based on the low critical mathematical thinking skills of class IX students at MTs Negeri 3 Majalengka. Researchers chose problem based learning models with the help of monopoly games to overcome students' mathematical abilities. The aim of this research was to find out how it was implemented and whether there was an influence of the problem based learning models with the help of the monopoly game on students' mathematical critical thinking abilities. The type of research used was quantitative research using experimental methods. The population of this study was all class IX, totaling 155 students, with a sample of 19 students in class IX A, and 21 students in class IX B. Data collection methods were carried out by observation and tests. Data analysis techniques used normality tests, homogeneity tests, and t tests. Based on the results of the t test againstpost-test obtained a value of 0.000 < 0.05, then H1 accepted. So it cauld be concluded that there was an influence between the modelsproblem based learning with the help of the monopoly game on mathematical critical thinking skills.

This research aims to determine the profile of science practicum lectures, logical thinking abilities, and systems thinking skills of prospective science teacher students in Sorong Regency. This research is a case study with pre-research, implementation, and final/post-research stages. The subjects of this research were students who were or had contracted for science practicum course. The instruments used are analysis lists, logical thinking test instruments, systems thinking scales, and systems thinking skills tests. Interviews were also conducted to support the data that had been obtained. The research results show that (1) the practicum activities that have been running so far have only trained skills in collecting, processing, and analyzing scientific research data. (2) The contents of the practicum instructions do not train students' thinking skills, such as critical thinking, systems, or problem-solving. (3) Students' logical thinking abilities are relatively evenly distributed at proportional, correlational, and combinatorial reasoning levels; however, the majority of students have reasoning in the transitional category, and there is quite a high level of concrete reasoning. (4) Students' systems thinking skills are relatively low, especially forest thinking skills. Different and innovative practicum lecture approaches need to be developed to improve logical thinking and systems thinking skills for prospective science teacher students in Sorong Regency. Low levels of logical thinking and systems thinking skills will have implications for achieving skills at the next level, such as the skills needed today, namely 21st-century skills.

This research aims to describe the mathematical literacy abilities in class XII TKR1. The study involved 17 students who were classified at the level of mathematical ability. Classification of students' mathematical ability levels is based on the average score of daily mathematics tests based on Learning Goal Achievement Criteria (KKTP). The research method used is qualitative description. The data in this research were obtained from observations, tests and interviews. The test used is a mathematical literacy ability test which includes 4 questions which refer to indicators of mathematical literacy ability. The test results show that the literacy of class XII TKR1 students was still low based on the KKTP score. Apart from that, based on the indicators, SS and SR subjects have not met the indicators, while ST subjects have only one indicator that has not met the.

This study aims to examine the improvement of metacognitive abilities in learning mathematics through a variety of formative assessments. The study applied an experimental approach with a pre- and post-tests control group design. Six classes of students were chosen by cluster random sampling as the sample, with two classes serve as the experimental group with performance assessments, two classes serve as the comparison group with essay assessments and two additional classes serve as the control group with multiple choice assessments. The instrument to measure metacognitive ability was developed specifically for the pre-and post-tests. The gain score was analyzed using a one-way ANOVA and continued with the Scheffe test. The study discovered that students who participated in learning with formative assessments of performance showed the highest levels of metacognitive skills followed by those who participated in learning with formative assessments of essays and those who participated in learning with formative assessments of multiple-choice questions came in third. These findings lead to the conclusion that formative assessment of performance has a positive effect on improving metacognitive abilities. According to the characteristics of learning mathematics, this situation might happen because the performance evaluation includes activities that are difficult, comprehensive and associated with daily life. In addition, performance assessment also has intrinsic value because it requires students to organize and present material in their own way. It is recommended that mathematics teachers use formative performance assessments in order to enhance cognitive capacities.

This study dealt with the students’ mathematical beliefs and attitudes as predictors to students’ mathematical ability of New Bataan District. The study's main goal is to determine the impact of mathematical beliefs and attitudes on students' mathematical ability in New Bataan District, using a research design that is quantitative and predictive-correlational with regression analysis and a total of 270 respondents among junior high school students from the district's eight secondary schools. The Mean, Pearson r, and Multiple Regression Analysis were the measurable instruments used in this study. The mathematical beliefs of students were discovered to be a strong predictor of their mathematical abilities in the New Bataan district in terms of teacher’s role, relevance, difficulty, and high degree of competence. Furthermore, the results revealed that in terms of confidence, importance, and engagement, students' mathematical attitudes as a predictor of students' mathematical ability in the New Bataan district are quite high. Moreover, the students’ mathematical beliefs and students’ mathematical ability of New Bataan District have a significant relationship. Also, the students’ mathematical attitudes and students’ mathematical ability of New Bataan District have a significant relationship. Only teacher’s role out of four domains of students’ mathematical beliefs predicts students’ mathematical ability. No domains of students’ mathematical attitudes predicts students’ mathematical ability. As a result, the higher a student's mathematical ability, the better his or her mathematical beliefs and attitudes about mathematics are.