Appendix: Small-Arms Ammunition

In September-November 2016, a salvage excavation was conducted on a lot at the intersection of Tel Hai and Herzl Streets in Ramla (Permit No. A-7790; map ref. 188594-643/647998-8051; Fig. 1), prior to construction. The excavation, undertaken on behalf of the Israel Antiquities Authority and financed the Gazit Engineering Company, Ltd., was directed by R. Toueg (field photography), with the assistance of Y. Amrani and E. Bachar (administration), A. Masarwa (preliminary inspections), A. Hajian and M. Kahan (surveying and drafting), A. Dagot (GPS), I. Delerson (plans), Y. Agmon and S. Krispin (metal detection), H. Torgë (ceramics), I. Raznitsky (metallurgical laboratory), R. Kool (numismatics), N. Amitai-Preiss (metallic artifacts) and C. Amit (studio photography).

In March-April 2019, a salvage excavation was undertaken in the Nusseiba compound in the neighborhood of Beit Hanina in Jerusalem (Permit No. A-7907; map ref. 221440-60/637807-28; Fig. 1) prior to the laying of a sewage line. The excavation, on behalf of the Israel Antiquities Authority and funded by the Gihon Water Company, was directed by Z. Adawi, with the assistance of N. Nehama (administration), R. Cohen (preliminary inspection and preparation of the area), D. Levi and A. Wiegmann (GPS), A. Hajian (surveying and drafting), D. Tanami (metal detection), N. Zak (plans), A. Peretz (field photography), R. Bar-Nathan and Y. Rapuano (pottery reading), C. Amit (studio photography), I. Lidsky-Reznikov (pottery drawing), I. Reznitzky (metallurgical laboratory) and D.T. Ariel (numismatics).

During June 2007, a salvage excavation was conduct at Tel 'Ashir, within the precincts of the Wingate Institute (Permit No. A-5156; map ref. 18469/68556), in the wake of exposing ancient remains during preliminary inspection, prior to the construction of a swimming pool. The excavation, undertaken on behalf of the Israel Antiquities Authority and underwritten by Wingate Institute, was directed by D. Barkan, with the assistance of S. Ya'aqov-Jam (administration), T. Meltsen and R. Mishayev (surveying and drafting), A. Dagot (GPS), T. Sagiv (field photography), M. Shuiskaya (field drawings), D. Masarwa (preliminary inspections) and H. Torge (ceramics). Additional assistance was rendered by A. Re'em, A. 'Azab, L. Talmi and representatives of the Wingate Institute.

In November 2016, a salvage excavation was conducted at 62 Ha-Horesh Street in Kefar Shemaryahu (Permit No. A-7831; map ref. 18315/67712; Fig. 1), prior to construction. The excavation, undertaken on behalf of the Israel Antiquities Authority and financed by Ilana Amir, was directed by Y. Agmon, with the assistance of Y. Amrani (administration), M. Kahan and R. Mishayev (surveying and drafting), A. Peretz (field photography), P. Gendelman (pottery consultation), Y. Nagar (physical anthropology), D.T. Ariel (numismatics), N. Zak (plans), M. Shuiskaya (pottery drawing), C. Amit (studio photography), A. Ganor (glass restoration), C. Hersh (glass drawing), Y. Gorin-Rosen (glass) and I. Elad (preliminary inspections), as well as M. Ajami and D. Barkan.

In February 2013, a salvage excavation was conducted at Ha-Qirya in Tel Aviv (Permit No. A-6718; map ref. 180182/664357; Fig. 1) prior to the construction of the Azrieli 2 office tower. The excavation, undertaken on behalf of the Israel Antiquities Authority and financed by the Azrieli Group, was directed by L. Rauchberger (also field photography), with the assistance of Y. Amrani (administration), C. Shiff and D. Golan (preliminary inspections and area preparations), A. Dagot and H. Ben-Ari (GPS), M. Kahan (surveying and drafting), N. Zak (plans), A. Gorzalczany (scientific guidance and studio photography), M. Shuiskaya (pottery drawing) and A. Buchennino (ceramics). Additional assistance was provided by S. Ben-David of the Azrieli Group Ltd., B. Krantz and D. Avigny of the El-Har Engineering and Construction Company, Ltd., as well as M. Ajami, D. Barkan and E. Jakoel of the IAA.

