Application education about object-oriented hybrid symbol system of vector-raster

The theory of traces belongs to both formal language theory and the theory of concurrent systems. In both these disciplines it is a well-recognized and dynamic research area. Within formal language theory it yields the theory of partially commutative monoids, and provides an important connection between languages and graphs. Within the theory of concurrent systems it provides an important formal framework for the analysis and synthesis of concurrent systems. This monograph covers all important research lines of the theory of traces - each chapter of the book is devoted to one research line and is written by leading experts. It is organized in such a way that each chapter can be read independently - and hence is suitable for advanced courses/seminars on formal language theory and the theory of concurrent systems.

Obtaining data from CAD system is the first step for virtual assembly system to verify the rationality of design. A feature-based integrated product model in virtual assembly system is a hierarchical information model and can be presented by polygon layer, B-Rep layer, feature layer and so on. Reconstruction method from CAD to virtual assembly system was proposed for information translation. An integration methodology by using XML-based neural file and triangle polygon model file, translation is completed and information contained in the model is transformed. The solution provides data share very well.

In Three Gorges reservoir area of China, 3D visualization and analysis functions are widely needed in many works of geological hazard survey, inspection, pre-warning and treatment of local landslides and collapses, and decision making for emergency response. However, current 2D or 2.5D GIS system cannot satisfy all these kinds of requirements and a 3D visualization and analysis system of geological hazard is greatly expected. The method that combines aboveground scene with 3D visualization of underground geological bodies based on GIS and 3D modeling technology is applied to integrate multi-source geological hazard data and realize integrative analysis. Based on visualization technology, pseudo-3D geological hazard map is formed to show clearly geomorphic scene and geological environment along the reservoir banks of Yangtze River. The geological true 3D models are used in representing geological body and environment, processing the combined relationship of rock surface and structure surface, revealing feature of geological structures. System test region has 8 new migrational towns and important disaster area. An integrated 3D model will be built up based on ArcGIS, GeoView and Oracle to achieve data and function supports for pre-warning and decision-making system.

Most current virtual maintenance systems are independent of CAD systems and the results in modification, maintainability analysis and evaluation can not be shared by CAD systems automatically and directly, reducing design efficiency and making information silo. The approach integrating virtual reality function into CAD system is adopted to build Product Information Model of Virtual Maintenance Integrated into CAD System (VM-CADPIM) by extending CAD product information model and making it virtual maintenance system a part of CAD system. A virtual maintenance system integrated into CATIA seamlessly is developed based on the VM-CADPIM to implement the bidirectional information transmission between virtual maintenance system and CAD system. The correctness and effectiveness of the information model in eliminating the inherent defects of virtual maintenance system independent of CAD and making virtual maintenance system more practical and significant in engineering applications are shown.

Operation command transformation is one of key technologies of the synchronized collaborative design upon heterogeneous CAD systems and becomes a significant challenge because of the great difference in the modeling operations and underground data structures between different CAD systems. A feasible way is to build a neutral operation to aid the conversion of operations among different CAD systems. A method of constructing neutral modeling command set is proposed based on the general parametric feature modeling technique. The set is built by taking the intersection of operation commands from all commercial CAD systems according to parametric feature modeling operations. In order to accomplish the translation of system modeling command (SMC) between different CAD systems, a representation language of neutral modeling command (NMC) is presented to describe these neutral operation commands. By means of the language the translations of SMC-to-NMC and NMC-to-SMC are presented of operation commands from different CAD systems such as Pro/E, UG, SolidWorks. A prototype of synchronized collaborative design is developed based on two common CAD systems Pro/E and UG with their APIs and VC++. The experiments show that our middleware structure increases greatly the efficiency of the system.

