Application of Chaos theory in creative graphic design

The article discusses the application of the theory of dynamic chaos to the study of social phenomena. Appeal to the origins of the creation of the theory of dynamic chaos in natural science (A. Poincaré, I. Prigogine, E. Lorenz, and others) revealed nonlinear dynamic systems in the natural environment (turbulent flows, atmosphere, biological populations, etc.). The category of “chaos” is now firmly established in the arsenal of the social sciences and humanities, although only recently it referred exclusively to natural science knowledge (the theory of chaos in mathematics, physics, biology, etc.). In synergetics, for the first time, the description of self-organization processes as a mutual transition of order and chaos was proposed by I.R. Prigogine.But in the social sciences such systems are society, its economic, political and other spheres, which have the properties of non-closure, instability and non-linear development. In Ukrainian philosophical thought, one of the first works in which the problem of the development of nonlinear self-developing systems was highlighted was the work of I.S. Dobronravova (1991). Scientific monograph I.V. Yershova-Babenko (1992) also had a significant impact on the development of studies of complex non-linear systems, since for the first time the system of the human psyche was considered as a non-linear self-organized system. The psycho-synergetic model of social reality is based on the fact that social reality is a psychomeric environment, i.e. a complex nonlinear system consisting of other complex nonlinear integrity, which are determined by phase transitions between different states of chaos and order. The application of chaos theory is also possible at the micro and macro levels of social research, which is presented by Ukrainian researchers in synergetics (I. S. Dobronravova, L. Finkel) and in psychosynergetics (I.V. Yershova-Babenko), L. Bevzenko and others.

Chaos and Clinical Theory Douglas W. Heinrichs (bio) In considering the specific issues raised by these three very thoughtful commentaries, it is helpful to reflect on the status of a theory or model for a specifically clinical discipline—what is it trying to accomplish and how might it proceed to do so? Kellert (2005) sees my proposal in terms of "borrowed knowledge"—the metaphorical application of a theory established in one field of inquiry to another field—and views my application of chaos theory as a "nonliteral use of knowledge from the natural sciences" (p. 239). He likens it to attempts to explore consequences of relativity theory or quantum mechanics for areas other than those for which they were developed. He notes the rhetorical functions—including appeal to the disciplinary prestige of natural science—of such metaphorical borrowings. Although clearly there are significant metaphorical aspects at work here, there are at least two factors that distinguish this model from, say, the metaphorical application of quantum mechanics to a field other than subatomic physics. First, quantum mechanics purports to say something specific about the behavior of the subatomic world. Its development is wed to that specific content area. On the other hand, nonlinear dynamics, including chaos theory, is a formal mathematical model intending to characterize the behavior of any system of elements that possess certain formal relational properties. It does not start out as field or discipline specific. In fact it is not uniquely tied to the natural sciences at all, beyond the fact that it may be easier to obtain the sort of detailed repeated measures needed to demonstrate chaotic behavior in physical systems. So it is not just a question of whether chaos theory is a useful intuitive device for thinking freshly about clinical psychiatry. Rather, it is the quite literal and nonmetaphorical question as to whether some of the observable aspects of persons that are relevant to their psychiatric care behave chaotically, and if so what are the implications. Now it is quite true that direct, mathematically rigorous demonstrations of chaos in clinically relevant data sets is currently limited. In fact, one hoped for consequence of presenting this model is to encourage just such studies, and I suggest several promising directions for doing so. However, there are good reasons for thinking the presence of such chaotic behavior to be likely, and this relates to the notion of a clinical theory. One of the consequences of what Globus (2005) calls "triumphalist biological psychiatry" (p. 229) is the frequent assumption that the model or paradigm of psychiatry—an applied clinical practice, a techne—is synonymous with the paradigm of neuroscience—a basic science or episteme. This is clearly not so for many reasons, including the fact that the former has to incorporate the comprehensive treatment of discrete individuals in a way that the latter does not. Yet the respective theories are related more than metaphorically. [End Page 243] The paradigms of neuroscience and those of other relevant basic sciences, such as psychology, substantially inform the clinical paradigm and the clinical model must be at least compatible with those of the relevant basic sciences. Thus, it is reasonable to assume that if chaotic processes are demonstrable in the nervous system, for which significant evidence already exists, there is good reason to expect them to be reflected in clinically relevant domains. The clinical paradigm should make room for it and its consequences, rather than thinking within an outmoded neuroscience model that makes no room for the implications of nonlinear dynamics. And when this generates a picture more compatible than the old model with our usual sense of what it is to be human, the odds that we are on to something is further enhanced. Of course until such time that enough clinical research based on this model is completed, considerable speculation—indeed aided by metaphorical devices—is involved in generating a concrete sense of how the model would be applied to specific clinical problems, such as the treatment of depressed persons. One clear task of the clinical paradigm is the methodologic integration of interventions growing out of different informing basic sciences. Because chaotic modeling can be applied across various content domains and...