During July and August 2009, a salvage excavation was conducted at the Hilmi Shafi Educational Campus in 'Akko (Permit No. A-5697; map ref. 206789-805/758952-6), prior to the construction of a new classroom building. The excavation, undertaken on behalf of the Israel Antiquities Authority and underwritten by the 'Akko Municipality, was directed by E.J. Stern, with the assistance of Y. Ya'aqobi and Y. Lavan (administration), R. Mishayev and Y. Nemichnitzer (surveying and drafting), A. Shapiro (GPS and marble registration), A. Peretz and H. Smithline (field photography), D. Syon (metal detection, numismatics and inscription reading), E. Amos (documentation of marble finds and photography), D. Stern (field photography and pottery registration), Y. Gorin-Rosen (glass), H. Rosenstein (metal laboratory) and O. Shamir, (textile identification). Additional aid was provided by E. Stern and N. Getzov during fieldwork and by M. Fischer, L. Lazzarini, A. Boas, D. Pringle and O. Niv, following the excavation.

In June 2020, a salvage excavation was conducted in the Har Tuv B Industrial Zone at Bet Shemesh (Permit No. A-8766; map ref. 19899-910/63045; Fig. 1), after antiquities were discovered in trial trenches made prior to construction work. The excavation, undertaken on behalf of the Israel Antiquities Authority and funded by Michael Asha, was directed by M. Hemed (field photography), with the assistance of N. Nehama (administration), S. Halevi (field photography and photogrammetry), A. Rose (drafting), J. Roskin (geology), S. Gendler (metal detection), Y. Weingarten and D. Ben Ayoun (antiquities inspection) and T. Kanias, A. Shadman and Y. Zelinger (consultation). Normal 0 false false false EN-US X-NONE HE /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin-top:0cm; mso-para-margin-right:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:8.0pt; mso-para-margin-left:0cm; line-height:107%; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;}

During July and August 2009, a salvage excavation was conducted at the Hilmi Shafi Educational Campus in 'Akko (Permit No. A-5697; map ref. 206789-805/758952-6), prior to the construction of a new classroom building. The excavation, undertaken on behalf of the Israel Antiquities Authority and underwritten by the 'Akko Municipality, was directed by E.J. Stern, with the assistance of Y. Ya'aqobi and Y. Lavan (administration), R. Mishayev and Y. Nemichnitzer (surveying and drafting), A. Shapiro (GPS and marble registration), A. Peretz and H. Smithline (field photography), D. Syon (metal detection, numismatics and inscription reading), E. Amos (documentation of marble finds and photography), D. Stern (field photography and pottery registration), Y. Gorin-Rosen (glass), H. Rosenstein (metal laboratory) and O. Shamir, (textile identification). Additional aid was provided by E. Stern and N. Getzov during fieldwork and by M. Fischer, L. Lazzarini, A. Boas, D. Pringle and O. Niv, following the excavation.

During March 2012, a salvage excavation was conducted in the Nahalat Yehuda neighborhood of Rishon Le-Ziyyon (Ras Abu Dahud site; Permit No. A-6446 [renewal of Permit No. A-6348]; map ref. 181998-2118/654499-689; Fig. 1). The excavation, undertaken on behalf of the Israel Antiquities Authority and underwritten by the Rishon Le-Ziyyon municipality, was directed by A. Dayan, with the assistance of Y. Arbel and M. Shiff (area supervision), Y. Amrani and E. Bachar (administration), R. Mishayev and M. Kahan (surveying and drafting), A. Dagot (GPS), A. Peretz (field photography), A. Gorzalczany (photography and safety), B. Ajami (safety), F. Volynsky. M. Shiff, D. Golan and Y. Marmelstein (preliminary antiquities inspections), P. Gendelman (ceramics), J. Bukengolts (pottery restoration), M. Shuiskaya (drawing), N. Katsnelson (glass), Y. Kupershmidt (metallurgical laboratory), A. Lester (jewelry), and C. Amit (studio photography).

In December 2014, a salvage excavation was conducted on Mount Zion in Jerusalem (Permit No. A-7279; map ref. 222038-47/631172-80; Fig. 1), prior to the construction of a promenade along the Old City wall. The excavation, undertaken on behalf of the Israel Antiquities Authority and financed by the East Jerusalem Development Company, Ltd., was directed by A. Wiegmann (field photography), with the assistance of N. Nehama (administration), V. Essman and Y. Shmidov (surveying and drafting), D. Tanami (metal detection), N. Rom (inspection), B. Dolinka (ceramics), I. Lidsky-Reznikov (pottery drawing), D.T. Ariel (numismatics) and C. Amit (studio photography).

