Applied Nonlinear Analysis for Efficient Communication Signal Processing and Network Management

A generic architecture for management and control of end-to-end quality of service over multiple domains

The dynamic nature of communication paradigms demands uninterrupted connectivity in order to achieve maximum functionality. It will take creative thinking to achieve this smoothness. It becomes clear that nonlinear analysis is a revolutionary methodology that provides original insights and solutions. In order to attain seamless connectedness, this study investigates how nonlinear analysis might be applied to revolutionise communication paradigms. A strong foundation for comprehending and improving communication systems is provided by nonlinear analysis, which has its roots in the study of complex systems. This paper delves into the fundamental concepts of nonlinear analysis and elucidates how they may be applied to the complicated dynamics of modern communication. Nonlinear analysis, which includes information theory, signal processing, and chaos theory, introduces a new paradigm in communication technology. Network congestion, signal distortion, and security holes are just a few of the issues plaguing today's communication infrastructure that cause disruptions in service. Nonlinear analysis is a useful technique for overcoming and reducing these challenges. The efficiency, dependability, and security of communication networks can all be improved by implementing nonlinear system dynamics. In this study, nonlinear analysis is applied to real-world problems in network security, wireless communication, and the Internet of Things (IoT) through several detailed case studies. Using these real-world examples, we can see how nonlinear methods can successfully alter established modes of communication and demonstrate their value. The implications of nonlinear analysis for future communication paradigms are far-reaching and extend beyond the capabilities of current technology. This essay delves into the future of communication technology, shedding light on emerging trends that may have profound impacts in the years ahead. It also examines the benefits and difficulties that come with employing nonlinear analysis to establish seamless communication. Nonlinear analysis is a potent instrument with potential applications in shifting communication paradigms, facilitating seamless connectivity, and paving the way for the creation of novel forms of communication technology. The study emphasises the significance of nonlinear techniques in addressing the challenges of modern communication systems and guiding them towards a more connected and successful future.