Background: From a mathematical perspective, dynamics can be thought of as linear or non-linear. Linear equations work quite well for a number of problems in the physical sciences. For instance, they are very useful if one wants to predict the orbit of the planets or understand the effects of wind resistance and gravity on the trajectory of a missile. To explore systemic change, non-linear dynamics uses non-linear equations. Non-linear equations are not additive; therefore, they are often difficult to solve. Non-linear systems tend to settle down over time. This settling down, or convergence, tends to result in one of four typical patterns. These patterns, when graphed in diagrams that show periodic changes in behaviour, are called attractors. The trajectories of these attractors typically converge on a discrete point, a simple oscillating cycle, a quasiperiodic cycle, or chaotic cycle. A practical translation of this is the fractal, an object consisting of a pattern that when magnified, reveals repetitive levels of detail so that a similar structure exists on all scales. This property is known as self-similarity. Aims: To examine a novel view-point by examining the possible applications of chaos theory in the study of mental health. Method: For this paper, we studied the available research correlating chaos theory and mental health, especially schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Results and Discussion: The papers we reviewed show dynamic and chaotic models for both schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Examples have been found of chaotic responses to initial stimuli in schizophrenia where overstimulation or sensory overload may be paradoxically associated with negative symptoms, fixity, or even catatonia. Meanwhile, regarding bipolar disorder, the attractor hypothesis has been analysed. It is thought that healthy persons have a single strange attractor regarding their mood shifts, while in patients suffering from bipolar disorder, this attractor is destroyed and replaced by two attractors with chaotic transients between them. The second pillar of chaos theory has also been analysed regarding mental health by using fractal analysis to more accurately determine MRI changes in mental patients. Conclusion: This analysis is still in the opening phases and more research is needed to further cement chaos theory as a valid approach in psychiatry, especially since initial results seem promising.

This chapter is devoted to the theoretical and practical aspects of the application of chaos theory. The objects of research are multidimensional nonlinear information systems. Methods for studying the behavior of multidimensional nonlinear information systems operating within the framework of the Open System are presented. It should be noted that the physics of open systems develops a unified approach to the description of a wide variety of non-linear phenomena. Using the achievements of such scientific fields as chaos theory, thermodynamics, visual thinking and artificial intelligence, it is possible to discover hidden patterns and additional knowledge when studying such complex systems. In studies of the dynamics of complex systems, various characteristic indicators are used. To study the development processes of a dynamic system in time, Poincare return times, Lyapunov exponents, Tsallis entropy, fractal dimensions of the system, stability parameters, etc. are used. In the final part of the chapter, all these informative characteristic indicators of the system under study are proposed to be used for the input layer of the Recurrent Neural Network of the Deep Learning Artificial Intelligence algorithm. The issues of visualization of measurement results and information processing using the "Visual Thinking" technology are considered. In the examples given, due attention is paid to the issues of modern visualization, which is the basis for the implementation of the "Visual Thinking" technology in research activities. The analysis of visual information characterizing the dynamics of the parameters of the system under study will increase the speed of assessing its behavior, as well as the validity of the decisions made on its control.

The article considers chaos theory as a scientific concept that was developed to explain nonlinear dynamics in objects of a complex nature and to solve applied problems in engineering, meteorology, economics, construction, etc. Application of chaos theory in sociology provides for good outcomes in big social systems. In the context of social management, it opens the discourse of models that overcome “the curse of complexity”. It explains the social transformations processes that include the critical complexity. The research reveals that in modern Russia the pseudoscientific concept of “managed chaos” is developed and is being used to wage the hybrid war. Russians are erroneously attribute to the USA strategists and in fact legitimizes subversive activities against countries where the Russian Federation conducts or plans to start military operations. V. Putin is well informed about the “managed chaos” tactics; content-analysis of his public narratives detected at least 50 mentions of the term “chaos” in the following contexts: 1) as a as a difficult legacy of the 90's, which he skillfully overcame; 2) to characterize different countries and regions of the world, where the culprits of chaos are allegedly created the the USA; 3) conceptualization of chaos as a global phenomenon and a weapon of hybrid warfare. The analysis of Russian sources shows that the “managed chaos” tactic is understood as a politics of deep invasion in the internal affairs of the sovereign states, subversive operations, economic and diplomatic pressure, interference in the electoral process, political corruption, information interventions, the formation of the fifth column and any kinds of destructive measures. From the experience of the 2014 events of the so-called "Russian Spring" in Ukraine, operations of "managed chaos" unfolded in three directions: 1) chaos of the mass consciousness, 2) obstruction of state institutions, 3) organization of street protests and riots. The conclusion is formulated that the chaos of large systems is a necessary and specific element of social dynamics and social changes; as for the nature of the transformation, it depends on the choice of the model of the system's existence in the near future.

