Analysis of Contractual Based Construction Implementation and Self-Managed Construction Implementation Based on Community Empowerment

Accounting for possible risks that affect the successful implementation of construction projects is one of the most important tasks in planning and managing construction. The main problem for risk accounting is that they arise under the influence of random factors under conditions of high uncertainty. Therefore, the vast majority of risk accounting methods in construction are based on probabilistic models. Given the fact that recently the level of uncertainty in almost all areas of economic activity has increased significantly, it is necessary to develop new approaches to risk analysis that would respond as accurately and quickly as possible to emerging threats. Aim. The purpose of the study is to develop a mathematical model based on the theory of random Markov processes, which allows, in a probabilistic approach, to analyze the negative impact of adverse factors on the implementation of construction projects in the dynamics of their receipt under conditions of high uncertainty in order to increase the efficiency of construction work. Materials and methods. The risk assessment model of the influence of unfavorable factors on a construction project, presented in the paper, is based on the theory of Markov random processes, which makes it possible to assess the probability of the implementation of possible threats with varying degrees of damage, and to calculate risks during construction work. The model assumes that threats that cause different levels of damage to a construction project arrive at random times and require different times to eliminate them. To implement the model, a system of differential equations is given, which is solved by numerical methods. An analysis of the solution under various conditions of threats is carried out. The influence of negative factors on the construction project during its long-term implementation is considered separately. The analysis of the influence of temporal and probabilistic parameters of the task on the degree of risks in the implementation of construction projects was carried out. Results. The relevance of developing a risk assessment model for the implementation of construction projects is shown, goals and objectives for scientific research are set. The ways of solving the set tasks are given and substantiated. A mathematical model has been developed that makes it possible to estimate the probabilities of finding a construction project in various states, differing in different degrees of risk during the implementation of the project. On the basis of numerical methods, the practical implementation of the model is given for various parameters characteri¬zing the influence of negative factors on the progress of the construction project. The results of the practical implementation of the model are analyzed, recommendations are given for using the model in practice. Conclusion. The presented dynamic risk assessment model for the implementation of construction projects can serve as the basis for building an optimal control system for the progress of construction work and making decisions on the organization of construction activities.

With the dominance of top-down development, the aspirations of the community's ideas in every stage of construction development are not perfectly absorbed, resulting in community antipathy towards every government policy. Therefore, to recreate public sympathy, the government released a program to strengthen village governance and development (P3PD) or better known as the village fund program. The AHP (Analytical Hierarchy Process) method is used to analyze the results of the questionnaire so that the weight value of the criteria and sub criteria can be known as the basis for selecting the implementation of construction activities. Based on the results of the analysis, the weight value of the criteria can be found as follows: quality criteria are the main criteria in the selection of construction projects with a weight of 0.235, cost with a weight of 0.203, time with a weight of 0.192, community participation with a weight of 0.144, labor with a weight of 0.117 and administration with a weight of 0.110.

The role of risk management is of course very important in construction implementation management, for this reason there needs to be a study on the integration of disaster risk management into construction implementation. The purpose of this writing is to determine the risks that occur in the implementation of construction projects if a disaster occurs, compare the ranking results of risk factors that occur in the implementation of construction projects obtained with the results of previous research, manage risk management during ongoing construction projects related to disaster events, and compile a framework for integrating disaster risk management into construction projects. Data analysis in this research was carried out using methods, namely: descriptive statistical analysis to analyze the level of threat of danger caused by natural disasters, mean ranking analysis to analyze risks that occur in the implementation of construction projects if a disaster occurs, risk response analysis to analyze risk management. for disaster management, and creating a disaster risk management framework for implementing construction projects. After analyzing data on factors related to mitigating risk management in construction work in this research, it was found that the contractual, construction and technological design components were the most dominant factors related to mitigating risk management in construction work. Meanwhile, labor is a component that is not dominant in mitigating risk management in construction work.