Current and planned solutions used in the ICT infrastructure are largely based on Photonic and RF Communications Systems. Rapid advances in photonic and RF photonic technologies have significantly accelerated the introduction of these new technologies in access storage, backbone and grid networks, defining and building the rules to ensure transfer of multi Tera-bit volumes of data. The purpose of this volume is to provide a vehicle for directing research in this area from multiple lenses in the selected areas of investigation. Following an introduction by the editors, reviews of research will be clustered into two sections. The first part of this Special Issue focuses on the Photonic and RF Communications systems technologies and this Section comprises 7 articles. Recent solutions in wideband and multi-band RF circuits are presented in the articles 7 through 9 in the second part of the Special Issue. The first article, by Arash Bahrami , et al., present an experimental evaluation of a radio-over-fiber system. In the paper, the authors proposed an optical microwave radio-over-fiber system in which an integrated dual-parallel Mach-Zehnder modulator is biased at the maximum transmission biasing point. The authors consider the two following modulation schemes: binary phase shift keying (BSK) and quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK) over fiber spans of 10 and 25 km of standard single mode fiber. The obtained results show that the second order sideband of optical microwave has the potential to provide error-free transmission for BPSK and QPSK. John S. Vardakas , et al. in the next article, analyse the delay of converged Wavelength Division Multiplexing Ethernet Passive Optical Network and WiMax networks. In such access networks, the provision of Quality of Service (QoS) support is a challenging issue, mainly due to the different bandwidth allocation mechanisms of the two access technologies. In the paper, the authors analyse the delay performance by considering multiple service-classes with different priorities. The proposed analytical model allows the calculation of the average end-to-end packet delay of each service-class as the sum of the queuing delay in both domains. The accuracy of the analysis was verified by simulation. Ioannis Mamounakis , et al., propose a novel traffic prediction method to minimize packet delay in Ethernet Passive Optical Networks. The authors utilise traffic information to predict the accumulated burst size of each respective optical network unit in the following cycle. The paper demonstrates and proves that a significant delay enhancement can be accomplished by reporting the predicted burst size, rather than the current one, to the Optical Line Terminal (OLT). The simulation experiments carried out by the authors show that a significant decrease in the delay can be obtained without any changes to the dynamic bandwidth assignment scheme at the OLT. The paper by Mariusz Głąbowski , et al. proposes an analytical model of a multi-service switching network with overflow links with finite capacity in the first stage of the network. This model can be used to evaluate the QoS parameters which are closely interrelated with the method of operation of the large capacity optical nodes. The proposed method allows their traffic capacity to be increased through a significant decrease in the phenomenon of internal blocking in switching networks which is the basic element of the node. The proposed calculation method is validated by the authors via simulation. Aboagela Dogman , et al. present an integrated QoS management process for multimedia traffic in wire and wireless networks. In the proposed process, the statistics of traffic are determined and then used as an input to a fuzzy interface system (FIZ). FIZ allows the traffic to be accurately sampled and this traffic is in the next step pre-processed using a fuzzy c-means (FCM). FIZ identifies clusters representing poor, average and good QoS. This information is then used in a multilayer perceptron neural network to assess the overall QoS for multimedia traffic. The authors showed that the developed adaptive statistical sampling represents traffic more correctly than systematic, stratified and random non-adaptive sampling methods. The article by Adam Kaliszan , et al. provides a generalised convolution algorithm for modelling state-dependent systems. This model corresponds to the system that uses one or many physical resources, e.g. one or a set of lambda channels in DWDM optical networks. The proposed calculation method can be used for the analysis and dimensioning of optical networks and systems. This method is also useful for an optical system in which advanced traffic management mechanism have been applied, e.g. bandwidth reservation or threshold mechanism. The accuracy of the proposed model is validated by simulation experiments. From their onset RF Communications Systems have been critical to the development of ICT infrastructure. In mobile and satellite communication systems, wideband and multi-band RF circuits are important for achieving high-date wireless transmission and supporting a large number of standards (e.g. UMTS, WiFi, WiMAX, or LTE). A wideband or multi-band RF circuit can replace a number of single-band RF circuits, leading to a significant reduction of size, weight and cost of modern wireless systems. There have been a great number of recent developments in the above areas over the past years. The articles that outline these solutions are in the latter part of this Special Issue, i.e. comprise articles from Article 7 through Article 9. The article by Bingo Wing-Kuen Ling , et al. discusses the frequency spectrum of a pulse for ultra wideband impulse radio systems as the frequency response of a real valued causal rational infinite impulse response filter. The pulse design problem is formulated as a functional inequality constrained optimization problem that can be solved by the method proposed by the authors. This pulse can be generated via an excitation of a simple circuit. Numerical simulation