The results of a study on the use of fractal geometry methods in modeling and designing processes and devices of chemical industries are presented. It is shown that promising directions may be related to the modeling of microgeometry of equipment elements, such as, for example, surface roughness, as well as to the modeling of contact devices of mass transfer equipment having the property of self-similarity at all levels of detail. In the first case, the important points are the possibility of setting randomly distributed parameters using fractal mathematics, as well as the possibility of scaling and 3D printing of the obtained samples with subsequent study. In the second case, the possibility of using the same type of mathematical models in the description and mass transfer processes at all levels of detail of mass transfer contact equipment due to the presence of fractal self-similarity is of interest. The paper proposes several mathematical formulas that can be used to form a seed when constructing a fractal. A fractal is formed using a recursive function. It is shown that the software implementation of a fractal solid-state object is possible both from a program external to the CAD system and using a macro language built into the CAD system. The constructed 3D model of the object is printed using a 3D printer made of ABS plastic, thus forming a physical model of the proposed fractal, which is then tested using a small laboratory installation. The proposed algorithm: "The idea of fractal - Programming - A three-dimensional model in a CAD system - A physical model formed on a 3D printer - Research on a laboratory stand" allows you to quickly select the most effective options for fractal models, correcting them and screening out non-functional samples.

Swept volumes are the volumes created by a part moving in space during the process of assembly, disassembly, service, etc. Swept volumes represent important manufacturing, maintainability, and serviceability data. Several graphical and implicit modeling techniques are currently available to create and represent swept volumes as three-dimensional polygonal blobs. In this paper, we present a method for generating swept volumes from trajectory data created in a virtual graphics environment during an assembly/disassembly scenario. The individual instances can be edited in the virtual environment by swept instance removal and modification of position and orientation of instances. Using a synchronous link between the virtual environment and the CAD system, the trajectory information from the virtual environment is used along with the parametric model in the CAD system to create swept volume geometry directly in a parametric CAD system as a feature of the assembly. In addition, using the synchronous link, this swept volume (not just instances along the trajectory) can then be exported back to the original virtual environment and displayed. This method can handle any sweeping trajectory and does not restrict the geometry or the topology requirement of the sweeping object. The swept volumes generated this way are accurate, concise, and can be easily processed by CAD systems.

To evaluate geological hazards in mines effectively and systematically, we proposed an object-oriented model base framework that realizes model management and model reuse. This framework supports model generation, data storage, operation, analysis, prediction and application and includes model building and model management. When building the model, 7 commonly used disaster assessment models are encapsulated as model classes and model instances that are represented as objects. Model management includes evaluation factor management, model addition, modification, deletion and so on. In addition, the framework makes full use of the spatial data processing capabilities of Geographic Information System (GIS) to perform spatial analysis and prediction. We also applied the framework to the serious exploitation area of a mine in the Fangshan District, Beijing. The results showed that the proposed model base has strong operability and practical value and could provide early warnings for the geological hazards of coal mine areas.

The design and installation of solar panels on the roofs of urban buildings often require consideration of the specific spatial conditions that affect their efficiency. The primary purpose of this work is to develop a procedure for designing and optimizing photovoltaic installations using geomatics methods and specific tools of GIS and CAD systems. The roof of the historic building A2, which is a part of the Poznań University of Technology campus, was selected as the tested object. Solar radiation modelling and determination of suitability zones were performed using SEBE (Solar Energy on Building Envelopes) in QGIS. Possible options for the placement of photovoltaic modules on the roof were simulated with CAD technique in the web-based HelioScope software. The results of the simulation show that the current roof area can generate electrical power of 99.9 MWh/year. The proposed methodology is universal for photovoltaic installations on built-up roofs and can be applied to other buildings and, consequently, the results obtained can be used to improve the content of the solar data urban geoportal.

Modern logistics systems are much more than simply networks of material flow. They involve collaboration between firms that are also competitors. The supply chain can be a key consideration in product design, with its design and operations influenced by concerns about uncertain energy costs, sustainability, economic security, and other complex issues. Because of these and other considerations, the contemporary practice in which an analysis model is the first "formal" model of the logistics system is no longer feasible. Rather, what is required for a sustainable practice of simulation in logistics is a model-based approach which begins with a formal language for capturing a defining description of the logistics system itself. This formal language must be sufficiently accessible to the logistics systems stakeholders so that they can validate the resulting system description. The resulting descriptive model will be the basis for subsequent analyses, including simulation. In this context, we address the requirements for such a formal language, describe our initial progress in developing such a language for logistics systems, and place it in the context of prior work on "reference models."