Tuberculosis (TB) is a deadly infectious disease that threatens the world. Indonesia currently ranks second highest in the world with TB caseload. TB poses a very complex problem both in terms of medical, as well as social, economic, and cultural aspects. Drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB) cases in Sumenep district have been increasing over the past five years. Risk factors for DR-TB cases in Sumenep District are mostly treatment dropouts. The recorded number of DR-TB until October 2023 was 39 people and there were 2 non-compliant patients / dropouts. This will certainly be a public health threat, considering that TB is a contagious disease. An effective strategy in strengthening the response to DR-TB in Sumenep District is community empowerment through the involvement and role of DR-TB survivors. The involvement of survivors of DR-TB is very important in improving treatment adherence through sharing good experiences, education and motivation. This activity is carried out through advocacy methods (audiences), commitment formation meetings and organization and capacity building. This program was carried out for 2 months from planning, implementation and reporting. The results of the activities: a) the hearing was addressed to the P2KB Sumenep Health Office and the Bhanu Yasa Sejahtera Foundation (YABHYSA) Sumenep Branch and RSUD dr. H. Moh Anwar Sumenep. b) SAKERA formation meeting through socialization, discussion, testimony and commitment formation. 93.33% of participants agreed to form a survivor organization called SAKERA; c) SAKERA institutional capacity building activities. The method used was socialization, discussion and assistance in document preparation. This objective resulted in the main organizational documents, namely by-laws, organizational structure and standard operating procedures (SOP) for SAKERA activities

The main principles and approaches to construction planning and production organization are taking into account the dependencies between the terms of project implementation and its cost. The basis of this methodology for determining the effectiveness of the implementation of construction projects is the methods and methods by which the participants of the construction and investment process determine the duration and cost of construction during tenders at various stages of organizational and technological development. The effectiveness of improving these methods essentially depends on how fully they take into account the specific features of the management-control, organizational-technological, and financial situations in which the construction will be carried out. A very wide and diverse list of factors can affect the structure and indicators of construction projects. Among them, for example, the relative remoteness of the main suppliers of resources from construction sites, the underdevelopment of the construction industry in some regions of the country, the influence of climatic factors on the productivity of labor, other powerful influence of elements of the external environment and the impact on project results in existing models and methods. As a result, we have a real duration of construction higher than the proposed one. This is especially relevant in conditions where improving the efficiency of capital investments in construction projects requires finding organizational and management tools to increase the level of economic relations in construction, strengthen contractual discipline, and increase the economic responsibility of builders and customers for the final results of construction projects. Implementation of construction projects is associated with high costs. In order to effectively use existing methods of construction planning and production organization in the established economic conditions, to have a positive impact on the acceleration and efficiency of construction, it is necessary to add methods that take into account the existing specific features of the construction industry. The need to create a certain toolkit for solving tasks related to increasing the efficiency of construction projects, minimizing the duration of projects and maximizing profit, taking into account organizational, technological, economic factors and elements of the external environment, determines the relevance of this scientific research.

Indonesia is the largest archipelago country with over than 260 million population. Yet, its archipelagic state makes it hard for the Indonesian government to distribute its income equally, causing severe poverty in certain regions. To overcome this problem, the role of construction industry is very crucial. Many papers say construction industry plays an important role to achieve socio-economic development goals in providing shelter, physical infrastructure, employment, and higher economic growth. Knowing the importance of construction sector, especially in physical infrastructure, President of Indonesia, Joko Widodo, focuses on accelerating infrastructure development. To equally distribute the development between rural and urban areas and shorten the level of inequality, in 2015 Indonesian government made a program in a form of fiscal transfers called Village Fund program. The objective of this paper is to measure the impact of Village Fund program in developing physical infrastructure across provinces in Indonesia. This paper used panel data with Random Effect Model to analyze the marginal effect of Village Fund in construction sector. The finished construction value is used as the dependent variable. As the independent variable, this paper uses the amount of Village Fund given and Gross Domestic Regional Product (GRDP) as the control variable in 33 provinces that participated in Village Fund program during 2015 and 2016. Setting with α = 0.01, the result shows that Village Fund program has a marginal positive effect to finished construction value. Every one percentage point change in Village Fund increases the amount of construction value finished by 0.033%. For the other variable, every 1% increase in GRDP also increase the construction value by 0.41%. We hope this paper could be useful to evaluate the implementation of Village Fund and as a base for making similar policies in the future. Keywords: Village Fund, Construction Value, Infrastructure, GRDP, Random Effect Model

In recent years, the global construction market has been developing rapidly. In particular, China's construction industry is becoming more mature. BIM technology is being widely implemented for the implementation of investment and construction projects (ISPs), the effectiveness of which has also increased in the construction industry in China. BIM technology covers the entire life cycle of an ISP, but, at the same time, rarely includes the processes of managing contracts and costs of construction projects. Consequently, the issues of timeliness of the current contract, medium-term payment and other important aspects were not resolved in the ISP. Thus, many scientists and experts in China and abroad have proposed to study the general construction contract management model based on the BIM model platform to solve the problems of performing general contracts and related contract management issues. This article uses the method of literature review in combination with the analysis and research of construction projects in China through the study of the current state of general contracts and the application of BIM technology in contract management. Warranty conditions for the use of BIM technology are put forward, a model for monitoring the construction period of an object based on BIM technology is established, and a system for exchanging information in contractual relations based on BIM technology and the IPD model is established. All of the above establishes a model for managing an investment construction project based on BIM technology and the IPD model. A basic model of the remuneration mechanism for the implementation of ICP in the IPD model is also proposed. The results of the analysis of the implementation of investment and construction projects and the use of BIM technology show further prospects for its development when implementing ICP in the IPD model.