results confirm that the energy compaction performance defined in the frequency domain of the proposed pulse outperforms that of existing pulses. It is worth emphasizing that the pulse can be generated via an excitation of a simple circuit. In their article, Xue Li and , et al. present the WiFi leakage problem that appears in the users' equipment that simultaneously use both LTE and WiFi technologies. The authors propose WiFi leakage detection algorithms for successful detection of the weak WiFi leakage in the presence of both LTE signal and Gaussian noise. The algorithms include energy ratio detection, entropy ratio detection and cyclostationary detection based on spectral correlation function. The effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed WiFi leakage detection techniques have been confirmed by simulations performed for different scenarios. The article by Piotr Remlein discusses the performance of Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) that consists of satellite mesh networks. In the paper the author analyses a new power-limited and energy-efficient systems employing coded continuous phase modulation signals and with multiuser Frequency Division Multiplexed transmission. The results obtained by the author show that good performance of the proposed solution can be achieved by reducing the inter-carrier frequency spacing and using simple iterative ICI cancellation algorithm at the receiver. Based on the results, it can be concluded that this system might constitute a desirable option in ITS satellite mesh, ad-hoc networks. The objective of this Special Issue is to bring together the state-of-the-art research contributions that address challenges in emerging devices and architecture for photonic systems and RF circuits for wideband and multi-band communications systems. Due to the complexity and scope of the subject area, the set of articles presented attempts to address only some selected relevant issues. The Guest Editors believe though that the contributions included in the Special Issue will inspire the research activities of leading authors and scholars worldwide. The Guest Editors also expect this Special Issue to provide insight into the questions that they address as the presented articles expose important contributions to each of the relevant subject areas. Piotr Zwierzykowski received MSc and PhD (Hons) degrees in telecommunications from Poznan University of Technology, Poland, in 1995 and 2002, respectively. Since 1995 he has been working at the Poznan University of Technology, where he is currently an Assistant Professor. Piotr Zwierzykowski is the author, or co-author, of over 200 journals and conference publications and three books in the area of computer and communication networks. His research covers modelling and dimensioning of optical networks, teletraffic engineering and routing. He is a Senior Member of IEEE and the Secretary in the IEICE Europe Section. Steven Gao received a PhD degree from Shanghai University, P.R. China. He is a Professor and Chair in RF and Microwave Engineering at University of Kent, UK. His research covers smart antennas, satellite antennas, phased arrays, RF and microwave circuits (power amplifiers), satellite communications, UWB radars, synthetic-aperture radars and mobile communications. From 2007 to 2012, he was a Senior Lecturer and Head of Space Antennas and Microwave System Group at Surrey Space Centre, University of Surrey, UK. He has two books including “Space Antenna Handbook” (Wiley, 2012) and “Circularly Polarized Antennas” (IEEE-Wiley, 2014), published over 200 papers and holds several patents in smart antennas and RF. He is an IEEE AP-S Distinguished Lecturer and a Chair of LAPC 2013. He is an Invited Speaker at IWAT'2014 (Sydney), SOMIRES'2013 (Japan), APCAP'2014 (China), etc. He is an Associate Editor of Radio Science and the Editor-in-Chief for Wiley Book Series on "Microwave and Wireless Technologies". He is a Fellow of the IET. Wai Pang Ng received his BEng (Hons) Communication and Electronic Engineering and IEE Prize from Northumbria University, UK and PhD in Electronic Engineering from University of Wales Swansea, UK in 1997 and 2001, respectively. He is a Reader of Optical Communications at Northumbria University. From 2001 to 2004, he was a Senior Networking Software Engineer at Intel Corporation, before starting his academic career at Northumbria University. He has published over 80 journals and conference publications in the area of optical switching, optical signal processing and radio-over-fiber. He is a Chartered Engineer of the Engineering Council UK and a Senior Member of the IEEE. Currently he serves as the Chair of the IEEE UK&RI Communication Chapter. He was also the Co-Chair of the Signal Processing for Communications Symposium in IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC) 2009 (Dresden, Germany) and now serves as the Publicity Chair of ICC 2015 in London. Zuqing Zhu received a PhD degree from the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, Davis, in 2007. From July 2007 to January 2011, he worked in the Service Provider Technology Group of Cisco Systems, San Jose, as a senior R&D engineer. In January 2011, he joined the University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), where he is currently an Associate Professor. He has published more than 100 papers in peer-reviewed journals and conferences. He has been in the technical program committees (TPC) of INFOCOM, ICC, GLOBECOM, ICCCN and etc. He is also an editorial board member of Elsevier Journal of Optical Switching and Networking, Springer Telecommunication Systems Journal, Springer Photonic Network Communications Journal and Wiley European Transactions on Emerging Telecommunications Technologies amongst others. He has received the Best Paper Awards from the IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC) 2013, the IEEE Global Communications Conference (GLOBECOM) 2013, and the IEEE International Conference on Networking and Communications (ICNC) 2014. He is a Senior Member of IEEE and OSA.