The article is based on the basic theories of computer graphic image design and visual communication design, combined with the historical background, tasks, creative rules, educational methods, involved fields and thinking styles of computer visual communication design. Combining the needs of visual communication graphic design, the paper designs a graphic design visual aesthetics computer-aided analysis system based on design geometry, which realizes the import of graphic design works, the interactive segmentation and acquisition of design elements, and the analysis and judgment of the relationship between proportion and composition. And other basic functions. The system can be used to judge the visual aesthetics of design works and can also provide design support related to geometric aesthetic principles to users engaged in graphic design.

Introduction: Pain and/or swelling after instrumentation of a root canal constitute a significant complication during endodontic treatment. Despite a large number of articles discussing the causative factors behind endodontic flare-ups, the exact mechanism is still not understood. The Hypothesis: The seemingly irrational behavior of endodontic inter-appointment flare-ups may be due to sensitive dependence on initial conditions. A model based on Lorenz' chaos theory is presented as a possible explanation for the sudden emergence and unpredictability of flare-ups. Evaluation of the Hypothesis: All studies agree on some common traits regarding inter-appointment flare-ups: Careful instrumentation can still cause flare-up; the host inflammatory response behaves as a complex nonlinear network; and also the poly-etiologic nature of this phenomenon all illustrate the sensitive dependence on initial conditions of the system. Integrating more variables (e.g., different species of bacteria) into this already complex system will make it increasingly chaotic reflecting its unpredictable behavior.

The advisability of the research of the problem of development creative thinking in the context of readiness to diploma projecting is grounded in the article. In the course of the research the author has revealed that the education system requires improving of training a qualified specialist. The system expects professional and creative expression from university professors. Consequently it is necessary to apply innovative approaches to study and education of youth and provide a new level of quality of training of future specialists. Therefore, the diploma projecting is an important means of activating the learning process at the final stage of studying at high school. The knowledge of all fundamental and professional disciplines is integrated. Moreover the development of scientific creativity in school is necessary. Training of specialists needs a constant updating of professional education according to technological progress. An actual task of high school is to deepen theoretical knowledge by students. Also an important role needs to devote to exploratory creative methods. One of the main factors of growth of a professional creative person is solutions to creative problem. Thus, there is a necessity to search new methods of creative thinking. Training should include some methods of creative thinking. It contains exercises of creativity. The objective of the methodology is to learn how to use the mental potential for work on projects. The tasks of the new techniques of creative thinking are as follows: analysis and innovative solutions of problems by students; making mini-presentations; using active methods for creative search like brainstorming, a bionic method, a heuristic method, Walt Disney method and other. The study has concluded that the new method of creative thinking is a necessary tool and should act as a dominant vector in the creative thinking in training to diploma projecting.

Visual Explanations: Images and Quantities, Evidence and Narrative. Edward R. Tufte. Cheshire, CT: Graphics Press, 1997. Specialists in esoteric fields can become cult figures in their own time. Carl Sagan in astronomy and Stephen Hawking in physics have achieved that status. A third cult figure has emerged: Edward R. Tufte, in the field of information design. The author of works on subjects as varied as graphic design, statistics, and political economy, Tufte is building his own legend. Through his books and public lectures, he serves as historian and theoretician of graphic and information design, advocate of the pairing of illustrations and words, and teacher of audiences as diverse as technical writers, illustrators, and statisticians. In the early 1980s Tufte founded a publishing company to produce his books on information design, thereby gaining control of their appearance and distribution. One result of his founding the company is that the books do not go out of print. Another is that he controls their distribution and physical appearance. His books look as their author wishes them to lookfull of gorgeous color illustrations and what I call adult learning toys: three-dimensional pop-ups and lift-up flaps that conceal intriguing or astonishing information. The books assemble illustrations and text from many centuries and cultures and from authorities in numerous fields: statistics, music, medicine, painting, engraving, cartography, graphics, computer display design, and business correspondence. Tufte's Visual Explanations (1997) forms a triptych with The Visual Display of Quantitative Information (1983) and the multiple-award winning Envisioning Information (1990). The design principles he explores in these books are applicable to images delivered in print as well as electronically. The books should be required reading for those interested in ways that data can be used to both inform us and lie to us. Tufte's work has already been embraced by statisticians, technical writers, graphics designers, designers of computer displays of all kinds, including Web pages, architects, scientists, engineers, and aficionados of art history. The text of Visual Explanations touches on graphics history, iconography, and design theory. The purpose of the text is to explain the persuasive and storytelling power of the creative elements available to information designers: images, words, dimension, duration, and motion. The illustrations in Visual Explanations support the text's purpose, and do it in an engaging way. Illustrations consume approximately half of the generously sized pages. That is Tufte's preference and his chief message throughout the three books: welldesigned graphics can convey in a single image what may take numerous pages to report in words. The graphics also demonstrate Tufte's lesson that an illustration can convey instantly information difficult for the mind to grasp if presented as prose. In Visual Explanations, Tufte reinforces a principle he announced in his first book, The Visual Display of Quantitative Information (168): if you have a lot of data to report, use graphics, perhaps with verbal labels. If you have little data to report, use words. He also iterates in new contexts several ideas and terms he presented in the earlier books: the concept of the flatland of the page and the computer screen (Visual Explanations 141, Envisioning Information 12-35), the notion of chart junk (Visual Explanations 48, The Visual Display of Quantitative Information 107-121, Envisioning Information 34) that clutters many illustrations and detracts from the clarity of their messages, the idea of using color as a quantifier as well as a decorative element (Visual Explanations 76-77, Envisioning Information 91), and the value of repeated elements he calls small multiples (Visual Explanations 104-109, The Visual Display of Quantitative Information 170-175, Envisioning Information 67-79). …