The article identifies the problems of development of large cities in Russia and foreign countries associated with the shortage of land in the territories of large cities for the implementation of new investment and construction projects. In this connection, modern architects and urban planners face complex challenges associated with the placement of new real estate in the existing urban development on limited land plots. New buildings must meet the requirements of insolation, and the areas adjacent to new and existing buildings must also be provided with the necessary solar radiation. The article analyzes the foreign experience in the implementation of investment and construction projects of buildings of various functional purposes, taking into account the requirements of insolation and sun protection, the analysis of space-planning solutions of buildings, the most interesting from the point of view of insolation design. The description of modern techniques and innovative solutions implemented by foreign architects in the process of designing insolation of buildings is given. Recommendations on the use of software of Russian and foreign manufacturers are given. The attention of Russian architects is focused on the need to simulate insolation at the initial stage of the investment and construction project. The role of the architect in the creation of the architectural concept of the building and its impact on the subsequent stages of development of the investment and construction project.

Early implementation of the sustainable development goals in construction projects: A Danish case study

In the implementation of construction projects, they are often faced with problems, one of which is the occurrence of changes. Changes such as Contract Change Orders have an impact on the implementation of construction projects which will increase or decrease time, costs and quality. This research was conducted on two groups of respondents to determine whether or not there were differences of opinion between contractor respondents and supervisory consultants. The first stage carried out was to identify the factors causing the Contract Change Order from a number of previous research journal articles. The second stage is distributing questionnaires to construction companies registered with the Palangka Raya City LPSE for 2020-2023. The third stage is processing the data using the SPSS computer application to test validity and reliability, before analyzing it using Descriptive Analysis to determine the ranking of dominant factors. Then a Difference Test (Mann-Whitney) was carried out to determine the differences in opinion between the contractor respondent group and the supervisory consultant. The research was conducted in August-November 2023. The results of the literature study show twenty factors that cause Contract Change Orders on construction projects in Palangka Raya City. Descriptive analysis shows that there are three dominant factors, namely (mismatch between drawings and field conditions; addition and subtraction of work items; and addition and reduction of work volume). The Difference Test (Mann-Whitney) shows the calculated Z value < Z table = -0.094 < 1.96. So H0 can be accepted, namely that there is no significant difference in the factors causing Contract Change Orders (CCO) between contractor experts and supervisory consultants

The construction industry in Provinsi Aceh continues to develop alongside efforts by the government and private sector to accelerate post-conflict and natural disaster reconstruction. Automation and robotics are increasingly being applied in modern construction projects to enhance productivity, construction speed, work accuracy, and workplace safety. This study aims to determine the extent of automation and robotics implementation in construction projects in Provinsi Aceh. The reviewed construction projects include building structures, roads, bridges, drainage systems, irrigation, reservoirs, and dams that have been completed by contracting companies in Provinsi Aceh, funded by Anggaran Pendapatan Belanja Aceh (APBA) from 2018 to 2023. This research uses a quantitative approach through questionnaires with snowball sampling technique involving 100 respondents. The sampling was conducted by distributing questionnaires to respondents who are personnel from contracting companies at the top management level (project manager/site manager/site engineer/supervisor). The data were processed using descriptive statistical methods. The results show that the implementation of automation and robotics in construction projects in Provinsi Aceh is frequently observed in automation and robotics factors, while prefabrication factors are occasionally observed. This is evidenced by the mean value of 4.390 for automation factor, 4.030 for robotics factor and 3.375 for prefabrication factor. Overall, contractors in Aceh more frequently implement automation and robotics technology compared to prefabrication in their construction projects.