Synchronization capability of two identical chaotic systems can be used for constructing the secure communication systems where the chaotic signal is used as the information carrier. In this paper, a secure communication system is designed by using the bi-directionally synchronized identical Chua’s circuits in LC parallel coupling. LC parallel circuit is used as the new coupling element instead of using a single resistor or capacitor or inductor as the coupling element. This makes the complete synchronization of Chua’s circuits possible for many different sets of coupling inductance and capacitance values so that the flexibility of constructing the secure communication systems is realized. Both the synchronized Chua’s circuits in LC parallel coupling and the corresponding secure communication system are constructed by using the LTspice software. The simulation results show that the secure communication system proposed in the present paper is very efficient for the message transmission for different pairs of coupling inductance and coupling capacitance values where the complete synchronization of Chua’s circuits is observed occur. The two essential properties of an ideal secure communication system - perfect message masking and recovery are observed when compared to other secure communication systems already proposed and constructed previously. So, the simulation results of the present study can be used for practically constructing the efficient communication systems in future.

In this paper, we investigate the physical layer security of multiuser multi-input single-output (MU-MISO) communication and colocated multi-input multi-output (MIMO) radar coexistence systems, in which the strong radar signals are exploited as inherent jamming signals to disrupt mali-cious receptions. The transmit beamformers of communication and radar systems are jointly designed to ensure the secure transmission by minimizing the maximum eavesdropping signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) on multiple legitimate users, while satisfying the quality-of-service (QoS) of legitimate transmission, the requirement of radar target detection, and the transmit power constraints of radar and communication systems. An efficient fractional programming (FP) and semi-definite relaxation (SDR) based algorithm is proposed to solve the non-convex optimization problem. Simulation results verify the advancement of the proposed joint transmit beamforming on secure transmission for radar and communication coexistence systems and the effectiveness of the associate design algorithm.

In Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT), Clustering facilitates the proves of organizing similar types of devices or data points into different clusters for the objective of enhancing resource utilization, network management and data processing. This clustering in IIoT helps in addressing the challenges that are associated with the process of handling network complexity, satisfying requirements of real-time processing and dealing with massive data volumes. In specific, swarm intelligent optimization algorithms are used for selecting optimal CHs and determining reliable route through the network such that the parameters of data aggregation, delay and energy consumptions are handled with maximized performance. IIoT networks when blended with optimization algorithms-based clustering aids in improving scalability and energy efficiency which results in more cost-effective and reliable industrial applications. In this paper, Energy Efficient Quantum-Informed Artificial Hummingbird Optimization Algorithm (EEQIAHBOA) is proposed for maximizing the performance of IoT networks and addressing the energy preservation problem such that the information is gathered and sent to the base station for reactive decision making. This EEQIAHBOA approach is proposed as a reliable routing algorithm which is implementation with the determination of information heuristic factors and efficient encoding scheme. It is proposed as a significant clustering algorithm for the objective of achieving network lifetime such that the factors of residual energy, and distance between the cluster member IoT nodes and energy consumptions during the selection of Cluster Heads (CHs). The simulation experiments of EEQIAHBOA approach conducted with different network scenarios confirmed 32.12% improvement in energy efficiency and 35.62% enhancement in network lifetime under different live nodes compared to the baseline approaches used for investigation.

An Optimized Intelligent Computational Security Model for Interconnected Blockchain-IoT System & Cities

The aim of our study was to assess the effectiveness of the nonlinear analysis (NLA) of ECG in predicting the results of invasive electrophysiologic study (EPS) in patients with ventricular arrhythmias. We evaluated 25 patients with history of cardiac arrest, syncope, sustained, or nonsustained ventricular tachycardia (VT). All patients underwent electrophysiologic study (EPS) and nonlinear analysis (NLA) of ECG. The study group was compared with a control group of 25 healthy subjects, in order to define the normal range of NLA. ECG was processed in order to obtain numerical values, which were analyzed by nonlinear mathematical functions. Patients were classified through the application of a clustering procedure to the whole set of functions, and the correlation between the results of nonlinear analysis of ECG and EPS was tested. NLA assigned all patients with negative EPS to the same class of healthy subjects, whereas the patients in whom VT was inducible had been correctly and clearly isolated into a separate cluster. In our study, the result of NLA with application of the clustering technique was significantly correlated to that of EPS (P < 0.001), and was able to predict the result of EPS, with a negative predictive value of 100% and a positive predictive value of 100%. NLA can predict the results of EPS with good negative and positive predictive value. However, further studies are needed in order to verify the usefulness of this noninvasive tool for sudden death risk stratification in patients with ventricular arrhythmias.

In the last decades many possible applications of nonlinear dynamics in communication systems and signal processing have been reported. Conversely, techniques usually employed by the signal processing and communication systems communities, as correlation, power spectral density analysis, and linear filters, among others have been used to characterize chaotic dynamical systems. This chapter presents four works that aim to use tools from both fields to generate new and interesting results: (1) a message authentication system based on chaotic fingerprint; (2) a study of the spectral characteristics of the chaotic orbits of the Henon map; (3) an investigation of the chaotic nature of the signals generated by a filtered Henon map, and (4) a communication system that presents equalization and a switching scheme between chaos-based and conventional modulations.