In November 2019, a salvage excavation was conducted in a shop at 1 Shuq Ha- Z orfim Street in the Old City of Jerusalem (Permit No. A-8616; map ref. 221956–78/631657–89; Fig. 1) prior to development work. The excavation, undertaken on behalf of the Israel Antiquities Authority and funded by Ashraf Salhab, was directed by D. Yeger (field photography), with the assistance of N. Nehama and S. Cohen (administration), V. Essman (surveying), S. Halevi (photogrammetry), O. Zakaim (drafting), K. Arbiv (metal detection), L. Sandberg (numismatics), C. Hersch (pottery drawing), I. Reznitsky (metallurgical laboratory), T. Shadiel (archaeozoology), D. Gazit (studio photography) and IAA Old City district archaeologist N. Sapir, as well as laborers provided by the developer.

In October 2019, a salvage excavation was conducted in the Qiryat Menachem Begin neighborhood of Ramla (Permit No. A-8604; map ref. 18847-54/64912-21; Fig. 1), prior to the construction of a community center. The excavation, on behalf of the Israel Antiquities Authority and funded by Ramla Municipality, was directed by R. Toueg, with the assistance of Y. Amrani and E. Bachar (administration), O. Danziger (preliminary tests), I. Jonish (surveying and field photography), S. Krispin (metal detection), Y. Tepper (scientific guidance), Y. Gomani (plans), H. Torgë (pottery), M. Shuiskaya (pottery drawing), T. Winter (glass), V. Nosikovsky (metallurgical laboratory), R. Kool (numismatics), N. Amitai-Preiss (metallurgy), T. Shadiel (archaeozoology) and A. Peretz (studio photography). Normal 0 false false false EN-US X-NONE HE /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin-top:0cm; mso-para-margin-right:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:8.0pt; mso-para-margin-left:0cm; line-height:107%; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;}

During May-June 2011, a salvage excavation was conducted in 'Zedekiah's Cave' (Permit No. A-6166; map ref. 22198-21/63210-20), prior to construction. The excavation, undertaken on behalf of the Israel Antiquities Authority and underwritten by the East Jerusalem Development Company, was directed by Y. Zelinger, with the assistance of N. Nehana (administration), V. Essman and Y. Shmidov (surveying and drafting), A. Peretz (field photography), S. Al-'Amlah (metal detection), C. Amit (studio photography), H. Rosenstein (metallurgical laboratory) and D.T. Ariel and A. Berman (numismatics).

In July 2014, a salvage excavation was conducted on Or Hayim Street in the Jewish Quarter in the Old City of Jerusalem (Permit No, A-7173; map ref. 221875–82/631386–99), prior to the renovation of an existing building. The excavation, on behalf of the Israel Antiquities Authority and funded by Yeshivat Birkat Tora, was directed by Renee Forestani, with the assistance of N. Nehama (administration), M. Kunin (surveying and drafting), A. Peretz (field photography), D. Tanami (metal detection), R. Kool and D.T. Ariel (numismatics), N. Zak (plans), N. Marom (archaeozoology), I. Lidsky-Reznikov (pottery drawing), L. Kupershmidt (metal laboratory), C. Amit (studio photography), B. Dolinka (pottery), N. Sapir (inspection) and D. Levy (GPS).

In January 2017, a salvage excavation was conducted in an agricultural area in Kibbutz Mishmar David (Permit No. A-7904; map ref. 190636-1064/636874-7023), prior to construction. The excavation, undertaken on behalf of the Israel Antiquities Authority and financed by A.S.T. Projects Planning and Construction, Ltd., was directed by E.G. Zwiebel, with the assistance of Y. Amrani (administration), A. Hajian and M. Kahan (surveying and drafting), A. Peretz (field photography), P. Gendelman (pottery consultation and reading), S. Krispin (metal detection), M. Shuiskaya (drawing of finds), C. Amit (studio photography), I. Raznitsky (metallurgical laboratory), T. Winter (glass) and D.T. Ariel (numismatics).