Aim . The presented study aims to formulate the methodological basis of a market mechanism for ensuring the efficiency of investment and construction projects in the context of negligible transaction costs. Tasks . The authors analyze the effect of the relationship between the subjects of an investment and construction project on its efficiency; examine the major groups of fundamental economic mechanisms for enabling integration cooperation between economic entities; describe the IPD approach as the methodological basis of a market mechanism for ensuring the efficiency of investment and construction projects; define the principles of formation of local and global maximum economic effects of investments at the stage of an investment and construction project; formulate the methodological foundations of an economic IPD partnership, which is viewed as a market mechanism for maximizing the integral effect of an investment and construction project. Methods . This study uses general scientific methods of cognition and the institutional approach, which considers the market, organizational, and government groups as the fundamental economic mechanisms for enabling integration cooperation between economic entities, to develop the economic fundamentals of the IPD approach as a methodological basis of a market mechanism for ensuring the efficiency of investment and construction projects. Results . During the implementation of investment and construction projects, the so-called mutual effects of independent entities arise when changes in the cost and/or duration of one stage of the project affect the quality of the results at another stage. The need to develop mechanisms for ensuring the integral efficiency of investment and construction projects by compensating for efficiency losses at each stage is substantiated. In the case of negligible transaction costs, the best such mechanism would be to establish voluntary agreements between the parties based on a market mechanism. In investment and construction management, IPD contracts serve as the instrument of such agreements. The authors develop a methodological basis for an economic IPD partnership by differentiating the subjects included in the IPD contract in correlation with their costs and results within the investment and construction process and by establishing the conditions for remuneration payments and internalization of "internal" externalities by types of subjects in the IPD project. Conclusions . Economic interaction modeled according to the presented methodology is meant to ensure a cognitive IPD partnership combining the knowledge, competencies, and interests of different subjects, experts and specialists, which in turn serves as one of the mechanisms for maximizing the integral effect of an investment and construction project. Having a common digital information space for the project is a modern prerequisite for a successful IPD partnership based on the presented model of economic interaction between subjects.

Building Information Modelling (BIM) is one of the methods that can be used to enhance project effectiveness. However, its implementation in Indonesia is relatively low. This issue is attributed to various inhibiting factors. This research aims to identify the BIM implementation barriers and the mitigation steps that need to be taken. A survey was conducted using both closed-ended questionnaire and open-ended questionnaire. The intended respondents were stakeholders stakeholders who have understandings of BIM, and have previously applied BIM in construction projects. The analysis of closed-ended questions was performed using the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) method to identify the levels of influence of inhibiting factors on BIM implementation. Meanwhile, open-ended questions were analysed to gather opinions regarding solution approaches to the barriers to BIM implementation. The result of this study indicate that software and hardware costs are the major barrier to implementing BIM in construction projects. Additionally, factors such as lack of knowledge and understanding of BIM, difficulty in changing or transitioning work culture, investment costs and profits uncertainty of BIM, and a lack of awareness of the BIM benefits are other obstacles that need attention. To promote the realization of BIM implementation, steps such as socialization, training and certification, as well as government support in facilitating BIM implementation in construction projects, are expected to be realized.

ABSTRACTBuilding information modelling (BIM) implementation involves various risks, which prevent users from assuring the potential benefits. The objectives of this study are to identify the risks associated with BIM implementation in architectural, engineering and construction projects and model the paths of these risks. To achieve these objectives, 16 risks categorized into 9 groups were identified from a literature review, and a questionnaire survey was conducted with 38 professionals in Australia. The hypothetical risk paths were tested using partial least square-structural equation modelling. Eight risk paths were statistically significant, which further formed nine chains of risk paths. ‘Inadequate relevant knowledge and expertise’ was the primary root risk category, and ‘technological issues’, ‘poor information sharing and collaboration’ and ‘data ownership issues’ were the secondary root risk category. Additionally, the expense associated with BIM implementation can be offset by the cost savings brought by BIM.

This study aims to investigate the emerging trends in the adoption of BIM tools in construction project implementation and the effectiveness of BIM implementation in the Vietnamese construction industry. A total of 159 valid samples were collected from the construction workforce based on their previous participation in or directly implementation construction projects adopting BIM tools. Data were calculated and assessed on the basis of their simple percentage and descriptive statistics (i.e., mean and standard deviation) approaches. The findings indicated that three BIM tools consist of Revit, Autodesk BIM 360, and Sketchup are the most frequently and commonly software in Vietnam construction project implementation. Also, adopting BIM tools can up to save 10% estimating cost suffice the value of the project and a savings of from 30 min up to 2 h in time using BIM tools per day from BIM users’ perspective. In addition, BIM tools have been most popularly adopted in three responsibilities including the design phase, quantity take-off, and project management in the implementation of construction projects in Vietnam.KeywordsBIM toolsAdoptionUsersConstruction projects