One of the main control tasks in a computer network is to organize an effective system of information delivery; this task is of particular relevance in the software defined network. Conventional routing tools do not meet the requirements to service quality and the requirements for equitable distribution of congestion along communication channels. Routing in conventional networks is performed by the shortest path search based on a specified parameter, but these tools do not provide sufficient agility when changing routes in the network. Another drawback is the need to transmit regular updates of routing information by passing the service traffic, thereby dramatically increasing the congestion and reducing the throughput. At present, the most effective way to ensure the assigned quality of service parameters, as well as a promising solution to organize efficient routing under conditions of uncertainty, is a software defined network. This new networking paradigm makes it possible to simplify the process of managing the network, to significantly enhance the use of network resources, and to reduce operating costs. One of the main advantages of such a network is control at the upper levels of the reference model, which makes it possible to simplify both the process of network management and the process to manage traffic in corporate networks and data center networks. A new approach to traffic design in a software defined network has been proposed that employs the making-decision theory oriented towards routing exactly in such networks. If there is a «problematic area» and there is the need to overcome it, the decision-making theory under conditions of uncertainty is used, since the probability of selecting the best way to circumvent it accounts for the patterns in transmitted traffic. Such a method makes it possible to reduce the loss of inelastic traffic that is an important component of the overall amount of transmitted information. From a practical point of view, the algorithm constructed in this work, when compared to known algorithms for traffic engineering, improves the quality of service in software defined networks

Network and service management encompasses a set of activities, methods, procedures, and tools, whose ultimate goal is to guarantee the proper functioning of a networked system. Computational tools are essential to help network administrators in their daily tasks, and information visualization techniques are of great value in such context. In essence, information visualization techniques associated to visual analytics aim at facilitating the tasks of network administrators in the process of monitoring and maintaining the network health. This paper surveys the use of information visualization techniques as a tool to support the network and service management process. Through a systematic literature review (SLR), we provide a historical overview and discuss the current state of the art in the field. We present a classification of 285 articles and papers from 1985 to 2013, according to an information visualization taxonomy, as well as a network and service management taxonomy. Finally, we point out future research directions and opportunities regarding the use of information visualization in network and service management.

Book reviews - Advances in communication systems, theory and applications

We propose a framework for adaptive policy-based quality of service (QoS) management in wireless networks. The proposed framework is a multi-layer agent system where agents cooperate to dynamically adapt network behavior to maintain the delivered QoS level to the user. QoS prediction agents utilize user information such as the user profile, location and terminal characteristics, to predict future changes in the supplied QoS. These changes are then reported to a set of QoS adaptation agents, which dynamically adapt the network policies to meet the user's requirements. The proposed adaptive approach assembles policies at run-time given sets of imposed constraints and goals to be satisfied. The new approach gives more flexibility to users and applications to dynamically change their QoS requirements while maintaining a smooth delivery of QoS.

Advances in the multimedia technology provide an opportunity to enhance learning in the university education. The paper presents a sample of multimedia learning objects and cooperative activities based on macromedia flash, questionmark perception, and mathworks Matlab, used to teach the theoretical concepts in a senior level course, digital signal processing in communication systems (DSP/CS). A study that compares the performance of students with and without multimedia access is also included.

Faced with growing fierce competitive pressure on all fronts and market saturation, traditional telecommunication operators are now struggling to find the breakthrough approach by which they may successfully reshape their role from network service providers to multimedia service providers. They are re-examining their voice-centric business models and deploying next-generation networks (NGN) for QoS-guaranteed delivery of multimedia quadruple play services (QPSs). To cost effectively realize these paradigm shifts, the existing ;stability-oriented; network operations and management infrastructure and processes should be migrated into ;service-oriented; and ;business-driven; network operations and management within the context of today's multimedia and converged business environments. In this article, I'd like to introduce Network Operations and Management 2.0 (NOM 2.0), which is an innovative next generation operations and management paradigm for telephone company business agility and customer value creation. KT recently proposed Telco 2.0 [1], a new role and business model in the IP world to create customer value. NOM 2.0 is a key component needed to realize the Telco 2.0 goals. Telcos need to transform their operations and management framework into a human-centric and highly intelligent and automated one, and become the market leader by providing an agile operation and management framework within ever-changing operations and business environments. I will describe what NOM 2.0 is and how it is being realized in my company, KT.