The response of an OEM to supply chain disruptions: application of Chaos Theory

This research paper delves into the application of chaos theory in finance, specifically focusing on the Fractal Market Hypothesis (FMH), within the evolving landscape of finance. It delves into the interconnectedness between seemingly unrelated events, referred as the butterfly effect, and how such interplays have significant repercussions on financial markets. Additionally, the research encompasses a case study of the 2008 financial crisis and the emergence of cryptocurrencies and their contemporary relevance within the framework of chaos theory and fractals. The study also includes the usage of fractal indicator along with a comparative analysis of the Efficient Market Hypothesis (EMH) and Fractal Market Hypothesis (FMH), shedding light on their respective strengths and limitations.

In the new economy, some tech companies have rapidly built market power and modernization led to the unpredictable bank-to-client relationship. Moreover, financial markets are confronted with big data and as a result, digitization and further introduction of mathematical techniques and new models were brought into the financial industry. Uncertainty has increased markedly in the macroeconomic risk, payment systems, capital accumulation and investment. But so far, timid attempts are made to elucidate the possibilities of the chaos theory application in finance. To verify a theoretical model whether or not is an accurate representation of an empirically observed phenomenon is one of the most challenging investigations in the scientific field. The following study explores the problem related to incomplete randomized financial analysis. The behavior of financial market relates to the circumstances that are both internal and external. Chaos mathematics is an acute methodology to be applied in the analysis of the randomness in financial markets instead of completely randomized design. The completely randomized design places the emphasis on which the factor effects are constant and assumes the observation from experiments to be statistically independent. However, this hypothesis is often not realistic and practical. The correlated impact should not be ignored. This article attempts to clarify some points related to the possibility of using chaos theory in finance.

Over the past decade, there has been tremendous interest in studying the behavior of chaotic systems. They are characterized by sensitive dependence on initial conditions, similarity to random behavior, and continuous broad-band power spectrum. Chaos has potential applications in several functional blocks of a digital communication system: compression, encryption and modulation. The possibility for self-synchronization of chaotic oscillations has sparked an avalanche of works on application of chaos in cryptography. In this paper, chaos-based cryptography is discussed from a point of view which the author believes is closer to the spirit of both cryptography and chaos theory than the way the subject has been treated recently by many researchers.

Various exquisite graphic designs that can be seen everywhere beautify people’s vision and influence people’s visual aesthetics subtly. This paper starts with the visual aesthetic elements of graphic design and discusses the construction of visual aesthetic element systems in graphic design by analyzing the composition elements and aesthetic characteristics. Secondly, it proposes to use the biological visual perceptual machine model to process information through two visual pathways in a hierarchical manner. The features of graphic design images are expressed, stored, and extracted using the visual information model. Finally, the effectiveness of the bio-visual perceptual model applied to the construction of visual aesthetic elements of graphic design is verified by the Caltech5 database, Caltech256 database, and Scene15 database. The results show that the classification accuracy of the bio-visual perceptron model is 94.28%, 91.36%, and 99.75% in Caltech5, Caltech256, and Scene15 databases, respectively, which is 23.12% higher than the accuracy of other neural network models on average. The bio-visual perceptron model proposed in this paper can accurately detect the elemental features in complex graphic design, which provides a new idea and method for rapid detection and recognition for graphic design workers.

In order to investigate the situation and explore the cultivation of creative thinking ability of postgraduates, questionnaire survey was carried out among 517 medical postgraduates in Shandong Province and the results were analyzed by SPSS 11.5 statistics software. The results showed that medical postgraduates were lack of creative thinking ability in common and there were differences among them in creative consciousness, creative thinking method and so on. Thus, school and tutors should culture postgraduates according to their characteristics so as to improve their creative thinking ability. Key words: Medical postgraduates; Creative thinking ability; creative thinking method; Investigation