Robotics has been supplemented by the growing body of techniques associated with formal languages. One remaining challenge for bottom-up formal methods is to provide effective abstractions to their top-down counterparts in order to achieve a seamless integration. This paper describes our efforts to tackle this challenge in the domain of spatial behavior. Our general goal is to understand principles involved in the formation of hierarchic representations that can greatly simplify the control and planning tasks. We propose that this hierarchy be built from the bottom-up according to formal language principles, while incorporating principles from dynamical systems theory. The general idea is that relevant interactions between the agent's dynamics, task and environment are manifested as patterns. Compared to other approaches these patterns are not based on abstract, high-level constructs but convey a form of meaning that inherently ties the system's dynamics, environment and task characteristics. Understanding the natural principles underlying hierarchic organization of behavior is a fundamental step toward developing formal languages dealing with dynamical systems. It can be applied to help understand spatial intelligence and eventually help design more versatile and adaptive agents.

This paper describes an automatic system that extracts information from line drawings, in order to feed CAD or GIS systems. The line drawings that we analyze contain interconnected thin lines, dashed lines, text, and symbols. Characters and symbols may overlap with lines. Our approach is based on the properties of the run representation of a binary image that allow giving the image a graph structure. Using this graph structure, several algorithms have been designed to identify, directly in the raster image, straight segments, dashed lines, text, symbols, hatching lines, etc. Straight segments and dashed lines are converted into vectors, with high accuracy and good noise immunity. Characters and symbols are recognized by means of a recognizer, specifically developed for this application, designed to be insensitive to rotation and scaling. Subsequent processing steps include an `intelligent'' search through the graph in order to detect closed polygons, dashed lines, text strings, and other higher-level logical entities, followed by the identification of relationships (adjacency, inclusion, etc.) between them. Relationships are further translated into a formal description of the drawing. The output of the system can be used as input to a Geographic Information System package. The system is currently used by the Italian Land Register Authority to process cadastral maps.

Closure properties of linear context-free tree languages with an application to optimality theory

This chapter might be subtitled “Symbolic Systems,” without which no other system theory is possible. The human species has been variously called homo sapiens, the wise—a bit on the unmerited side; or homo faber, the builder and maker—not sufficiently characteristic since beavers and orioles construct excellent living quarters, and bees, wasps, and termites do well as architects. Considerably more relevant is homo symbolens,1 the human as a symbolizing animal, for in this we have no peers on earth. The more pathological side is then homo diabolicus, a possible psycho-subspecies of diabolizing ones, and we shall say more of that presently.

Abstract. As evidenced by the EU Floods Directive (2007/60/EC), flood management strategies in Europe have undergone a shift in focus in recent years. The goal of flood prevention using structural measures has been replaced by an emphasis on the management of flood risks using non-structural measures. One implication of this is that public authorities alone not only take responsibility for flood management. A broader range of stakeholders, who may personally experience the negative effects of flooding, also take on responsibility for protecting themselves. Therefore, it is vital that information concerning flood risks is conveyed to those who may be affected in order to facilitate the self-protection of citizens. Experience shows that problems persist even where efforts have been made to communicate flood risks. There is a need for the development of new tools that are able to rapidly disseminate flood-risk information to the general public. To be useful these tools must be able to present information relevant to the location of the user. Moreover, the content and design of the tool need to be adjusted to laypeople's needs. Dissemination and communication influence both people's access to and understanding of natural risk information. Such a tool could be a useful aid to effective management of flood risks. To address this gap, a web-based geographical information system (WebGIS) has been developed through the collaborative efforts of a group of scientists, hazard and risk analysts and managers, GIS analysts, system developers and communication designers. This tool, called "READY: Risk, Extreme Events, Adaptation, Defend Yourself", aims to enhance the general public knowledge of flood risk, making citizens more capable of responding appropriately during a flood event. The READY WebGIS has allowed for the visualization and easy querying of a complex hazard and risk database thanks to a high degree of interactivity and easily read maps. In this way, READY has enabled fast exploration of alternative flood scenarios or past calamitous events. Combined also with a system of graphic symbols designed ad hoc for communication of self-protection behaviours, it is believed READY could lead to an increase in citizen participation, informed discussion and consensus building. The platform has been developed for a site-specific application: the Basilicata region, Italy, has been selected as pilot application area. The goal of the prototype is to raise citizen awareness of flood risks and to build social capacity and enhanced resilience to flood events.